《别舍弟宗一》是唐代文学家柳宗元的诗作。此诗是作者送别堂弟柳宗一而作,为伤别并自伤之作,既表现了兄弟之间的骨肉之情,同时还抒发了作者因参加“永贞革新”而被贬窜南荒的愤懑愁苦之情。首联写在送兄弟到越江边时,双双落泪,依依不舍;颔联叙写自己的政治遭遇,表现心中的不平和愤慨;颈联写景,用比兴手法把兄弟彼此的境遇加以渲染和对照;尾联表明自己处境不好,兄弟又远在他方,只能寄以出现荆门烟树的相思梦。全诗苍茫劲健,雄浑阔远,感慨深沉,感情浓烈,对仗工整,写景抒情融合无间,深得后世诗评家称赏。
别舍弟宗一[1]
柳宗元
零落残魂[2]倍黯然[3],
双垂别泪越江[4]边。
一身去国六千里,
万死[5]投荒[6]十二年。
桂岭[7]瘴[8]来云似墨,
洞庭[9]春尽水如天。
欲知此后相思梦,
长在荆门[10]郢[11]树烟。
注释:
[1] 舍弟宗一:指诗人的堂弟柳宗一。
[2] 残魂:残余的魂魄。
[3] 黯(àn)然:心情沮丧的样子。
[4] 越江:粤江。这里指代柳江。
[5] 万死:经历了无数的艰难和磨砺。
[6] 投荒:指被贬到边远地区。
[7] 桂岭:在今广西贺县东北。这里指柳州一带的山岭。
[8] 瘴:瘴气。
[9] 洞庭:洞庭湖,是柳宗一去江陵的必经之地。
[10] 荆门:荆门山,今在湖北省宜都县西北。
[11] 郢(yǐnɡ):春秋时期楚国的都城,在今湖北省江陵市西北,这也是柳宗一必经之地。
Farewell to My Younger Brother
Liu Zongyuan
Lonely, I feel more gloomy when I part with you;
Standing by riverside, we shed tears of adieu.
I am banished from home thousands of miles away;
Not dead for twelve long years, in the west land I stay.
Miasmic clouds darken the southern mountains high;
When spring ends on East lake, water blends with the sky.
From now on I would think of you and you of me;
I’d haunt in dreams our native land from tree to tree.
The poet reveals his homesickness while parting with his younger brother.