The Pawnshop –Xiao Hong 🔥背景知识：萧红是有才华的女作家，从1932到1934年她与作家萧军在哈尔滨共同度过了一段极艰苦的日子，《当铺》一文所反映的即当时的生活情景。 “你去当吧！你去当吧，我不去！” “好，我去，我就愿意进当铺，进当铺我一点也不怕，理直气壮。” “You go and do the pawning! You go, but not me!” “Ok, I go. I wouldn’t mind. I’m not afraid at all. I don’t see anything wrong about it.” 🎈“但不是我；除了我 but not me”是口语化表达。例句There is only one true God, but not me. 我不是上帝，真正的上帝只有一个，但不是我。🎈 “我就愿意进当铺”译为I wouldn’t mind，所采用的是正反表达法，把原文从正面表达的句子，在译文中从反面来表达，以便提高译文的效果。🎈“口头白话”是翻译中一块难啃的硬骨头。翻译此句话的重点在于正确理解原文，如：“理直气壮”→（我）又没做错什么/这件事又没错。张培基先生的中文造诣了得，我们这种翻译小辣鸡就多多欣赏，多多积累吧。新做起来的我的棉袍，一次还没有穿，就跟着我进当铺去了！Thus, my newly-made cotton-padded gown, which had not been worn even once, accompanied me to the pawnshop.🎈将“一次还没有穿”处理成限制性定语从句which had not been worn even once。其中，even“甚至”一词体现了作者当时有些不舍新袍的心情（“哪怕穿一次也行啊，总比没穿过就当了强”）。Q:“跟着我进当铺”中“跟着”可以译成“follow”吗？🎈不可以。虽然一提到“跟着”，我们马上会条件反射，在自己脑子中想到中英对照词follow，但是follow多指事物/人之间一前一后不接触的状态。而accompany表示伴随状态，符合衣服穿在身上的描述。用了follow，就是衣服把自己从人身上扒拉下来，独立行走了。在当铺门口稍微徘徊了一下，想起出门时郎华要的价目——非两元不当。 At the door of the pawnshop I hesitated for a while, recalling the asking price suggested by Lang Hua when I left home—“Nothing less than two Yuan.” 🎈At the door of the pawnshop是地点状语；recalling the asking price是伴随状语。🎈“要的价目”译为the asking price，为英语常用语，是从to ask a price转过来的。🎈“非两元不当”→要价不少于两元，故译为“Nothing less than two Yuan”🎈在当铺门口稍微徘徊了一下→此处“徘徊了一下”就是“在门口犹豫了一会儿”的意思，所以译为hesitate for a while.包袱送到柜台上，我是仰着脸，伸着腰，用脚尖站起来送上去的，真不晓得当铺为什么摆起这么高的柜台！I stood on tiptoe, face upward and back straightened, to hand the cloth-wrapped bundle onto the counter. How strange the pawnbroker should have put up a counter so forbiddingly high! 🎈“face upward and back straightened”是独立主格结构。🎈hand作动词讲，hand sb. sp. 把某物放在某处🎈“这么高的柜台”译为a counter so forbiddingly high，其中forbiddingly作“令人生畏”或“难以接近”（unfriendly或unapproachable）解，原文虽无其词但有其意。so forbiddingly high作后置定语。🎈How strange…是how引导的感叹句。那戴帽头的人翻着衣裳看，还不等他问，我就说了： “两块钱。” A man in a skullcap turned the gown over and over to examine it. Before he could open his mouth, I said, “Two Yuan.” 🎈over and over有“一遍遍”之意🎈还不等他问→在他问之前，故译为before he could open his mouth。此处could表示可能（something may possibly happen）。他一定觉得我太不合理，不然怎么连看我一眼也没看，就把东西卷起来，他把包袱仿佛要丢在我的头上，他十分不耐烦的样子。He must have thought me too unreasonable, for he rolled up the gown without even taking a look at me. Impatience was written all over his face as if he were about to throw the bundle onto my head. 🎈must表示推测，且只用在肯定句中；否定句和疑问句中用can’t/couldn’t和can/could.形式主要有must be/do sth.(对现在的推测)，must be doing sth.(对现在正在进行的推测)，must have done(对过去的推测).🎈他一定觉得我太不合理，不然怎么连看我一眼也没看→因为他一眼都没看我，所以我推测他一定觉得我不太合理。for引导原因从句。🎈“十分不耐烦的样子”译为Impatience was written all over his face，其中to be written all over (或on)作“显露”解,为英语惯用表达法。“两块钱不行，那么，多少钱呢？” “多少钱不要。”他摇摇像长西瓜形的脑袋，小帽头顶尖的红帽球，也跟着摇了摇。 “If two yuan won’t do, then how much?” “We won’t take it for anything,” said he, shaking his longish watermelon-shaped head, the decorative red bead on top of his skullcap swaying. 🎈will do v.适合，足够；行得通，可行英义If you say that something <will do or will do you>, you mean that there is enough of it or that it is of good enough quality to meet your requirements or to satisfy you.🎈shaking his longish watermelon-shaped head是伴随状语；the decorative red bead on top of his skullcap swaying是独立主格结构。我伸手去接包袱，我一点也不怕，我理直气壮，我明明知道他故意作难，正想把包袱接过来就走。猜得对对的，他并不把包袱真给我。I was aware that he was out to make things difficult for me. Therefore, bold and confident, I reached out my hand for the bundle. But, just as I had been doubly sure, he simply wouldn’t let go of it. 🎈“他故意作难”译为he was out to make difficult for me，其中to be out to do（或for）something作“企图”（to intend或want）解，是英语惯用表达法。 🎈“他并不把包袱真给我”译为he simply wouldn’t let go of it，其中let go of是英语习语，作“放手”（to stop holding）解。🎈“猜的对对的”译作“just as I had been doubly sure“，用”doubly双重地，加倍地“对应”对对的“这一口语化表达。🎈bold and confident作状语，修饰整个句子。“五毛钱！这件衣服袖子太瘦，卖不出钱来……” “不当。”我说。 “那么一块钱，……再可不能多了，就是这个数目。”“Fifty cents! The sleeves are too tight. The gown won’t fetch much…” “I won’t pawn it,” said I. “Well, how about one yuan?…Can’t give you any more. That’s final.”🎈袖子太瘦→袖子太紧，故译作tight🎈此处fetch意为卖得;售得；If something fetches a particular sum of money, it is sold for that amount.🎈这就是最终结果That’s final. 他把腰微微向后弯一点，柜台太高，看不出他突出的肚囊……一只大手指，就比在和他太阳穴一般高低的地方。 He leaned back a little bit, his bulging paunch concealed behind the high counter…Meanwhile, to signal “one yuan”, he gestured with a finger raised as high as his temples.🎈his bulging paunch concealed behind the high counter是独立主格结构。🎈raised as high as his temples 作a finger的后置定语。temples指太阳穴。带着一元票子和一张当票，我怏怏地走，走起路来感到很爽快，默认自己是很有钱的人。Armed with a one-dollar note and a pawn ticket, I, unhappy as I was, walked with a light step and felt like one of the rich.🎈Armed with a one-dollar note and a pawn ticket，过去分词短语作独立主格结构，表示伴随状态。🎈unhappy as I was意为尽管我很不开心，（但我走起路来还是……）as引导让步状语从句时，必须用倒装结构。这种倒装通常是把从句中的表语、状语或者谓语动词放在句首。 🎈the+ adj.表示一类人。菜市，米店我都去过，臂上抱了很多东西，感到非常愿意抱这些东西，I visited the food market and the grain shop. I did not tire of carrying an armful of purchases.🎈I did not tire of所采用的是正反表达法，双重否定表肯定。把原文从正面表达的句子，在译文中从反面来表达，以便提高译文的效果。tire of对……厌倦。手冻得很痛，觉得这是应该，对于手一点也不感到可惜，本来手就应该给我服务，好像冻掉了也不可惜。My hands ached with cold, but this was as it should be. I felt no pity for them. It was their bounden duty to wait on me—even at the cost of suffering frostbite.🎈ached with cold中with cold表示手痛的原因。🎈be as it should be 本该如此。as可以引导名词性从句，as本身在表语从句中做表语，整体看句子是主系表结构，this是主语，was是系动词，as引导表语从句，从句的主语是it，should be是系动词，而表语就是as了。🎈bounden duty表示”应尽的义务“。🎈at the cost of suffering frostbite指“以遭受冻伤的代价”🎈wait on sb.意为「服务某人」英义to wait on somebody means to act as a servant to somebody, especially by serving food to them🎈wait on sth.意为「等待某事发生」英义to wait on something means to wait for something to happen before you do or decide something例句Since then I’ve been waiting on events.自那以后，我就一直在观望事情的发展。走在一家包子铺门前，又买了十个包子，看一看自己带着这些东西，很骄傲，心血时时激动，至于手冻的怎样痛，一点也不可惜。I also bought ten steamed stuffed buns at a pastry shop. I was proud of my shopping. Again and again I felt so thrilled that I completely forgot all the pain in my frostbitten hands.🎈包子译作“steamed stuffed bun”，即蒸的有馅儿馒头。🎈”看一看自己带着这些东西很骄傲”译为was proud of my shopping。shopping为不可数名词，意为商店购买来的东西(尤指食品)🎈时时激动→可以理解为“看一遍，就骄傲激动一次”，故译为again and again I felt so thrilled that……。其中，包含so……that……结构。🎈至于手冻的怎样痛，一点也不可惜→太过激动，以至于彻底忘记了手冻伤的疼，故译作I completely forgot all the pain in my frostbitten hands.路旁遇见一个老叫化子，又停下来给他一个大铜板，我想我有饭吃，他也是应该吃啊！When I saw an old beggar by the roadside, I stopped to give him a copper coin. Why, if I had food to eat, he certainly had no reason to go hungry!🎈在路边 by the roadside。使用介词by🎈Why, if I had food to eat, he certainly had no reason to go hungry!译得很流畅。“（也）应该吃”译成了“没理由挨饿”即have no reason to go hungry，go hungry是固定搭配，意为“挨饿，吃不饱”，注意积累。然而没有多给，只给一个大铜板，那些我自己还要用呢！But I couldn’t afford to give him more, for I needed the rest of the money for keeping my own body and soul together! 🎈“然而没有多给……那些我自己的还要用呢！”译为But I couldn’t afford to give him more, for I needed the rest of the money to keep my own body and soul together!，其中to keep my own body and soul together作“勉强维持生活”（just to make both ends meet）解，是译文中的添加成分，原文虽无其词而有其意。 又摸一摸当票也没有丢，这才重新走，手痛得什么心思也没有了，快到家吧！快到家吧。Before I walked on again, I put my hand on the pawn ticket in my pocket to make sure that it was still there. By then, the pain in my hands had become the only thing I was conscious of. So I was anxious to be home again.🎈又见before。英文中，用before或after来拿捏时间上的先后顺序还是很常见的。🎈by then 到那时候，那时例句I should be finished packing by then.到那时候我应该已经照理好行李了。🎈 “手痛得什么心思也没有了”和“快到家吧！快到家吧”之间是因果关系。前者旨在强调“手的疼痛感”，所以灵活译为“除了手的疼痛，我什么也感受不到了”即“the pain in my hands had become the only thing I was conscious of”。be home为“回家”之意，E.g. I’ll be home soon, though.我马上就回去了。但是，背上流了汗，腿觉得很软，眼睛有些剌痛，走到大门口，才想起来从搬家还没有出过一次街，走路腿也无力，太阳光也怕起来。My back sweated, my legs felt like jelly, my eyes stung. At the gate of my home, it suddenly occurred to me that this was the first time I had ever been out to town since I moved here and that accounted for my legs feeling so weak and my eyes being so shy of light.🎈“背上流了汗，腿觉得很软，眼睛有些刺痛”译为My back sweated, my legs felt like jelly, my eyes stung，三句并列，都用不及物动词，并采用连词省略法（asyndeton），有助于提高译文的表达效果。 🎈突然想起 it suddenly occurred to me that…🎈 “走到大门口”不用译作When I was at the gate of my home,直接译成地点状语即可。🎈还没有出过一次街→（这次）是第一次出街，故译作this was the first time…。🎈“and that accounted for”的that指代“从搬家还没有出过一次街”这个fact🎈account for 导致；解释 例句Now, the gene they discovered today doesn’t account for all those cases.不过，他们现在发现的基因无法解释所有的病例。又摸一摸当票才走进院去。On entering the courtyard, I touched the pawn ticket again.🎈On entering the courtyard是时间状语。郎华仍躺在床上，和我出来的时候一样，他还不习惯于进当铺。他是在想什么。Lang Hua was still lying on the bed with the same aversion to a pawnshop. I wonder what was now in his mind.🎈aversion to/for…厌恶，反感……🎈他是在想什么。→他现在是在想什么？→我想知道他脑子里正在想什么，故译作I wonder what was now in his mind。要细细揣摩原句意图。拿包子给他看，他跳起来了： “我都饿啦，等你也不回来。” The moment I produced the buns, he jumped up from his bed, “I’m so hungry. I’ve been long waiting for you to come back.” 🎈the moment+从句，表示“一……就……”。类似的用法还有the minute/second/instant+从句。需要注意的是，moment和从句之间不能再插入任何成分。🎈等你也不回来→我一直在等你回来，现译为I’ve been long waiting for you to come back.。long作副词，意为“始终；整个地”。🎈此处，produce取“提供provide”之意。十个包子吃去一大半，他才细问：“当多少钱？当铺没欺负你？” It was not until he had gulped down more than half of the buns that he began to question me closely, “How much did you pawn it for? Did they cheat you?” 🎈“It was not until … that he began to question me closely”是not until的强调句型。🎈“当铺没欺负你”中的“欺负”取“欺骗”之意，译为cheat。🎈狼吞虎咽gulp down 把当票给他，他瞧着那样少的数目： “才一元，太少。” I showed him the pawn ticket and he eyed the pitifully small sum scratched on it. “Only one Yuan? Too little!” 🎈eye作动词，意为“打量；端详”。例句We eyed each other thoughtfully…我们若有所思地打量着对方。🎈那样少的数目→少的可怜的数目，又因为此处“数目”指当票上的记号，故译为the pitifully small sum scratched on it。虽然说当得的钱少，可是又愿意吃包子，那么结果很满足。True, the money was too little, but the buns were good to eat, so that all’s well that ended well.🎈True同to be true，意为“确实，的确”🎈“那么结果很满足”译为so that all’s well that ended well，其中all’s well that ends well是英语谚语，作“有了好结果就行了”（It is the end that matters）解。他在吃包子的嘴，看起来比包子还大，一个跟着一个，包子消失尽了。One after another vanished the buns into his cavernous mouth—a mouth that looked even bigger than a bun. 🎈One after another vanished the buns into…是倒装结构，正常语序为the buns vanished into his cavernous mouth one after another.此处倒装是为了强调状语one after another。🎈“嘴”译为cavernous mouth，其中cavernous是为衬托原意而添加的成分，作“大而深”（very large and deep）解。🎈破折号起解释说明的作用。🔥必背词汇pawn v.典当；抵押英义If you pawn something that you own, you leave it with a pawnbroker, who gives you money for it and who can sell it if you do not pay back the money before a certain time.例句He is contemplating pawning his watch.他正在考虑抵押他的手表。相关表达典当 do the pawning当铺 pawnshop典当商，当铺老板 pawnbroker当票a pawn ticketforbiddingly adv.异常地例句Yet a fresh start looks forbiddingly difficult.然而，开始工作看起来异常艰难。skullcap n.无边便帽英义A skull cap is a small close-fitting cap.例句He shook his longish watermelon-shaped head, the decorative red bead on top of his skullcap swaying他摇摇像长西瓜形的脑袋，小帽头顶尖的红帽球，也跟着摇了摇。fetch v.卖得;售得英义If something fetches a particular sum of money, it is sold for that amount.例句The painting is expected to fetch between two and three million pounds.预计这幅画将售得两三百万英镑。paunch n.大肚子；将军肚英义If a man has a paunch, he has a fat stomach.例句His once lean figure was developing a paunch.他不像以前那么瘦削，开始长啤酒肚了。conceal v.掩盖;隐藏英义If you conceal something, you cover it or hide it carefully.例句Five people were arrested for carrying concealed weapons.5人因身上藏有武器被捕。🔥重点表达典当 do the pawning但不是我；除了我 but not me新做起来的我的棉袍 my newly-made cotton-padded gown跟着我进当铺去了accompanied me to the pawnshop稍微徘徊了一下hesitated for a while要价 the asking price非两元不当Nothing less than two Yuan踮脚站stood on tiptoe包袱送到柜台上hand the cloth-wrapped bundle onto the counter摆起这么高的柜台put up a counter so forbiddingly high翻着衣裳看turned the gown over and over to examine it还不等他问Before he could open his mouth把……卷起来roll up连看我一眼也没看without even taking a look at me十分不耐烦的样子Impatience was written all over his face故意作难was out to make difficult for me不把包袱真给我 wouldn’t let go of it猜的对对的just as I had been doubly sure卖不出钱来won’t fetch much他突出的肚囊his bulging paunch一只手指就比在和他太阳穴一般高低的地方with a finger raised as high as his temples走起路来感到很爽快walk with a light step厌倦 tire of本该如此be as it should be应尽的义务 bounden duty to…以遭受冻伤的代价 at the cost of suffering frostbite包子译作steamed stuffed bun看着自己买的东西很骄傲was proud of my shopping在路边 by the roadside我想我有饭吃，他也是应该吃啊if I had food to eat, he certainly had no reason to go hungry!铜板a copper coin勉强维持生活to make both ends meet/to keep my own body and soul together背上流了汗，腿觉得很软，眼睛有些剌痛My back sweated, my legs felt like jelly, my eyes stung. 太阳光也怕起来be so shy of light等你也不回来I’ve been long waiting for you to come back.瞧着那样少的数目eye the pitifully small sum scratched on it有了好结果就行了It is the end that matters/all’s well that ends well狼吞虎咽 gulp down🔥复盘测试典当但不是我；除了我新做起来的我的棉袍跟着我进当铺去了稍微徘徊了一下要价非两元不当踮脚站包袱送到柜台上摆起这么高的柜台翻着衣裳看还不等他问把……卷起来连看我一眼也没看十分不耐烦的样子故意作难不把包袱真给我猜的对对的卖不出钱来他突出的肚囊一只手指就比在和他太阳穴一般高低的地方走起路来感到很爽快厌倦本该如此应尽的义务以遭受冻伤的代价包子译作看着自己买的东西很骄傲在路边我想我有饭吃，他也是应该吃啊铜板勉强维持生活背上流了汗，腿觉得很软，眼睛有些剌痛太阳光也怕起来等你也不回来瞧着那样少的数目有了好结果就行了狼吞虎咽🔥表达对比「想到」有几种表达方式？走到大门口，才「想起来」从搬家还没有出过一次街，走路腿也无力，太阳光也怕起来。At the gate of my home, it suddenly occurred to me that this was the first time I had ever been out to town since I moved here and that accounted for my legs feeling so weak and my eyes being so shy of light.我想早点回家，就慌不择言，「想到」什么就说了什么。I wanted to get back early, and I said the first thing that came into my mind.当我「想到」他时，我的所有上师都化现于他身上。When I think of him, all my masters are embodied in him.可是在旅途中，我们所遇到的棉草量却是很少的，但我「没想到」会看到这样一块庞大的田地。During our trip we had come across small amounts of cotton grass along the roads, but I never expected to see such a huge field of it.
帕布莉卡