《恋爱不是游戏 --庐隐 》 -英语翻译技巧与实例-英汉互译实用教程

恋爱不是游戏 –庐隐

Love is Not a Game –Lu Yin 
 
🔥背景知识: 女作家庐隐(1898-1934),福建闽侯人,早期与冰心齐名。她的杂文短小精悍,直爽坦率,笔锋锐利,在这篇《恋爱不是游戏》中也有所反映。
 
没有在浮沉的人海中,翻过筋斗的和尚,不能算善知识;
A Buddhist monk without having experienced ups and downs in the sea of mortals will have no claim to true wisdom. 
Q:monk不是“和尚”的意思吗?为何还要多此一举加个Buddhist?
🎈monk表示「僧侣,修道士」,英文解释:A monk is a member of a male religious community that is usually separated from the outside world.。并不是专指文中所说的佛教僧侣。故此处「和尚」译作A Buddhist monk。
🎈 “浮沉的人海中”译为ups and downs in the sea of mortals,其中ups and downs意同vicissitudes(兴败、盛衰);the sea of mortals意同the sea of the living。 
🎈“不能算善知识”意即“没有资格称为智者”,现译为will have no claim to true wisdom,其中have no claim to本作“对……没有提出要求的权利”解,现作“没有资格称为……”解。此句也可译为will have no true wisdom to speak of,但与原意稍有出入。
 

没有受过恋爱洗礼的人生,不能算真人生。
Likewise, one who has never gone through the baptism of romantic love will have little genuine knowledge of life. 
🎈增译likewise(同样),逻辑更顺畅,句子衔接也更自然。
🎈“……的人”可用 “one/those who……”的结构。
🎈love泛指各种爱,故“恋爱”译为romantic love
🎈不能算真人生→对真正的人生知之甚少,故译为have little genuine knowledge of life。此处,原本修饰「人生」的「真」转移到了「知识」上,即genuine knowledge of life。
 

和尚最大的努力,是否认现世而求未来的涅槃,但他若不曾了解现世,他又怎能勘破现世,而跳出三界外呢?
Buddhist monks exert every effort to renounce this life in favour of future nirvana. But, without a full knowledge of this life, how could they see through the vanity of human society and make a clean break with this mortal world? 
🎈最大的努力→拼尽全力,现译为exert every effort to
🎈 in favour of (舍弃某物) 宁愿选择; 选…(而不选…); 支持; 赞成;
🎈“涅槃”指信佛教者经过长期“修道”所达到的最高境界。后世也称僧人逝世为“涅槃”(又称“入灭”或“圆寂”)。英语称之为nirvana,源于梵文。 
例句
Finally, all phoenixes risen from the ashes.
最终,我们都凤凰涅槃了。
🎈how could表“岂能……” 
🎈「勘破现世」意同「看破红尘」现译为see through the vanity of human society。 
🎈“跳出三界”中的“三界”也是佛教用语,指“众生所住的世界”。现按“与现世一刀两断(断的干干净净)”的意思把“跳出三界”译为make a clean break with this mortal world。
 

而恋爱是人类生活的中心,孟子说:“食色性也。”所谓恋爱正是天赋之本能;
Romantic love is the core of human life. Mencius says, “The desire for food and sex is nature.” In other words, love is innate.
🎈人类生活的中心→「中心」实指「核心」,center侧重空间位置,所以不建议选用center。
middle, centre, heart, core, eye的区别
center 
指三维空间的中心点,也可比喻抽象事物的中心。
There was a large table in the centre of the room.
屋子中央有张大桌子。
middle 
一般指时间、空间或过程两端间等距的部分。
This is my class photo – I’m the one in the middle.
这是我的全班合影——中间的那个是我。
heart 
指事物最内部或最重要的部分,表地理位置时可与center换用。
The demonstrators will march through the heart of the capital.
示威者将游行穿过首都的中心地区。
core
指某事物固定的中心部分或最重要的核心部分。比喻意义指某物的精华。
The lack of government funding is at the core of the problem.
缺乏政府拨款是问题的关键所在。
midst
书面语用词,指在一个群体的深处或在某活动的进程中。
She caught sight of Johnny in their midst (= among them), laughing and talking.
🎈 “食色性也” 食语出《孟子·告子上》,本意实为:喜欢美好的事物是人的本性。色字在春秋战国时期本没有性的意思~直到唐朝《心经》里“色即是空”也不是情色的意思。这个词真正的含义要看上下文。本句中理解为字面意思:追求“食”和“性”是人的本能。
🎈所谓恋爱正是天赋之本能→也就是说,恋爱是天赋/本能,故译为In other words, love is innate。
 

如一生不了解恋爱的人,他又何能了解整个人生?
If one remains a lifelong stranger to love, how can he thoroughly understand life? 
🎈一生不了解恋爱→一生都和恋爱保持「陌生人」关系,故译为remains a lifelong stranger to love。
🎈了解整个人生→完整地/彻底地了解人生,现译为thoroughly understand life。如译作understand the entire life也可以。
 

所以凡事都从学习而知而能,只有恋爱用不着学习,只要到了相当的年龄,碰到合适的机会,他和她便会莫名其妙地恋爱起来。
Man becomes capable through learning. But love is an exception. Boy and girl, when they are of age and meet at an opportune moment, will become mysteriously attached to each other. 
🎈 所以凡事都从学习而知而能→凡事通过学习都可以知晓、通晓→人是通过学习了解事情、提高能力的,现译为Man becomes capable through learning.注意主语的补充和选择。
🎈 “他和她”巧妙地译为了“Boy and girl”, Boy and girl是they的同位语。
🎈be of age成年
by the age of 到…年龄
at the age of adv.在…岁
in the age of 在….的时代
for age 永久地,永远地
for an age 很长的时间, 很久
of age 成年,到了法定年龄
with age 因年老,因年久
be of an age 达到(做某事)年龄 同岁
 

恋爱人人都会,可是不见得人人都懂,世俗大半以性欲伪充恋爱,以游戏的态度处置恋爱,于是我们时刻可看到因恋爱而不幸的记载。
Though people love by instinct, yet all cannot understand it correctly. More often than not, love is but carnal desire in disguise and is treated as a mere game. That is why we so often hear tragic stories of love. 
🎈 though不能与but连用,但可与yet连用。
🎈「恋爱人人都会」意即「恋爱出于本能」,故译为People love by instinct。
🎈「可是不见的人人都懂」译为yet all cannot understand it correctly,等于yet not all can understand I correctly。此处「懂」译作understand it correctly,比单纯一个know要精准丰满。
🎈More often than not意为「总是;经常;在大多情况下」。
例句
More often than not, those are dangerous criminals.
在大多数情况下,他们是危险的罪犯。
🎈世俗大半以性欲伪充恋爱,以游戏的态度处置恋爱→(世间)恋爱往往披着“性欲”的皮,且只是被人当做一场游戏,故译为love is but carnal desire in disguise and is treated as a mere game。此处,but作副词,仅仅;只;才;But is used to mean ‘only’。
例句
This is but one of the methods used to try and get alcoholics to give up drink.
这只是为让那些酗酒者戒酒所尝试的方法之一。
🎈so修饰often,起到积极的效果。即「时刻」译成了so often。
 

实在的恋爱绝不是游戏,也绝不是堕落的人生所能体验出其价值的,它具有引人向上的鞭策力,它也具有伟大无私的至上情操,它更是美丽的象征。
True love is not a game. Nor can its true value be appreciated by the morally degenerate. True love spurs one on to higher attainment. It embodies the supreme quality of selflessness, and is, above all, symbolic of beauty. 
🎈nor can its true value…否定词及含有否定意义的词在句首,句子要部分倒装。nor后面的倒装句的结构为:nor+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语动词+其他部分。
🎈“体验出其价值”译作value be appreciated by,此处体验不可译成experience,注意搭配问题。
🎈从整个句子来看,“堕落的人生”可理解成“(道德上)堕落的人”,故译作the morally degenerate。其中包括the+ adj.结构表示一类人,morally修饰degenerate。
🎈“具有引人向上的鞭策力”,将名词「鞭策力」转化成了动词「鞭策」spur,译作 spurs one on to higher attainment。
例句
Her difficult childhood spurred her on to succeed. 
童年的困苦促使她走向成功。
🎈情操,是指由感情和思想综合起来的,不轻易改变的心理状态。以某一或某类事物为中心的一种复杂的、有组织的情感倾向。可大概理解成:优良的品性。quality表示「优秀品质,品德」,英文释义:Someone’s qualities are the good characteristics that they have which are part of their nature.所以把“情操”一词用quality表达是可以的。如果大家有其他译法,请自行查阅词典,进行词义比较。
🎈above all 最重要的是 
例句
He looks mildly interested, but above all, polite.
他看起来有点感兴趣,但最重要的是,彬彬有礼。
 

在一双男女正纯洁热爱着的时候,他和她内心充实着惊人的力量;
When a man and woman are deeply immersed in true love, they are full of amazing inner strength.
🎈内心充实着惊人的力量→将“内心”地点状语处理成了adj. inner,更为简洁。
 

他们的灵魂是从万有的束缚中,得到了自由,不怕威胁,不为利诱,他们是超越了现实,而创造他们理想的乐园。
Their souls are freed from all bondage. They are unyielding before threats and incorruptible before any promise of material gain. They transcend the reality to create an ideal paradise of their own. 
🎈不怕威胁,不为利诱→在危险面前不屈服,在利益面前不起贪心,故译为are unyielding before threats and incorruptible before any promise of material gain。
🎈此处“乐园”一词更近似“天堂,伊甸园”,千万别译成park。
 

不幸物欲充塞的现世界,这种恋爱的光辉,有如萤火之微弱,而且“恋爱”有时适成为无知男女堕落之阶,
Unfortunately, in this present world overflowing with material desires, this kind of true love is as rare as the feeble light of fireflies. What is more, “love” sometimes even leads to moral degeneration on the part of ignorant men and women.
🎈overflowing with material desires 是the present world的后置定语。
🎈 汉译英的增减词:“恋爱的光辉”=“恋爱”即可,何况是与萤火作比较,自然是亮度或光芒的比较,不需译出“光辉”。而我们看译文处理,则是把这句话理解成了:比「弱」暗淡的萤火还要「微」少。所以更不需要译出「光辉」了。
🎈成为无知男女堕落之阶→导致无知男女堕落,直接译作lead to。如译出ladder也是可以的。
🎈on the part of 就……而言;对……而言;由……所作出。
例句
This bill is not a compromise but a full-fledged capitulation on the part of the legislative branch to executive claims of power. 
这个法案,并不是个妥协的产物,而是立法部门对行政部门抓权要求的全面投降。
中义
on the part of后的名词如果该名词是不定指的,或是这个所有主或主体在文字上比较长,或者虽然短但需要突出,则可以采取on the part of的形式。
 

使维纳斯不禁深深地叹息:“自从世界人群趋向灭亡之途,恋爱变成了游戏,哀哉!” 
Over this, Venus cannot help lamenting with a deep sigh, “Love has become a mere game ever since humanity set out on its way to extinction. O what a sad story!” 
🎈增译 Over this, 对此。使译文更流畅连贯。
🎈维纳斯是美与爱的女神
🎈cannot/can’t help doing sth.不禁/忍不住。注意,没有can not的形式,否则算书写错误。
🎈译文以lament一词表示维纳斯的痛惜情绪,将“深深地叹息”译为lamenting with a deep sigh,使文章感情色彩更饱满。
🎈ever since和since的区别:
一、指代不同
1、ever since:打…以后。
2、since:从…以来。
二、用法不同
1、ever since:since用作连词作“自从…以来〔以后或,现在〕”解时,引导时间状语从句,在主句是现在完成时的情况下,如果since从句中谓语动词用一般过去时,则表示动作或状态的完成,计时的起点是动作或状态完成的那一时刻。
2、since:since用作介词的意思是“从…以来,自从…之后”,其宾语常指过去的一个时间点,其含意通常指持续到说话时刻的动作或情况开始于什么时候。since之后常接名词、动名词作其宾语,since then意为“从那以后”。
三、侧重点不同
1、ever since:侧重于指从某个时间后一直持续。
2、since:侧重于只是陈述从某时以后。
🎈趋向灭亡之途→开始启程走上灭亡之途,故译作set out on its way to extinction。set out为「出发,启程」之意。
 
🔥必背词汇
lament     v.为…悲痛;哀叹;痛惜
英义
If you lament something, you express your sadness, regret, or disappointment about it.
例句
Ken began to lament the death of his only son…
肯开始对独子的死悲痛不已。
 
feeble    adj.虚弱的;微弱的;无力的
英义
If you describe someone or something as feeble, you mean that they are weak.
例句
the feeble light of a tin lamp.
锡灯微弱的光线
 
unyielding   adj.百折不回的;不屈不挠的;坚定不移的
英义
You describe someone as unyielding when they have very strong, fixed ideas about something and are unlikely to change their mind.
例句
His unyielding attitude on this subject was that since he had done it, so could everyone.
在这件事上他态度很坚决:既然他做到了,别人也能做到。
 
incorruptible   adj.不动摇的;不受腐蚀的
英义
If you describe someone as incorruptible, you approve of the fact that they cannot be persuaded or paid to do things that they should not do.
例句
He was a sound businessman, totally reliable and incorruptible.
他是个正直的商人,完全可靠,不会被收买。
 
immerse    v.使沉浸于;使专心于;使深陷于
英义
If you immerse yourself in something that you are doing, you become completely involved in it.
例句
Since then I’ve lived alone and immersed myself in my career.
自那以后,我一直一个人生活,全身心投入我的事业当中。
 
degenerate    v.恶化;变糟;衰退;堕落
英义
If you say that someone or something degenerates, you mean that they become worse in some way, for example weaker, lower in quality, or more dangerous.
例句
a very serious humanitarian crisis which could degenerate into a catastrophe
一场非常严重的、可能演变成灾难的人道主义危机
 
carnal   adj.(感情或欲望)肉欲的,肉体的,性欲的
英义
Carnal feelings and desires are sexual and physical, without any spiritual element.
例句
Their ruling passion is that of carnal love.
他们现在情欲正盛。
 
innate   adj.天生的;天然的;固有的
英义
An innate quality or ability is one which a person is born with.
Americans have an innate sense of fairness.
美国人有一种天生的公平观。
例句
a society in which individuals could develop their innate abilities and capacities
个人可以发挥其天生才干和能力的社会
 
🔥重点表达
不能算善知识will have no claim to true wisdom
受过恋爱洗礼gone through the baptism of romantic love
不能算真人生will have little genuine knowledge of life
最大的努力exert every effort to
否认现世而求未来的涅槃renounce this life in favour of future nirvana
勘破现世see through the vanity of human society
跳出三界外 make a clean break with this mortal world
人类生活的中心the core of human life
孟子Mencius
食色性也The desire for food and sex is nature.
所谓In other words
一生不了解恋爱remains a lifelong stranger to love
了解整个人生thoroughly understand life
凡事都从学习而知而能Man becomes capable through learning
成年be of age
到…年龄by the age of 
在…岁at the age of 
在….的时代in the age of 
永久地,永远地for age 
很长的时间, 很久for an age 
成年,到了法定年龄of age
因年老,因年久with age
达到(做某事)年龄 同岁be of an age 
恋爱人人都会People love by instinct
大半,总是;经常;在大多情况下More often than not
世俗大半以性欲伪充恋爱 love is but carnal desire in disguise
时刻可看到因恋爱而不幸的记载so often hear tragic stories of love
具有引人向上的鞭策力spurs one on to higher attainment
具有伟大无私的至上情操embodies the supreme quality of selflessness
是美丽的象征is symbolic of beauty
最重要的是above all
内心充实着惊人的力量are full of amazing inner strength
从万有的束缚中得到了自由are freed from all bondage
不怕威胁are unyielding before threats
不为利诱are incorruptible before any promise of material gain
理想的乐园an ideal paradise
物欲充塞的现世界in this present world overflowing with material desires
如萤火之微弱as rare as the feeble light of fireflies
成为无知男女堕落之阶leads to moral degeneration on the part of ignorant men and women
不禁深深地叹息cannot help lamenting with a deep sigh
自从世界人群趋向灭亡之途ever since humanity set out on its way to extinction
哀哉O what a sad story!
 
🔥复盘测试
不能算善知识
受过恋爱洗礼
不能算真人生
最大的努力
否认现世而求未来的涅槃
勘破现世
跳出三界外
人类生活的中心
孟子
食色性也
所谓
一生不了解恋爱
了解整个人生
凡事都从学习而知而能
成年
到…年龄 
在…岁 
在….的时代 
永久地,永远地 
很长的时间, 很久 
成年,到了法定年龄
因年老,因年久
达到(做某事)年龄 同岁 
恋爱人人都会
大半,总是;经常;在大多情况下
世俗大半以性欲伪充恋爱
时刻可看到因恋爱而不幸的记载
具有引人向上的鞭策力
具有伟大无私的至上情操
是美丽的象征
最重要的是
内心充实着惊人的力量
从万有的束缚中得到了自由
不怕威胁
不为利诱
理想的乐园
物欲充塞的现世界
如萤火之微弱
成为无知男女堕落之阶
不禁深深地叹息
自从世界人群趋向灭亡之途
哀哉
 
🔥表达对比
「恋爱」有几种表达方式
 
只要到了相当的年龄,碰到合适的机会,他和她便会莫名其妙地「恋爱」起来。
Boy and girl, when they are of age and meet at an opportune moment, will become mysteriously attached to each other
 
就在那天我「恋爱」了。
That was the day when I fell in love.
你跟他是「在恋爱」,但你不是他的陪护。
You were romantically involved; you just weren’t his companion.
 
我们「深爱」着彼此。
We fell head over heels for each other. 
别担心,不过是「少男少女之间的短暂迷恋」而已。
Don’t worry, it’s only puppy love
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