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《永远的憧憬和追求--萧红 》 -英语翻译技巧与实例-英汉互译实用教程

2023-01-20 分类：英语翻译 阅读(112) 评论(0)

永远的憧憬和追求–萧红

My Everlasting Dream and Pursuit –Xiao Hong
🔥背景知识：萧红（1911-1942），黑龙江省呼兰县人，官僚地主家庭出身，是才华横溢的女作家。本文是她应美国友人斯诺之约而写的小传。文章诉说她如何在祖父在关怀和抚育下度过寂寞的幼女时代。 
 
🎈“憧憬“译为dream，和aspiration, longing, yearning等同义。
🎈永恒的 everlasting, permanent, eternal
🎈chase和pursuit的区别：我们先看两个词组，chase a fox捕狐狸，in pursuit of my dream 追逐我的梦想。chase多取“狩猎、追赶”之意，而pursuit侧重抽象意义上的“追逐”。
 
一九一一年，在一个小县城里边，我生在一个小地主的家里。那县城差不多就是中国的最东最北部——黑龙江省——所以一年之中，倒有四个月飘着白雪。 
In 1911, I was born into a petty Landlord family in a remote county town in Heilongjiang Province—a town situated virtually at the northeastern tip of China. We had snow there for as long as one third of a year. 
🎈“那县城差不多就是中国的最东最北部——黑龙江省——”意即“那县城在黑龙江省，差不多位于中国的东北角”。现译为in a remote town in Heilongjiang Province—a town situated virtually at the northeastern tip of china，其中以remote（偏僻的、边远的）表达“小”，便于烘托原文的气氛；at the northeastern tip of China比in China’s northeastern part灵活顺口。 
🎈as long as one third of a year是as…as…结构，意为”和……一样”，表示同级的比较。
 
父亲常常为着贪婪而失掉了人性。他对待仆人，对待自己的儿女，以及对待我的祖父都是同样的吝啬而疏远，甚至于无情。
Father, driven by avarice, often became very unfeeling. He would treat his servants, his own children and even my grandpa alike with meanness and indifference, not to say with ruthlessness. 
🎈常常为着贪婪而失掉了人性→由于贪婪变得没有人性。译文用“driven by受……驱使”表示原因。
🎈alike的常见用法
①n.+ alike 诸如此类的人
②adv. 英雄所见略同Great minds think alike.
🎈“甚至于无情”译为not to say with ruthlessness，其中not to say是英语成语，意即and almost或and perhaps even。
 
有一次，为着房屋租金的事情，父亲把房客的全套的马车赶了过来。
Once, due to a dispute over house rent, he took away by force a tenant’s horse-drawn cart and drove it home.
🎈dispute和argue的区别：dispute指“激烈争辩”，含有“相持不下”或“未得解决”之意，侧重对分歧进行激烈的讨论，带一定感情色彩，常隐含“各持己见”或“争论不休”意味；argue则指提出理由或证据为自己的看法或立场辩护，着重说理、论证和企图说服。
🎈此句“为着”仍同“因为，由于”。
🎈把房客的全套的马车赶了过来→带走马车+把马车赶回自己家，是两个动作，故译为took away (the cart)+ drove (it) home。作者写这句话的意图在于说明父亲的没有人性， “by force 强行”则强调了父亲的“无情、无人性”。
 
房客的家属们哭着诉说着，向我的祖父跪了下来，于是祖父把两匹棕色的马从车上解下来还了回去。
The tenant’s family came to see grandpa and, dropping to their knees, tearfully related their troubles. Grandpa unharnessed the two chestnut horses and returned them to tenant. 
🎈房客的家属们哭着诉说着，向我的祖父跪了下来→理解为“房客的家属们来找到祖父，向祖父跪下，哭诉他们的困难”。故译为The tenant’s family came to see grandpa and, dropping to their knees, tearfully related their troubles.
🎈“哭着诉说着”译为tearfully related their troubles，其中related意同told。 
🎈“棕色的马”译为chestnut horses。英语常用chestnut指马的棕色，或棕色的马.
 
为着这匹马，父亲向祖父起着终夜的争吵。
That touched off a night-long quarrel between father and grandpa.
🎈译文touched off是成语，作“激起”、“引起”解。
🎈常见的“争论”
argue 
指提出理由或证据为自己或自己一方的看法或立场辩护，着重说理、论证和企图说服。
She argued the case for bringing back the death penalty.
她为恢复死刑的主张提供论据。
quarrel 
指两人之间或两个团体之间不友好的、吵吵嚷嚷地大声争论某事，尤指“吵嘴、吵架”。
She quarrelled with her brother over their father’s will.
她和弟弟因父亲遗嘱的事起了争执。
debate 
侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩。
Politicians will be debating the bill later this week.
政界将在本周晚些时候讨论这个议案。
dispute 
侧重对分歧进行激烈或热烈的争论或争辩，带一定感情色彩，常隐含“各持已见”或“争论不休”意味。
The issue remains hotly disputed.
这个问题至今仍在激烈地辩论中。
discuss 
最常用词，指就某一或某些问题表明观点、看法等，以便统一认识，解决问题。
We need to discuss when we should go.
我们需要商量一下什么时候动身。
 
“两匹马，咱们是算不了什么的，穷人，这匹马就是命根。”祖父这样说着，而父亲还是争吵。
“The two horses mean nothing to us, but everything to the poor,” argued grandpa. Father, however, refused to listen.
🎈“穷人，这匹马就是命根”译为they mean everything to the poor，其中everything和前面的nothing相互应。
🎈而父亲还是争吵→父亲不听劝。此处未将“争吵”译为continue to argue，避免与“argued grandpa”中的argue重复。
 
九岁时，母亲死去。父亲也就更变了样，偶然打碎了一只杯子，他就要骂到使人发抖的程度。
Mother died when I was nine. From then on father went from bad to worse. Even a mere cup accidentally broken by someone would send him into such a violent rage that we all shivered with fear.
🎈“父亲也就更变了样”译为From then on father went from bad to worse，其中from then on是连接上句的添加成分。又went from bad to worse是成语，作“越来越坏”、“每况俞下”解。
🎈“even a mere cup”中的even和mere突出强调了父亲的变本加厉，即：哪怕就是一只杯子，也要骂上半天。
🎈（偶然打碎了一只杯子，）他就要骂到使人发抖的程度→（打碎杯子这件事）使父亲暴怒，现译作send him into such a violent rage that we all shivered with fear。其中包含such a/an… + that结构。
 
后来就连父亲的眼睛也转了弯，每从他的身边经过，我就像自己的身上生了针剌一样；
Later, whenever I happened to walk past him, he would even have his eyes directed sideways, which made me feel like being pricked all over on thorns. 
🎈眼睛转了弯→不正眼看，即斜眼看，现译为have his eyes directed sideways，此处有have sth. done的结构。
🎈“就像自己的身上生了针剌一样”译为feel like being pricked all over on thorns，其中feel like是短语动词，作“如同”解，介词on常用来指人体受到伤害的原因。
🎈每从他的身边经过→偶然路过父亲身旁，故译作happened to walk past him。
 
他斜视着你，他那高傲的眼光从鼻梁经过嘴角而后往下流着。
When he looked askance at me, superciliousness gushed from his eyes down the bridge of his nose and then off the corners of his mouth. 
🎈译文superciliousness gushed from his eyes…是隐喻，指superciliousness像液体等一样流出。 
🎈off是“离开“之意，即then superciliousness gushed off the corners of his mouth。
 
所以每每在大雪中的黄昏里，围着暖炉，围着祖父，听着祖父读着诗篇，看着祖父读着诗篇时微红的嘴唇。
Often of a snowy evening, we children would hang about grandpa by a heating stove, listening to him reading poems aloud and meanwhile watching his busy ruddy lips. 
🎈译文Often of a snowy evening中的of 等于on，但有“经常”的含义。 
🎈“围着暖炉，围着祖父，听着祖父读着诗篇，看着祖父读着诗篇时微红的嘴唇”译为would hang about grandpa by a heating stove, listening to him ready poems aloud and meanwhile watching his busy ruddy lips，其中hang about或hang around为动词短语，作“待在……身边”解，通常有亲密、友好的含义；by表示在……旁。busy一词描述祖父的嘴唇不断张合，以代替“读着诗篇时”。
🎈we children是口语中的常见表达。
例句
We children played in the river. 我们小孩子在河边玩耍嬉戏。
 
父亲打了我的时候，我就在祖父的房里，一直面向着窗子，从黄昏到深夜——窗外的白雪，好像白棉花一样飘着；而暖炉上水壶的盖子，则像伴奏的乐器似的振动着。 
Whenever father had given me a beating, I would seek solace in grandpa’s room where I would stay gazing out of the window from dusk till late into the night while snowflakes were flying like cotton and the lid of the kettle over the heating stove rattling like a musical instrument playing an accompaniment. 
🎈whenever引导时间状语从句时，表示“每当；一……就……”，与when用法相似，但whenever语气更强烈；whenever引导让步状语从句时，表示“无论何时”，相当于at whatever time, no matter when。
🎈“打了我”译作give a beating。beat me除了“打我”，还有“把我打败，击败我”的意思。
🎈“父亲打了我的时候，我就在祖父的房里”→译文增译“我就在祖父房里寻求慰藉seek solace。
🎈一直面向着窗子→看向窗子（外面），故译作stay gazing out of the window
🎈late into the night 到深夜
例句
This means to work or study late into the night.
这个习语的意思是工作或学习到深夜。
🎈“暖炉上水壶的盖子，则像伴奏乐器似的振动着”译为and the lid of the kettle over the heating stove rattling like a musical instrument playing an accompaniment, 其中rattling表达“振动”，而不用vibrating等，因to rattle不仅指“振动”，而且指格格作响声，与“伴奏乐器”的比喻相互应。此处，省略be。
 
祖父时时把多纹的两手放在我的肩上，而后又放在我头上，我的耳边便响着这样的声音: “快快长吧！长大就好了。” 
Grandpa would place his wrinkled hand on my shoulder and then on my head, saying, “Grow up quick, poor child! You’ll be all right after you’ve grown up.” 
🎈“saying……”是伴随状语。
🎈增译“poor child”，意为“我可怜的孩子”，体现祖父对我的疼惜。
 
二十岁那年，我就逃出了父亲的家庭。直到现在还是过着流浪的生活。 “长大”是“长大了”，而没有“好”。 
I fled from home at twenty. And so far I still live the life of a vagrant. True, I’ve “grown up”, but I’m not yet “all right”. 
🎈在二十岁at twenty
在某人二十多岁的时候 in one’s twenties
🎈过着流浪的生活live the life of a vagrant
🎈「“长大”是“长大了”，而没有“好”」 译时补充出主语I。
 
可是从祖父那里，知道了人生除掉了冰冷和憎恶而外，还有温暖和爱。
Nevertheless, from grandpa I’ve learned that apart from coldness and hatred, there is also warmth and love in life.
🎈apart from
中文“除了…之外”，可以有两个意思，一个是“以…为例外”（“把…除外不算在内”），一个是“有了…，还加上（别的）”。
例句
Apart from her, we were all in agreement. 
除了她一个人不同意，我们大家都一致同意。
例句
Quite apart from the time it would take, I can’t afford it. 
不但时间要拖得很长，而且我也负担不起。
所以我就向这“温暖”和“爱”的方面，怀着永久的憧憬和追求。 
Hence my everlasting dream and pursuit of this “warmth” and “love”. 
🎈这句话解释了题目的由来。
 
🔥必背词汇
everlasting  adj.永恒不变的；永不停止的
英义
If you describe something as everlasting, you mean that it seems never to change or end.
例句
I have loved you with an everlasting love!
我对你的爱从未改变！
 
vagrant  n.流浪汉;漂泊者;乞丐
英义
A vagrant is someone who moves a lot from place to place because they have no permanent home or job, and have to ask for or steal things in order to live.
例句
He lived on the street as a vagrant.
他以在大街上乞讨为生。
 
avarice  n.贪财;贪婪;贪得无厌
英义
Avarice is extremely strong desire for money and possessions.
例句
He paid a month’s rent in advance, just enough to satisfy the landlord’s avarice.
他预交了一个月的房租，正好满足房东的贪心。
  
tenant  n.承租人;租户;房客
英义
A tenant is someone who pays rent for the place they live in, or for land or buildings that they use.
例句
Regulations placed clear obligations on the landlord for the benefit of the tenant…
为维护房客的利益，条例明确规定了房东负有的各项义务。
 
unharness   v.卸下马具
例句
she had unharnessed him and crawled, sodden with fatigue, into the back of the wagon and stretched her aching legs.
她只得把马卸下，浑身疲乏地爬进车的后部，伸着两条酸疼的腿躺了下来。
 
rage  n.狂怒；盛怒
英义
Rage is strong anger that is difficult to control.
例句
I flew into a rage…
我勃然大怒。
 
🔥重点表达
永远的憧憬和追求Everlasting Dream and Pursuit
生在一个小地主的家里was born into a petty Landlord family
在一个小县城里in a remote county town
有四个月for as long as one third of a year
为着贪婪driven by avarice
对待……都是同样的吝啬而疏远，甚至于无情treat… with meanness and indifference, not to say with ruthlessness
强行 by force 
起着终夜的争吵 touch off a night-long quarrel 
跪了下来dropping to their knees
哭诉他们的困难tearfully related their troubles
棕色的马chestnut horses
对A算不了什么，但是B的命根 mean nothing to A,but everything to B
越来越坏，每况日下 go from bad to worse
他就要骂到使人发抖的程度send him into such a violent rage that we all shivered with fear
眼睛也转了弯have his eyes directed sideways
像自己的身上生了针剌一样 feel like being pricked all over on thorns
斜视着你looked askance at me
高傲的眼光从鼻梁经过嘴角而后往下流着superciliousness gushed from his eyes down the bridge of his nose and then off the corners of his mouth
每每在大雪中的黄昏里Often of a snowy evening
暖炉 a heating stove
从黄昏到深夜from dusk till late into the night 
面向着窗子stay gazing out of the window
像伴奏乐器似的振动着rattling like a musical instrument playing an accompaniment
长大就好了You’ll be all right after you’ve grown up.
在二十岁at twenty
在某人二十多岁的时候 in one’s twenties
过着流浪的生活live the life of a vagrant
除了 apart from
待在……身边 hang around/about
 
🔥复盘测试
永远的憧憬和追求
生在一个小地主的家里
在一个小县城里
有四个月
为着贪婪
对待……都是同样的吝啬而疏远，甚至于无情
强行
起着终夜的争吵
跪了下来
哭诉他们的困难
棕色的马
对A算不了什么，但是B的命根
越来越坏，每况日下
他就要骂到使人发抖的程度
眼睛也转了弯
像自己的身上生了针剌一样
斜视着你
高傲的眼光从鼻梁经过嘴角而后往下流着每每在大雪中的黄昏里
暖炉
从黄昏到深夜
面向着窗子
像伴奏乐器似的振动着
长大就好了
在二十岁
在某人二十多岁的时候
过着流浪的生活
除了
待在……身边
🔥表达对比
「勃然大怒」有多少种表达？
 
当约翰发现他妻子不等他就外出时，便莫名奇妙地「勃然大怒」并且砸坏了家具。
When John found that his wife had gone out without waiting for him, he got into a blind fury and smashed the furniture up.
 
当他得知妻子有外遇时，他「勃然大怒」。
When he knew his wife had an affair with others, he flew off the handle.
 
玛丽看到孩子们在取笑那位残废的女孩时，「勃然大怒」。
It made Mary’s blood boil to see the children make fun of the crippled girl.
 
天神终于知道了事情的真相，「勃然大怒」。
Knew the truth of the thing at last, the Sky God flew into a rage.
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