帕布莉卡道德经 Tao and Teh
老子 著 Laozi
林语堂 英译 Lin Yutang Translation
三十八章
上德不德，是以有德；
下德不失德，是以无德。
上德无为而无以为；
下德无为而有以为。
上仁为之而无以为；
上义为之而有以为。
上礼为之而莫之应，则攘臂而扔之。
故失道而后德，失德而后仁，失仁而后义，失义而后礼。
夫礼者，忠信之薄，而乱之首。
前识者，道之华，而愚之始。
是以大丈夫居其厚，不居其薄；
居其实，不居其华。
故去彼取此。
The man of superior character is not (conscious of his) character.
Hence he has character.
The man of inferior character (is intent on) not losing character.
Hence he is devoid of character.
The man of superior character never acts,
Nor ever (does so) with an ulterior motive.
The man of inferior character acts,
And (does so) with an ulterior motive.
The man of superior kindness acts,
But (does so) without an ulterior motive.
The man of superior justice acts,
And (does so) with an ulterior motive.
(But when) the man of superior li acts and finds no response,
He rolls up his sleeves to force it on others.
Therefore:
After Tao is lost, then (arises the doctrine of) humanity.
After humanity is lost, then (arises the doctrine of) justice.
After justice is lost, then (arises the doctrine of) li.
Now li is the thinning out of loyalty and honesty of heart.
And the beginning of chaos.
The prophets arethe flowering of Tao
And the origin of folly.
Therefore the noble man dwells in the heavy (base),
And not in the thinning (end).
He dwells in the fruit,
And not in the flowering (expression).
Therefore he rejects the one and accepts the other.
三十九章
昔之得一者：
天得一以清；
地得一以宁；
神得一以灵；
谷得一以盈；
侯得一以为天下正。
其致之。
天无以清，将恐裂；
地无以宁，将恐废；
神无以灵，将恐歇；
谷无以盈，将恐竭；
侯王无以贵高，将恐蹶。
故贵以贱为本，高以下为基。
是以侯王自谓「孤」、「寡」、「不谷」。
此非以贱为本耶？非乎？
故致数誉无誉。
是故不欲禄禄如玉。
珞珞如石。
There were those in ancient times possessed of the One;
Through possession of the One, the Heaven was clarified,
Through possession of the One, The Earth was stabilized,
Through possession of the One, the gods were spiritualized,
Through possession of the One, the valleys were made full,
Through possession of the One, all things lived and grew,
Through possession of the One, the princes and dukes
becamethe ennobled of the people.
– that was how each became so.
Without clarity, the Heavens would shake,
Without stability, the Earth would quake,
Without spiritual power, the gods would crumble,
Without being filled, the valleys would crack,
Without the life-giving power, all things would perish,
Without the ennobling power, the princes and dukes would stumble.
therefore the nobility depend upon the common man for support,
And the exalted ones depend upon the lowly for their base.
That is why the princes and dukes call themselves
‘the orphaned,’ ‘the lonely one,’ ‘the unworthy.’
Is is not true then that they depend upon the common man for support?
Truly, take down the parts of a chariot,
And there is no chariot (left).
Rather than jingle like the jade,
Rumble like the rocks.
四十章
反者道之动；
弱者道之用。
天下万物生于有，
有生于无。
Reversion is the action of Tao.
Gentleness is the function of Tao.
The things of this world come from Being,
And Being (comes) from Non-being.
四十一章
上士闻道，勤而行之；
中士闻道，若存若亡；
下士闻道，大笑之。
不笑不足以为道。
故建言有之：「明道若昧，进道若退，夷道若类，上德若谷，大白若辱，广德若不足，建德若偷；
质真若渝，大方无隅，大器晚成，大音希声；大象无形。」
道隐无名，夫唯道，善始且善成。
When the highest type of men hear the Tao (truth),
they try hard to live in accordance with it.
When the mediocre type hear the Tao,
they seem to be aware and yet unaware of it.
When the lowest type hear the Tao,
They break into loud laughter –
If it were not laughed at, it would not be Tao.
Therefore there is the established saying:
‘Who understands Tao seems dull of comprehension;
Who is advance in Tao seems to slip backwards;
Who moves on the even Tao (Path) seems to go up and down.’
Superior character appears like a hollow (valley);
Sheer white appears like tarnished;
Great character appears like infirm;
Pure worth appears like contaminated.
Great space has no corners;
Great talent takes long to mature;
Great music is faintly heard;
Great form has no contour;
And Tao is hidden without a name.
It is this Tao that is adept at lending (its power)
and bringing fulfillment.
四十二章
道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。
万物负阴而抱阳，冲气以为和。
人之所恶，唯「孤」、「寡」、「不谷」。
而王公以为称。
故，物或损之而益，或益之而损。
人之所教，我亦教之：「强梁者不得其死」，吾将以为教父。
Out of Tao, One is born;
Out of One, Two;
Out of Two, Three;
Out of Three, the created universe.
The created universe carries the yin at its back
and the yang in front;
Through the union of the pervading principles it
reaches harmony.
To be ‘orphaned,’ ‘lonely’ and ‘unworthy’ is what men hate most.
Yet the princes and dukes callthemselves by such names.
For sometimes things are benefited by being taken away from,
And suffer by being added to.
Others have taught this maxim,
Which I shall teach also:
‘The violent man shall die a violent death.’
This I shall regard as my spiritual teacher.
四十三章
天下之至柔，驰骋天下之至坚。
无有入无间。
吾是以知无为之有益。
不言之教，无为之益，天下希及之。
The softest substance of the world
Goes through the hardest.
That-which-is-without-form penetrates that-which-has-no-crevice;
Through this I know the benefit of taking no action.
The teaching without words
And the benefit of taking no action
Are without compare in the universe.
四十四章
名与身孰亲？
身与货孰多？
得与亡孰病？
是故，甚爱必大费，多藏必厚亡。
知足不辱，知止不殆，可以长久。
Fame or one’s own self, which does one love more?
One’s own self or material goods, which has more worth?
Loss (of self) or possession (of goods), which is the greater evil?
Therefore: he who loves most spends most,
He who hoards much loses much.
The contented man meets no disgrace;
Who know when to stop runs into no danger –
He can long endure.
四十五章
大成若缺，其用不弊。
大盈若冲，其用不穷。
大直若屈，大巧若拙，大辩若讷。
躁胜寒，静胜热，清静为天下正。
The highest perfection is like imperfection,
And its use is never impaired.
The greatest abundance seems meager,
And its use will never fail.
What s most straight appears devious,
The greatest skill appears clumsiness;
The greatest eloquence seems like stuttering.
Movement overcomes cold,
(But) keeping still overcomes heat.
Who is calm and quiet becomes the guide for the universe.
四十六章
天下有道，却走马以粪。
天下无道，戎马生于郊。
祸莫大于不知足；
咎莫大于欲得。
故，知足之足，常足矣。
When the world lives in accord with Tao,
Racing horses are turned back to haul refuse carts.
When the world lives not in accord with Tao,
Cavalry abounds in the countryside.
There is no greater curse than the lack of contentment.
No greater sin than the desire for possession.
Therefore he who is contented with contentment
shall be always content.
四十七章
不出户，知天下；
不窥牖，见天道。
其出弥远，其知弥少。
是以圣人不行而知，不见而明，不为而成。
Without stepping outside one’s doors,
One can know what is happening in the world,
Without looking out of one’s windows,
One can see the Tao of heaven.
The farther one pursues knowledge,
The less one knows.
Therefore the Sage knows without running about,
Understands without seeing,
Accomplishes without doing.
四十八章
为学日益，为道日损。
损之又损，以至于无为。
无为而无不为。
取天下常以无事。
及其有事，不足以取天下。
The student of knowledge (aims at) learning day by day;
The student of Tao (aims at) losing day by day.
By continual losing
One reaches doing nothing (laissez-faire).
He who conquers the world often does so by doing nothing.
When one is compelled to do something,
The world is already beyond his conquering.
四十九章
圣人常无心，以百姓心为心。
善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，得善。
信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，得信。
圣人在天下，歙歙焉，为天下浑其心，圣人皆孩之。
The Sage has no decided opinions and feelings,
But regards the people’s opinions and feelings as his own.
The good ones I declare good;
The bad ones I also declare good.
That is the goodness of Virtue.
The honest ones I believe;
The liars I also believe;
That is the faith of Virtue.
The Sage dwells in the world peacefully, harmoniously.
The people of the world are brought into a community of heart,
And the Sage regards them all as his own children.
五十章
出生入死。
生之徒，十有三；
死之徒，十有三；
人之生，动之死地，亦十有三。
夫何故？以其生之厚。
盖闻善摄生者，陵行不遇兕虎，入军不被甲兵。
兕无所投其角，虎无所措其爪，兵无所容其刃。
夫何故？
以其无死地。
Out of life, death enters.
The companions (organs) of life are thirteen;
The companions (organs) of death are (also) thirteen.
What send man to death in this life are also (these) thirteen.
How is it so?
Because of the intense activity of multiplying life.
It has been said that the who is a good preserver of hi life
Meets no tigers or wild buffaloes on land,
Is not vulnerable to weapons in the field of battle.
The horns of the wild buffalo are powerless against him.
How is it so?
Because he is beyond death.
五十一章
道生之，德畜之，物形之，器成之。
是以万物莫不尊道而贵德。
道之尊，德之贵，夫莫之命而常自然。
故道生之，德畜之。
长之育之，亭之毒之，养之覆之，生而不有，为而不恃，长而不宰，是谓玄德。
Tao gives them birth,
Teh (character) fosters them.
The material world gives them form.
The circumstances of the moment complete them.
Therefore all things of the universe worship Tao and exalt Teh.
Tao is worshipped and Teh is exalted
Without anyone’s order but is so of its own accord.
Therefore Tao gives them birth,
Teh fosters them,
Makes them grow, develops them,
Gives them a harbor, a place to dwell in peace,
Feeds them and shelter them.
It gives them birth and does not own them,
Acts (helps) and does not appropriate them,
Is superior, and does not control them.
– This is the Mystic Virtue.
五十二章
天下有始，以为天下母。
既得其母，以知其子。
既知其子，复守其母，没身不殆。
塞其兑，闭其门，终身不勤。
启其兑，济其事，终身不救。
见小曰明，守柔曰强。
用其光，复归其明，无遗身殃，是为习常。
There was a beginning of the universe
Which may be regarded as the Mother of the Universe.
From the Mother, we may know her sons.
After knowing the sons, keep to the Mother.
Thus one’s whole life may be preserved from harm.
Stop its apertures,
Close its doors,
And one’s whole life is without toil.
Open its apertures,
Be busy about its affairs,
And one’s whole life is beyond redemption.
He who can see the small is clear-sighted;
He who stays by gentility is strong.
use the light,
And return to clear-sightedness –
Thus cause not yourself later distress.
– This is to rest in the Absolute.
五十三章
使我介然有知，行于大道，唯施是畏。
大道甚夷，而民好径。
朝甚除，田甚芜，仓甚虚，服文采，带利剑，厌饮食，财货有馀，是为盗竽。
非道也哉！
If I were possessed of Austere Knowledge,
Walking on the Main Path (Tao),
I would avoid the by-paths.
the Main path is easy to walk on,
Yet people love the small by-paths.
The (official) courts are spic and span,
(While) the fields go untilled,
And the (people’s) granaries are very low.
(Yet) clad in embroidered gowns,
And carrying find swords,
Surfeited with good food and drinks,
(They are) splitting with wealth and possessions.
– This is to lead the world toward brigandage.
Is this not corruption of Tao?
五十四章
善建者不拔，善抱者不脱，子孙以祭祀不辍。
修之于身，其德乃真；
修之于家，其德乃馀；
修之于乡，其德乃长；
修之于邦，其德乃丰；
修之于天下，其德乃普。
故以身观身，以家观家，以乡观乡，以邦观邦，以天下观天下。
吾何以知天下然哉？
以此。
Who is firmly established is not easily shaken.
Who has a firm grasp does not easily let go.
From generation to generation his ancestral sacrifices
Shall be continued without fail.
Cultivated in the individual, character will become genuine;
Cultivated in the family, character will become abundant;
Cultivated in the village, character will multiply;
Cultivated in the state, character will prosper;
Cultivated in the world, character will become universal.
Therefore:
According to (the character of ) the individual,
judge the individual;
According to (the character of ) the family,
judge the family;
According to (the character of ) the village,
judge the village;
According to (the character of ) the state,
judge the state;
According to (the character of ) the world,
judge the world.
How do I know this is so?
By this.
五十五章
含「德」之厚，比于赤子。
毒虫不螫，猛兽不据，攫鸟不搏。
骨弱筋柔而握固。
未知牝牡之合而朘作，精之至也。
终日号而不嗄，和之至也。
知和曰常，知常曰明，益生曰祥，心使气曰强。
物壮则老，谓之不道，不道早已。
Who is rich in character
Is like a child.
No poisonous insects sting him,
No wild beasts attack him,
And no birds of prey pounce upon him.
His bones are soft, his sinews tender, yet his grip is strong.
Not knowing the union of male and female, yet his organs are complete,
Which means his vigor is unspoiled.
Crying the whole day, yet his voice never runs hoarse,
Which means his (natural) harmony is perfect.
To know harmony is to be in accord with the eternal,
(And) to know eternity is called discerning.
(But) to improve upon life is called an ill-omen;
To let go the emotions through impulse is called assertiveness.
(For) things age after reaching their prime;
That (assertiveness) would be against Tao.
And he who is against Tao perishes young.
五十六章
知者不言，言者不知。
塞其兑，闭其门，挫其锐，解其纷，和其光，同其尘，是谓玄同。
故不可得而亲，不可得而疏；
不可得而利，不可得而害；
不可得而贵，不可得而贱。
故为天下贵。
He who knows does not speak;
He who speaks does not know.
Fill up its apertures,
Close its doors,
Dull its edges,
Untie its tangles,
Soften its light,
Submerge its turmoil,
– This is the Mystic Unity.
Then love and hatred cannot touch him.
Profit and loss cannot reach him.
Honor and disgrace cannot affect him.
五十七章
以正治国，以奇用兵，以无事取天下。
吾何以知其然哉？
以此：天下多忌讳，而民弥贫；
人多利器，国家滋昏；
人多伎巧，奇物滋起；
法令滋彰，盗贼多有。
故圣人云：
「我无为，而民自化；
我好静，而民自正；
我无事，而民自富；
我无欲，而民自朴。」
Rule a kingdom by the Normal.
Fight a battle by (abnormal) tactics of surprise.
Win the world by doing nothing.
How do I know it is so?
Through this: –
The more prohibitions there are,
The poorer the people become.
The more sharp weapons there are,
The greater the chaos in the state.
The more skills of technique,
The more cunning things are produced.
The greater the number of statutes,
The greater the number of thieves and brigands.
Therefore the sage says:
I do nothing and the people are reformed of themselves.
I love quietude and the people are righteous of themselves.
I deal in no business and the people grow rich by themselves.
I have no desires and the people are simple and honest by themselves.
五十八章
其政闷闷，其民淳淳；
其政察察，其民缺缺。
祸兮，福之所倚，福兮，祸之所伏。
孰知其极？
其无正。
正复为奇，善复为妖。
人之迷，其日固久！
是以圣人方而不割，廉而不刿，直而不肆，光而不耀。
When the government is lazy and dull,
Its people are unspoiled;
When the government is efficient and smart,
Its people are discontented.
Disaster is the avenue of fortune,
(And) fortune is the concealment for disaster.
Who would be able to know its ultimate results?
(As it is), there would never be the normal.
But the normal would (immediately) revert to the deceitful.
And thegood revert to the sinister.
Thus long has mankind gone astray!
Therefore the Sage is square (has firm principles),
but not cutting (sharp-cornered),
Has integrity but does not hurt (others),
Is straight, but not high-handed,
Bright, but not dazzling.
五十九章
治人、事天，莫若啬。
夫为啬，是谓早服，早服谓之重积德。
重积德则无不克。
无不克则莫知其极。
莫知其极，可以有国。
有国之母，可以长久。
是谓深根固柢，长生久视之道。
In managing human affairs, there is no better rule
than to be sparing.
To be sparing is to forestall;
To forestall is to be prepared and strengthened;
To be prepared and strengthened is to be ever-victorious;
To be ever-victorious is to have infinite capacity;
He who has infinite capacity is fit to rule a country,
And the Mother (principle) of a ruling country can long endure.
This is to be firmly rooted, to have deep strength,
The road to immortality and enduring vision.
六十章
治大国若烹小鲜。
以道莅天下，其鬼不神。
非其鬼不神，其神不伤人。
非其神不伤人，圣人亦不伤人。
夫两不相伤，故德交归焉。
Rule a big country as you would fry small fish.
Who rules the world in accord with Tao
Shall find that the spirits lose their power.
It is not that the spirits lose their power,
But that they cease to do people harm.
It is not (only) that they cease to do people harm,
The Sage (himself) also does no harm to the people.
When both do not do each other harm,
The original character is restored.
六十一章
大国者下流，天下之牝，天下之交。
牝常以静胜牡，以静为下。
故大国以下小国，则取小国；
小国以下大国，则取大国。
故或下以取，或下而取。
大国不过欲兼畜人，小国不过欲入事人。
夫两者各得所欲，大者宜为下。
A big country (should be like) the delta low-regions,
Being the concourse of the world,
(And) the Female of the world.
The Female overcomes the Male by quietude,
And achieves the lowly position by quietude.
Therefore if a big country places itself below a small country
It absorbs the small country.
(And) if a small country places itself below a big country,
It absorbs the big country.
Therefore some place themselves low to absorb (others),
Some are (naturally) low and absorb (others).
What a big country wants is but to shelter
others,
And what a small country wants is but
to be able to
come in and be sheltered.
Thus (considering) that both may have what they want,
A big country ought to place itself low.
六十二章
道者，万物之奥。
善人之宝，不善人之所保。
美言可以市尊，美行可以加人。
人之不善，何弃之有？
故立天子，置三公，虽有拱璧以先驷马，不如坐进此道。
古之所以贵此道者何？
不曰：求以得，有罪以免邪？
故为天下贵。
Tao is the mysterious secret of the universe,
The good man’s treasure,
And the bad man’s refuge.
Beautiful saying can be sold at the market,
Noble conduct can be presented as a gift.
Though there be bad people,
Why reject them?
Therefore on the crowning of an emperor,
On the appointment of the Three Ministers,
Rather than send tributes of jade and teams of four horses,
Send in the tribute of Tao.
Wherein did the ancients prize this Tao?
Did they not say, ‘to search for the guilty ones and pardon them’?
Therefore is (tao) the treasure of the world.
六十三章
为无为，事无事，味无味。
大小多少，报怨以德。
图难于其易；为大于其细。
天下难事，必作于易；
天下大事，必作于细。
是以圣人终不为大，故能成其大。
夫轻诺必寡信，多易必多难。
是以圣人犹难之，故终无难矣。
Accomplish do-nothing.
Attend to no-affairs.
Taste the flavorless.
Whether it is big or small, many or few,
Requite hatred with virtue.
Deal with the difficult while yet it is easy;
Deal wit the big while yet it is small.
The difficult (problems) of the world
Must be dealt with while they are yet easy;
The great (problems) of the world
Must be dealt with while they are yet small.
Therefore the Sage by never dealing with great (problems)
Accomplishes greatness.
He who lightly makes a promise
Will find it often hard to keep his faith.
He who makes light of many things
Will encounter many difficulties.
Hence even the Sage regards things as difficult,
And for that reason never meets with difficulties.
以无为的态度去有所作为，以不滋事的方法去处理事物，以恬淡无味当作有味。大生于小，多起于少。处理问题要从容易的地方入手，实现远大要从细微的地方入手。天下的难事，一定从简易的地方做起；天下的大事，一定从微细的部分开端。
六十四章
其安易持；
其未兆易谋；
其脆易泮；
其微易散。
为之于未有，治之于未乱。
合抱之木，生于毫末；
九层之台，起于累土；
千里之行，始于足下。
为者败之；持者失之。
是以，圣人无为，故无败；
无持，故无失。
民之从事，常于几成而败之。
慎终如始，则无败事。
是以圣人欲不欲，不贵难得之货，学不学，复众人之所过。
以辅万物自然而不敢为。
That which lies still is easy to hold;
That which is not yet manifest is easy to forestall;
That which is brittle (like ice) easily melts;
That which is minute easily scatters.
Deal with a thing before it is there;
Check disorder before it is rife.
A tree with a full span’s girth begins from a tiny sprout;
A nine-storied terrace begins with a clod of earth.
A journey of a thousand li beings at one’s feet.
He who acts, spoils;
He who grasps, lets slip.
Because the Sage does not act, he does not spoil,
Because he does not grasp, he does not let slip.
The affairs of men are often spoiled within an ace of
completion.
By being careful at the end as at the beginning
Failure is averted.
Therefore the Sage desires to have no desire,
And values not objects difficult to obtain.
Learns that which is unlearned,
And restores what the multitude have lost.
That he may assist in the course of Nature
And not presume to interfere.
六十五章
古之善为道者，非以明民，将以愚之。
民之难治，以其智多。
故以智治国，国之贼；
不以智治国，国之福。
知此两者亦稽式。
常知稽式，是谓玄德。
玄德深矣，远矣，与物反矣，然后乃至大顺。
The ancients who knew how to follow the Tao
Aimed not to enlighten the people.,
But to keep them ignorant.
The reason it is difficult for the people to leave in peace
Is because of too much knowledge.
Those who seek to rule a country by knowledge
Are the nation’s curse.
Those who seek not to rule a country by knowledge
Are the nation’s blessing.
Those who know these two (principles)
Also know the ancient standard,
And to know always the ancient standard
Is called the Mystic Virtue.
When the Mystic Virtue becomes clear, far-reaching,
And things revert back (to their source)
Then and then only emerges the Grand Harmony.
六十六章
江海所以能为百谷王者，以其善下之，故能为百谷王。
是以圣人欲上民，必以言下之；
欲先民，必以身后之。
是以圣人居上而民不重，居前而民不害。
是以天下乐推而不厌。
以其不争，故天下莫能与之争。
How did the great rivers and seas become the Lords of the ravines?
By being good at keeping low.
That was how they became Lords of the Ravines.
Therefore in order to be the chief among the people,
One must speak like their inferiors.
In order to be foremost among the people,
One must walk behind them.
Thus it is that the Sage stays above,
And the people do not feel his weight;
Walks in front,
And the people do not wish him harm.
Then the people of the world are glad to uphold him forever.
Because he does not contend,
No one in the world can contend against him.
六十七章
天下皆谓我道大，似不肖。
夫唯大，故似不肖。
若肖，久矣其细也夫！
我有三宝，持而保之：
一曰慈，二曰俭，三曰不敢为天下先。
慈，故能勇；
俭，故能广；
不敢为天下先，故能成器长。
今舍慈且勇，舍俭且广，舍后且先，死矣。
夫慈，以战则胜，以守则固。
天将救之，以慈卫之。
All the world says: my teaching (Tao) greatly resembles folly.
Because it is great; therefore it resembles folly.
If it did not resemble folly,
It would have long ago become petty indeed!
I have Three Treasures;
Guard them and keep them safe:
the first is Love.
The second is, Never too much.
The third is, Never be the first in the world.
Through Love, one has no fear;
Through not doing too much, one has amplitude
(of reserve power);
Through not presuming to be the first in the world,
One can develop one’s talent and let it mature.
If one forsakes love and fearlessness,
forsakes restraint and reserve power,
forsakes following behind and rushes in front,
He is doomed!
For love is victorious in attack,
And invulnerable in defense.
Heaven arms with love
Those it would not see destroyed.
六十八章
善为士者，不武。
善战者，不怒。
善胜敌者，不与。
善用人者，为之下。
是谓不争之德，是谓用人之力，是谓配天，古之极。
The brave soldier is not violent;
The good fighter does not lose his temper;
The great conqueror does not fight (on small issues);
The good user of men places himself below others.
– This is the virtue of not-contending,
Is called the capacity to use men,
Is reaching to the height of being
Mated to Heaven, to what was of old.
六十九章
用兵有言：「吾不敢为主，而为客；不敢进寸，而退尺。」
是谓行无行，攘无臂，执无兵，乃无敌矣。
祸莫大于轻敌，轻敌几丧吾宝。
故抗兵相若，哀者胜矣。
There is the maxim of military strategists;
I dare not be the first to invade, but rather be the invaded.
Dare not press forward an inch, but rather retreat a foot.
That is, to march without formations,
To roll up the sleeves,
To charge not in frontal attacks,
To arm without weapons.
There is no greater catastrophe than to underestimate the enemy.
To underestimate the enemy might entail the loss of my treasures.
Therefore when two equally matched armies meet,
七十章
吾言甚易知，甚易行。
天下莫能知，莫能行。
言有宗，事有君。
夫唯无知，是以不我知。
知我者希，则我者贵。
是以圣人被褐而怀玉。
My teachings are very easy to understand
and very easy to practice,
But no one can understand them and
no one can practice them.
In my words there is a principle.
In the affairs of men there is a system.
Because they know not these,
They also know me not.
Since there are few that know me,
Therefore I am distinguished.
Therefore the Sage wears a coarse cloth on top
And carries jade within his bosom.
七十一章
知不知，上，不知不知，病。
圣人不病，以其病病，是以不病。
Who knows that he does not know is the highest;
Who (pretends to) know what he does not know is sick-minded.
And who recognizes sick-mindedness as sick-mindedness
is not sick-minded.
The Sage is not sick-minded.
Because he recognizes sick-mindedness as sick-mindness,
Therefore he is not sick-minded.
七十二章
民不畏威，则大威至。
无狎其所居，无厌其所生。
夫唯不厌，是以不厌。
是以圣人自知不自见，自爱不自贵。
故去彼取此。
When people have no fear of force,
Then (as is the common practice) great force descends
upon them.
Despise not their dwellings,
Dislike not their progeny.
Because you do not dislike them,
You will not be disliked yourself.
Therefore the Sage knows himself, but does not show himself,
Loves himself, but does not exalt himself.
Therefore he rejects the one (force) and
accepts the other (gentility).
七十三章
勇于敢，则杀，勇于不敢，则活。
此两者，或利或害。
天之所恶，孰知其故？
天之道，不争而善胜，不言而善应，不召而自来，姗然而善谋。
天网恢恢，疏而不失。
Who is brave in daring (you) kill,
Who is brave in not daring (you) let live.
In these two,
There is some advantage and some disadvantage.
(Even if) Heaven dislikes certain people,
Who would know (who are to be killed and) why?
Therefore even the Sage regards it as a difficult question.
Heaven’s Way (Tao) is good at conquest without strife,
Rewarding (vice and virtue) without words,
Making its appearance without call,
Achieving results without obvious design.
The heaven’s net is broad and wide.
With big meshes, yet letting nothing slip through.
七十四章
民不畏死，奈何以死惧之？
若使民常畏死，而为奇者，吾得执而杀之，孰敢？
常有司杀者杀。
夫代司杀者杀，是谓代大匠斫。
夫代大匠斫者，希有不伤其手矣。
The people are not afraid of death;
Why threaten them with death?
Supposing that the people
are afraid of death,
And we can seize and kill the unruly,
Who would dare to do so?
Often it happens that the executioner is killed.
And to take the place ofthe executioner
Is like handling the hatchet for the master carpenter.
He who handles the hatchet for the master carpenter
seldom escapes injury to his hands.
七十五章
民之饥，以其上食税之多，是以饥。
民之不治，以其上之有为，是以不治。
民之轻死，以其上求生之厚，是以轻死。
夫唯无以生为者，是贤于贵生。
When people are hungry,
It is because their rulers eat too much tax-grain.
Therefore the unruliness of hungry people
Is due to the interference of their rulers.
That is why they are unruly.
The people are not afraid of death,
Because they are anxious to make a living.
That is why they are not afraid of death.
It is those who interfere not with their living
That are wise in exalting life.
七十六章
人之生也柔弱，其死也坚强。
草木之生也柔脆，其死也枯槁。
故坚强者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒。
是以兵强则灭，木强则折，强大居下，柔弱居上。
When man is born, he is tender and weak;
At death, he is hard and stiff.
When the things and plants are alive, they are soft
and supple;
When they are dead, they are brittle and dry.
Therefore hardness and stiffness are the companions of
death,
And softness and gentleness are the companions of life.
Therefore when an army is headstrong, it will lose in a battle.
When a tree is hard, it will be cut down.
The big and strong belong underneath.
七十七章
天之道，其犹张弓欤？
高者抑之，下者举之，有馀者损之，不足者补之。
天之道，损有馀而补不足。
人之道，则不然：损不足以奉有馀。
孰能有馀以奉天下？唯有道者。
是以圣人为而不恃，功成而不居，其不欲见贤。
The Tao (way) of Heaven,
Is it not like the bending of a bow?
The top comes down and the bottom-end goes up,
The extra (length) is shortened, the insufficient (width)
is expanded.
It is the way of Heaven to take away from those that have toomuch
And give to those that have not enough.
Not so with man’s way:
He takes from those that have not
And gives it as tribute to those that have too much.
Who can have enough and to spare to give to the entire world?
Only the man of Tao.
Therefore the Sage acts, but does not possess,
Accomplishes but lays claim to no credit,
Because he has no wish to seem superior.
七十八章
天下莫柔弱于水，而攻坚强者莫之能胜，以其无以易之。
弱之胜强，柔之胜刚，天下莫不知，莫能行。
是以圣人云：「受国之垢，是谓社稷主；受国不祥，是为天下王。」
正言若反。
There is nothing weaker than water
But none is superior to it in overcoming the hard,
For which there is no substitute.
That weakness overcomes strength
And gentleness overcomes rigidity,
No one does not know;
No one can put into practice.
Therefore the Sage says:
‘Who receives unto himself the calumny of the world
Is the preserver of the state.
Who bears himself the sins of the world
Is king of the world.’
Straight words seem crooked.
七十九章
和大怨，必有馀怨，安可以为善？
是以圣人执左契而不责于人。
有德司契，无德司彻。
天道无亲，恒与善人。
Patching up a great hatred is sure to leave some hatred behind.
How can this be regarded as satisfactory?
Therefore the Sage holds the left tally,
And does not put the guilt on the other party.
the virtuous man is for patching up;
The vicious is for fixing guilt.
But ‘the way of Heaven is impartial;
It sides only with the good man.’
八十章
小邦寡民。
使有什伯之器而不用；
使民重死而不远徙。
虽有舟舆，无所乘之；
虽有甲兵，无所陈之。
使民复结绳而用之。
甘其食，美其服，安其居，乐其俗。
邻邦相望，鸡犬之声相闻，民至老死，不相往来。
(Let there be) a small country with a small population,
Where the supply of goods are tenfold or hundredfold,
more than they can use.
Let the people value their lives and not migrate far.
Though there be boats and carriages,
None be there to ride them.
Though there be armor and weapons,
No occasion to display them.
Let the people again tie ropes for reckoning,
Let them enjoy their food,
Beautify their clothing,
Be satisfied with their homes,
Delight in their customs.
The neighboring settlements overlook one another
So that they can hear the barking of dogs and crowing
of cocks of their neighbors,
And the people till the end of their days shall never
have been outside their country.
八十一章
信言不美，美言不信。
善者不辩，辩者不善。
知者不博，博者不知。
圣人不积，既以为人己愈有，既以与人己愈多。
天之道，利而不害；
圣人之道，为而不争。
True words are not fine-sounding;
Fine-sounding words are not true.
A good man does not argue;
he who argues is not a good man.
the wise one does not know many things;
He who knows many things is not wise.
The Sage does not accumulate (for himself).
He lives for other people,
And grows richer himself;
He gives to other people,
And has greater abundance.
The Tao of Heaven
