《谈结婚 --郁达夫 》 -英语翻译技巧与实例-英汉互译实用教程

谈结婚 –郁达夫

A Chat about Marriage –Yu Dafu
 
🔥背景知识:郁达夫,一生短暂,在恋爱与婚姻上有很多坎坷经历。小品文《谈结婚》寥寥数语,看似游戏笔墨,但庄谐并出,寓理于趣,感叹人生多苦难,对现实百态深表不满。
 
前些日子,林语堂先生似乎曾说过女子的唯一事业,是在结婚,
The other day, Mr. Lin Yutang said something to the effect that women’s only career lies in matrimony.
🎈前些日子,前几天 the other day
🎈“似乎曾说过……”意即“说过一些话,大意是……”,译为said something to the effect that…,其中to the effect that…作“大意是……”解。
🎈lie in 在于,处于,是
例句
The course of history lies in the balance. 
历史的发展来到紧急关头。
 

现在一位法国大文豪来沪,对去访问他的新闻记者的谈话之中,又似乎说,男子欲成事业,应该不要结婚。
Now, an eminent French writer declared at a press interview after arriving in Shanghai that men should stay bachelors if they want to achieve success in life. 
🎈at a press interview 新闻访谈
🎈法国大文豪→著名的法国作家,现译作an eminent French writer
欲成事业→在生活中是成功人士,现译作achieve success in life
不要结婚→保持单身,现译作stay bachelors
🎈中文多短句,英文中长句子则相当多。这是两种语言之间最显著的区别之一,市面上分析英文长难句的课程资料一大把,却少见分析中文长难句的~就是这个道理。
 

华盛顿·欧文是一个独身的男子,但《见闻短记》里的一篇歌颂妻子的文章,却写的那么优美可爱。
Washington Irving was a confirmed bachelor, but in his Sketch Book there is an article extolling the wife as a graceful and lovely life-long partner.
🎈“华盛顿·欧文”是美国作家Washington Irving (1783-1859)。《见闻短记》(Sketch Book)为其著名代表作。
🎈“一篇歌颂妻子的文章”的篇名为The Wife。 
 

同样查而斯·兰姆也是独身的男子,而爱丽亚的《独身者的不平》一篇,又冷嘲热讽,将结婚的男女和婚后必然的果子——小孩们——等,俏皮到了那一步田地。 
Charles Lamb, also a single man, in A Bachelor’s Complaint of the Behaviour of Married People, one of his essays signed “Elia”, speaks mockingly of married people with their inevitable postnuptial fruits—the children. 
🎈“查而斯·兰姆”是英国散文家Charles Lamb (1775-1834)。笔名爱丽亚(alia),著有《爱丽亚散文集》(Essays of Alia)。 
🎈“《独身者的不平》”指《爱丽亚散文集》中的一篇。 
🎈对……冷嘲热讽speak mockingly of
🎈a single man和one of his essays signed “Elia”是同位语。
 

究竟是结婚的好呢,还是不结婚的好?这问题似乎同先有鸡还是先有鸡蛋一样,常常有人提起,而也常常没有人解决过的问题。
Marriage or no marriage, which is more desirable? That sounds like the chicken-and- egg question, which, though often discussed, remains a perpetual puzzle.
🎈看到“Marriage or no marriage”,大家有没有想到莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》中的名句“To be or not to be, that is a question. ”「活着还是死去(生存还是毁灭),这是一个问题」?
🎈“这个问题似乎同先有鸡呢还是先有鸡蛋一样”译为That sounds like the chicken-and-egg question,其中chicken-and-egg(或chicken and egg )是成语,作“鸡与蛋孰先难定或“因果难定”解。
🎈“常常没有人解决过的问题”可译为has never been resolved,现译为remains a perpetual puzzle,变反说为正说。
🎈“though often discussed”:在以if, when, though, although, as, as if等连词引导的从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句谓语中含有be动词,可将主语和动词be省掉。
 

照大体看来,想租房子的时候,是无眷莫问的,想做官的时候,又是朝里无裙莫做官的,想写文章的时候,是独身者不能写我的妻的,凡此种种似乎都是结婚的好。
Generally speaking, one who has no family dependants is not supposed to rent a house, one who has no petticoat influence in the government should refrain from becoming an official, an unmarried male writer is in no position to writer about “my wife”. All these seem to hint at the advantage of marriage.
🎈照大体看来 Generally speaking
🎈“朝里无裙莫做官,兜里无银莫进城”,这是一句民间流传的俗语,作者不可考,意思是:没有后台就不要去做官,口袋里没钱就不要进城消费。“裙”指“裙带关系”意即“藉以相互依靠的姻亲关系”,现译为petticoat influence。此外,“莫做官”是refrain from becoming an official,积累refrain from表否定意义的表达。
🎈“独身者”指“独身男作家”,故译为an unmarried male writer。
🎈凡此种种似乎都是结婚的好。→凡此种种都在暗示结婚的好处,现译为All these seem to hint at the advantage of marriage.其中,hint at意为暗示。
🎈翻译时补充出主语为one(who)…
 

可是要想结婚,第一要有钱,第二要有闲,第三要有职,这潘驴……的五个条件,却也很不容易办到。
But, to get married, you need to have five perquisites, namely, money, leisure, employment, good looks and potentness, of which all are not always available.
🎈“潘驴”源自《金瓶梅》第三回,指“潘安的貌”和“驴大行货”,在文中分别指第四、第五两个条件。现分别译为gook looks和potentness。 
 
🎈潘驴邓小闲:
潘驴邓小闲,古书中比喻男人“捱光”的五个条件。现指男人吸引女人的五大要素,或指男人追女人需具备的五个条件。就是说像潘安一样美感,像驴一样性能力很强,钱多得跟汉代大富翁邓通似的,还要小心翼翼地呵护女人,对她们体贴有加,有较多的时间陪着女人的男人。
潘驴邓小闲不是一个人,最初出自帮西门庆牵线的王婆:“大官人,你听我说,但凡(捱光)的两个字最难,要五件事俱全,方才行得。第一件,潘安的貌,第二件,驴儿大的行货,第三件,似邓通有钱,第四件,小,就要绵里针忍耐,第五件,要有闲工夫。”
1.“潘”即潘安的相貌,古代一帅男也。
2.“驴”指驴的性能力很强。
3.“邓”为邓通,西汉人,有一天这厮对文帝说算命先生对他讲,他这辈子会饿死,文帝就让他“铸天下钱”,即西汉时期的中国人民银行行长,于是他成了比陶朱公还有财的人。
4.“小”是乖巧的意思,就是说要讨女人欢心,至少脾气要好,抗击打能力要强,能够在家庭暴力中扮演受虐者角色。
5.“闲”就是有闲功夫,泡妞不但要有财,还要有时间的。
🎈“却也很不易办到”意即“却也不易都具备”,译为of which all are not always available,等于of which not all are always available。 
Q:“of which all are not always available”中为什么用which,不用them?
🎈of which和of them的区别主要在于:of which是在从句中,即前面一句是主句,后面也是一个句子,前后以逗号连接。用of which引导的后面的句子是非限制性定语从句,可以是some of which, many of which, all of which, one of which等。举个例子:There were two small rooms in this flat, the smaller of which served as the kitchen。而of them前后两个句子之间以句号连接。
 

更何况结婚之后,“儿子自己要来”, 
What is more, after your marriage, your offspring will come to this world of themselves.
🎈“儿子自己要来”译为your offspring will come to this world of themselves,其中短语of themselves和automatically同义。 此处“儿子”并非单指儿子,而是泛指后代,故译为offspring。
Q: 关于此处of themselves的用法
🎈我自己译的话,肯定会选用介词by而不是of。(by themselves靠他们自己,单独地,独自地(作状语)[by oneself=on one’s own=alone])。网上也鲜少查到有类似此处of+反身代词的用法,如有其他看法,欢迎评论区交流吖!
 

在这世界人口过剩,经济恐慌,教育破产,世风不古的时候,万一不慎,同兰姆所说的一样,儿子们去上了断头台,
And in a world with overpopulation, economic crisis, educational bankruptcy and deteriorating public morals, they may, just as Charles Lamb says, through their own acts of indiscretion, be sent to the gallows.
🎈世风不古:社会风气不像古时那样朴实淳厚了。即社会风气、道德败坏。deteriorating adj.变坏的,恶化的,衰退的;其动词形式为deteriorate。
🎈同……所说的一样 as sb. says
🎈“走上了断头台”,本可译为be sent to the guillotine,但因兰姆文中说的绞刑架,故译为be sent to the gallows。 
🎈indiscretion是discretion「谨慎」的反义词。through短语在句中表方式。
 

那真是连祖宗三代的楣都要倒尽,那里还有什么“官人请!娘子请!”的唱随之乐可说呢? 
With such a terrible misfortune befalling your family, how could you still have wedded bliss to speak of? 
🎈“连祖宗三代的楣都要倒尽”中,“楣”同“霉”,是倒了八辈子血霉的意思,即是极大的不幸,故译为such a terrible misfortune befalling your family。其中,befall指不幸或不好的事降临到…头上,发生在…身上E.g. the disaster that befell the island of Flores降临到弗洛里斯岛的灾难。
🎈“‘官人请!娘子请!’的唱随之乐”不宜逐字直译,现意译为wedded bliss(闺房之乐),简单明了。
 

左思右想,总觉得结婚也不好的,不结婚也是不好的。
Thinking the matter over and over again, I cannot but come to the conclusion that neither matrimony nor bachelorship has anything to recommend itself. 
🎈左思右想→想过来想过去,一遍遍想,所以译为Thinking the matter over and over again
🎈总觉得→只觉得→只能得出这样的结论,现译为cannot but come to the conclusion that。but是adv.,表示“仅仅,只,才”,与only同义。
🎈“结婚也不好的,不结婚也是不好的”中,不结婚即为单身,和结婚相对,故译为bachelorship。译文灵活采用neither…nor…的结构表示“A与B兼不好。”
 
🎈否定转移:是指否定形式在谓语动词,而否定的信息焦点却在状语和表语,或否定形式在主句,而否定的信息焦点却在从句。这是英语的一种习惯思维方法,与汉语不同,应予注意。
🔥必背词汇
matrimony   un.婚姻
英义
Matrimony is marriage.
例句
the bonds of matrimony
婚姻的纽带
 
eminent  adj.(尤指因专业出众而)著名的,受尊敬的,有声望的
英义
An eminent person is well-known and respected, especially because they are good at their profession. 
例句
an eminent scientist
著名科学家
 
declare   v.宣称,声称,表明
英义
If you declare that something is true, you say that it is true in a firm, deliberate way. You can also declare an attitude or intention.
例句
He declared his intention to become the best golfer in the world…
他表明自己想要成为世界上最好的高尔夫球选手。
 
confirmed   adj.坚定的;根深蒂固的
英义
You use confirmed to describe someone who has a particular habit or belief that they are very unlikely to change. 
例句
Leonard, a confirmed atheist, simply could not understand.
伦纳德这位坚定的无神论者实在是无法理解。
 
inevitable    adj.不可避免的;无法规避的;必然(发生)的
英义
If something is inevitable, it is certain to happen and cannot be prevented or avoided.
例句
The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.
战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。
 
postnuptial   adj.婚后的
例句
She is one of many women who have experienced postnuptial depression.
她是众多经历过婚后忧郁症的女性之一。
 
desirable    adj.值得想望或拥有的;合意的;可取的;受欢迎的
英义
Something that is desirable is worth having or doing because it is useful, necessary, or popular.
例句
Prolonged negotiation was not desirable
拖长了的谈判并不是大家所想要的。
 
dependant=dependent  n.子女等受抚养者,家属,家眷;
英义
Your dependants are the people you support financially, such as your children. 
例句
The British Legion raises funds to help ex-service personnel and their dependants.
英国退伍军人协会筹集款项帮助退役人员和他们的家属。
 
bancruptcy   n.破产;倒闭
英义
Bankruptcy is the state of being bankrupt. 
例句
It is the second airline in two months to file for bankruptcy.
这是两个月内第二家申请破产的航空公司。
 
deteriorate    v.恶化;变坏;衰退
英义
If something deteriorates, it becomes worse in some way.
例句
The weather conditions are deteriorating.
天气变得越来越糟。
 
🔥重点表达
前些日子,前几天 the other day
似乎曾说过……said something to the effect that…
大意是……to the effect that…
在于 lie in
谈结婚  A Chat about Marriage
新闻访谈at a press interview 
法国大文豪an eminent French writer
欲成事业achieve success in life
不要结婚stay bachelors
一个独身的男子 a confirmed bachelor/a single man
对……冷嘲热讽speak mockingly of
同先有鸡还是先有鸡蛋一样 sounds like the chicken-and- egg question
常常没有人解决过的问题 remains a perpetual puzzle
照大体看来 Generally speaking
裙带关系petticoat influence
莫做官refrain from becoming an official
独身者an unmarried male writer
凡此种种似乎都是结婚的好 All these seem to hint at the advantage of marriage.
儿子自己要来your offspring will come to this world of themselves
世界人口过剩in a world with overpopulation
经济恐慌economic crisis
教育破产educational bankruptcy 
世风不古deteriorating public morals
走上了断头台 be sent to the guillotine
连祖宗三代的楣都要倒尽such a terrible misfortune befalling your family
总觉得cannot but come to the conclusion that
是好的 has anything to recommend itself
同……说的一样 as … says
 
🔥复盘测试
前些日子,前几天 
似乎曾说过……
大意是……
在于
谈结婚  
新闻访谈
法国大文豪
欲成事业
不要结婚
一个独身的男子
对……冷嘲热讽
同先有鸡还是先有鸡蛋一样
常常没有人解决过的问题
照大体看来
裙带关系
莫做官
独身者
凡此种种似乎都是结婚的好
儿子自己要来
世界人口过剩
经济恐慌
教育破产
世风不古
走上了断头台
连祖宗三代的楣都要倒尽
总觉得
是好的
同……说的一样
 
🔥表达对比
「裙带关系」有几种表达方式?
 
朝里无「裙」莫做官。
one who has no petticoat influence in the government should refrain from becoming an official
 
检查站林立,长老们权力好像在渐失,他们紧紧依赖「地域和裙带关系」解决纠纷。
Checkpoints are everywhere. Elders seem to be losing authority; they stick to resolving disputes over land and marriage.
 
它打破了「裙带关系」,在过去两年里清退了“数以千计”的冗员。
It cracked down on nepotism, resulting in “thousands” of dismissals over the past two years.
 
在乌兹别克斯坦的政治世界里,「家庭裙带关系」从来不是什么秘密。
In the world of Uzbek politics, family ties are never far from the surface.
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