If I Were King –Nie Gannu 🔥背景知识：《我若为王》是中国现代杰出杂文家聂绀弩（1903－1986）写于1941年的一篇杂文，文字通俗易懂，内容讽刺辛辣，流露了对专制统治者和奴才的蔑视。 在电影刊物上看见一个影片的名字：《我若为王》。从这影片的名字，我想到和影片毫无关系的另外的事。Recently in a movie magazine I came across the title of a film: If I Were King. It has put me in mind of something entirely foreign to film in question.🎈came across表示“偶然遇到，碰巧看到”🎈 「我若为王」译为If I Were King，其中King的前面省略了冠词a，在职位、头衔、等级等的名词前面大多不用冠词或an。 🎈使我想到……It has put me in mind of🎈「和影片毫无关系的另外的事」译为something entirely foreign to the film in question ，其中foreign to为成语，作having no relation to 或unconnected with解。in question 是添加成分，作being talked about（正被讨论的）解。我想，自己如果作了王，这世界会成为一种怎样的光景呢？这自然是一种完全可笑的幻想，我根本不想作王，也根本看不起王，王是什么东西呢？I wonder what would become of this world if I myself were king. This is of course a ridiculous fancy, for being a king is the last thing I aspire to and also a thing I utterly despise. What the hell is a king? 🎈如果…，……会变成怎样？What would become of…if…？此处对应译文涉及if非真实条件句中的虚拟语气：与现在事实相反-条件从句谓语动词形式是动词过去式（be用were），主句谓语动词形式should/would/could/might+动词原形。🎈“我根本不想为王”译为being a king is the last thing I aspire to，其中last 一词作least likely 或most unlikely（最不可能的）解。🎈hell常用于加强语气,如 Where the hell have you been hiding?你究竟躲到哪里去了?the hell是用来加强语气的，有「究竟、到底」的意思。例句Where the hell are you guys heading for?这些人到底上哪儿去啊?类似on earth例句But what on earth was it doing?它到底在干啥呢？难道我脑中还有如此封建的残物么？而且真想作王的人，他将用他的手去打天下，决不会放在口里说的。How can I still be so feudalistic in my mind? Moreover, if one is really bent on being a king, he will try to carry out his design by deeds instead of by words.🎈脑中有如此封建的残物→思想如此封建，「封建残物」名词转化为 「封建的」形容词，译作so feudalistic in my mind。🎈be bent on一心，专心致志于，决心要例句Have you ever been so bent on someone, that you just have your heart ripped out by them? 你尝试过如此爱某人，恨不得对他们掏心挖肺的？🎈努力做try to do 尝试做try doing🎈事实胜于雄辩Facts/Actions speak louder than words.🎈此处design作「计划，打算，意图，企图」解。但是假定又假定，我若为王，这个世界会成为一种怎样的光景？我若为王，自然我的妻就是王后了。But, to put it hypothetically, suppose I were king, what would this world look like? If I were king, my wife would of course be queen. 🎈hypothetically意为「假设地」，to put it hypothetically为独立不定式。🎈suppose表示“假设”时用虚拟语气。我的妻的德性，我不怀疑，为王后只会有余的。但纵然没有任何德性，纵然不过是个娼妓，那时候，她也仍旧是王后。With all her moral excellence, of which I make no doubt, she would be more than qualified for being a queen. But even if she had no virtue to speak of, or were just a whore, she would be queen all the same. 🎈德性：道德品性。指人的自然至诚之性。现译作moral excellence「品德上的优点」🎈 “of which I make no doubt”, which引导非限制性定语从句，此时非限制性定语从句的先行词为整个主句。这句话其实是I make no doubt （of which）🎈关于more than+ adj.，《故都的秋》中有一句：梧桐一叶而天下知秋a single fallen leaf from the wutong tree is more than enough to inform the world of autumn’s presence.🎈没有任何德性→没有任何可以谈起的德性，现译为had no virtue to speak of。🎈即使这样，仍然 all the same。例句All the same, more could be done.即使这样，也并非无可作为。一个王后是如何地尊贵呀，会如何地被人们像捧着天上的星星一样捧来捧去呀，假如我能够想象，那一定是一件有趣的事情。Imagine how noble and dignified a queen would be and how people would keep lauding her to the skies like mad! It is indeed great fun for me to visualize all of this. 🎈「被人们像捧着天上的星星一样捧来捧去」译作people would keep lauding her to the skies like mad!。🎈laud sb. to the skies 把某人夸到天上🎈like mad 拼命地，全力以赴地例句If you do something like mad, you do it very energetically or enthusiastically.我若为王，我的儿子，假如我有儿子，就是太子或王子了。If I were king, my son, if any, would be crown prince or prince.🎈如果有的话 if any。例句You can tell them your questions, if any.如果有问题，你可以告诉他们。我并不以为我的儿子会是一无所知，一无所能的白痴，但纵然是一无所知一无所能的白痴，也仍旧是太子或王子。I don’t think my son will be ignorant or worthless in every way like an idiot. But, even if that were not the case, he would still be crown prince or prince.🎈「一无所知，一无所能的白痴」译为be ignorant or worthless in every way like an idiot，其中in every way作「完全」或「彻头彻尾」解，worthless「一无是处的，不中用的」例句You feel you really are completely worthless and unlovable.你会觉得自己真是毫无价值，一点也不讨人喜欢。🎈the case指my son won’t be ignorant or worthless in every way like an idiot。此处也可译为even if he were like that，…涉及think的否定转移；even if 引导让步状语从句，引导的从句是往往是假设性的，相当于汉语的「即使」「纵然」「就算」「哪怕」。正因为even if从句的内容通常是假设性的，所以有时还可用于虚拟语气。一个太子或王子是如何地尊贵呀，会如何被人们像捧天上的星星一样地捧来捧去呀。假如我能想象，倒是件不是没有趣味的事。Imagine how noble and dignified a crown prince or prince would be and how people would keep lauding him to the skies like mad! It is indeed great fun for me to visualize all of this.🎈此处句式与上文（王后）保持一致。🎈 It is indeed great fun for me变为it is indeed not uninteresting for me也可以。我若为王，我的女儿就是公主，我的亲眷都是皇亲国戚。If I were king, my daughters would be princesses, and my relatives by marriage would all become members of the royal family.🎈by marriage 与婚姻有关的marriage articles 婚姻契约propose marriage 求婚naked marriage裸婚 age for marriage 适婚年龄dissolution of marriage 解除婚姻关系conclusion of marriage 成婚, 完婚无论他们怎样丑陋，怎样顽劣，怎样……也会被人们像捧天上的星星一样地捧来捧去，因为她们是贵人。 No matter how ugly or perverse or whatnot they were, people would keep lauding them to the skies like mad just the same because they were dignitaries. 🎈“无论他们怎样丑陋，怎样顽劣，怎样……”中的最后一个“怎样”意即“诸如此类的事”或“等等”，现译为or whatnot。英语whatnot作other such things解，为what may I not say? 的省略。 🎈just the same 同样。在句中为副词词性，修饰laud…。🎈“妻为王后、儿子为太子或王子、女儿为公主”三处使用的句式大体保持一致。我若为王，我的姓名就会改作：“万岁”，我的每一句话都成为：“圣旨”。 If I were king, I would be addressed as “Your Majesty” and every word of mine would become a “royal edict”.🎈be addressed as 被称作。address有「给…冠以某种称呼」之意，常用搭配为address sb. as ….。🎈Your Majesty 作「陛下、殿下」讲。补充Majesty is an English word derived ultimately from the Latin maiestas, meaning greatness, and used as a style by many monarchs, usually kings or emperors.我的意欲，我的贪念，乃至每一个幻想，都可竭尽全体臣民的力量去实现，即使是无法实现的。All my subjects would leave no stone unturned to carry out every will, every avaricious desire and even every whim of mine, even though they were all beyond the possible.🎈此处subject取“（通常指君主制国家的）国民、臣民”之意，为可数名词。🎈to leave no stone unturned to do sth. 此习语出自一则希腊神话。一将军战败，将大量财宝藏于其营帐中。欲寻其财宝者众，觅得的神谕要他们将地上的每块石头都翻个遍。一般有两种含义，如下：①千方百计，竭尽所能，不遗余力，穷尽一切努力例句He left no stone unturned in his search for his natural mother.他竭尽所能寻找他的生母。②“认真彻底，一步不差地”完成某项任务例句I want to leave no stone unturned on this.不要漏掉任何细节。🎈beyond the possible 不可能beyond words不可描述我将没有任何过失，因为没有人敢说它是过失；我将没有任何罪行，因为没有人敢说它是罪行。I would do no wrong simply because no one dared to call it a wrong. I would commit no crime simply because no one dared to call it a crime.🎈wrong可作名词。🎈译文增译simply（because）：仅仅因为我是王，没有人敢指责我。🎈dare（敢）的两种用法其一dare用作情态动词，后跟动词原形，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。例句Dare you catch the mouse?你敢抓这只老鼠吗？其二dare用作实义动词，有人称和数及时态变化。其后的动词不定式可带to也可不带，一般肯定句中要有to，否定句和疑问句中可有可无。例句I dare to jump down from the top of the wall.我敢从墙头跳下来。🎈犯罪 commit a crime没有人敢呵斥我，指摘我，除非把我从王位上赶下来。但是赶下来，就是我不为王了。No one would dare to berate or find fault with me unless I was removed from the throne, which meant that I was no longer the king.🎈「但是赶下来，就是我不为王了」中「但是赶下来」并未字对字译出，而是用which引导的非限制性定语从句扩充了句子长度，译文更连贯。我将看见所有的人们在我面前低头，鞠躬，匍匐，连同我的尊长，我的师友，和从前曾在我面前昂头阔步耀武扬威的人们。I would see all people hang their heads, bow low or prostrate themselves at my feet, including my respected elders, teachers, friends and even those who had used to swagger arrogantly in front of me.🎈「匍匐」在此指俯伏或拜倒动作（表示顺从），现译为prostrate。文中「匍匐」即「伏倒在天子脚下」，故译为prostrate themselves at my feet。🎈正常结构应为I would see all people (including…) hang their heads…。此处，including介词短语作定语，为避免头重尾轻，放在了句末。我将看不见一个人的脸，所看见的只是他们的头顶或帽盔。I could see none of their faces; all I could see were the tops of their heads or the hats or helmets on their heads.🎈none of表否定意义。It’s none of your business.这不关你事/管好你自己或者所能看见的脸都是谄媚的，乞求的，快乐的时候不敢笑，不快乐的时候不敢不笑，悲戚的时候不敢哭，不悲戚的时候不敢不哭的脸。The only faces I could see would be ingratiating or supplicating — faces that dared not smile to express joy; faces that dared not refrain from a forced smile when there was no joy at all to justify a smile; faces that dared not cry to express sorrow; faces that dared not refrain from a feigned cry when there was no sorrow to justify a cry.🎈破折号后的成分起解释说明的作用。整个句子是总分结构：（总）脸都是谄媚的，乞求的——（分）快乐的时候、不快乐的时候、悲戚的时候、不悲戚的时候……的脸。🎈不快乐的时候不敢不笑→哪怕不好笑也得（强颜欢笑），故译作（a forced smile） when there was no joy at all to justify a smile。后面句子同理。我将听不见人们的真正的声音，所能听见的都是低微的，柔婉的，畏葸的和娇痴的，唱小旦的声音：“万岁，万岁！万万岁！”这是他们的全部语言。I could hear no true voices of my people. All I could hear would be the feeble, soft, timid and affected voice, like that of a female Peking opera singer, chanting, “Long live the King!” That would be their language in toto. 🎈「畏葸」做「胆怯」解，现译为timid；「娇痴」理解为「做作的」，现译为affected。🎈小旦：一般指闺门旦，为女性角色。闺门旦是戏剧旦行的分支，有别于正旦（青衣），即未出阁的闺女少女，或大家闺秀亦或小家碧玉形象，如京剧《红娘》中的崔莺莺，多是性格内向、腼腆。现译为a female Peking opera singer。🎈chanting “Long live the King!”作voice的后置定语。且like that of a female…中的that也指代voice。🎈把句子理解为：所能听见的都是低微的，柔婉的，畏葸的和娇痴的声音在说着， “万岁，万岁！万万岁！” ，像是唱小旦的声音。”万岁万岁万万岁“是这些声音说出的全部内容。🎈in toto作副词，意为「彻底，完整，完全地」，同completely，including all parts例句In toto? Yes, Mr Bradley, in toto. 真的？当然是真的！“有道明君！伟大的主上啊！”这就是那语言的全部内容。“Great is the King, our enlightened lord!” That would be the sole content of their language.🎈这就是那语言的全部内容→这就是那语言的唯一内容，故译作the sole content。没有在我之上的人了，没有和我同等的人了，我甚至会感到单调，寂寞和孤独。There would be no one above me or on an equal footing with me. I would even feel bored, lonely and isolated. 🎈above me or on an equal footing with me作one的后置定语。🎈区分alone和lonely，记住两个词组即可feel lonely感到孤独live alone独自居住/活着。为什么人们要这样呢？为什么要捧我的妻，捧我的儿女和亲眷呢？因为我是王，是他们的主子，Why would people behave like that? Why would they flatter my wife, my children and my relatives? Because I was king, their master.🎈「捧」作「阿谀奉承」讲，现译为flatter。我将恍然大悟：我生活在这些奴才们中间，连我所敬畏的尊长和师友也无一不是奴才，而我自己也不过是一个奴才的首领。It would suddenly dawn on me that living among these flunkeys, including my esteemed elders, teachers and friends, I myself, too, was nothing but a mere head flunkey. 🎈it是形式主语，that后的成分是真正主语。🎈dawn on 被领悟，被理解，被想到，即恍然大悟英义If a fact or idea dawns on you, you begin to realize it for the first time.🎈I myself中，myself作同位语。例句The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。🎈不过是→“除了……，什么也不是”，现译作was nothing but （a mere）…🎈elder可作adj表示「年长的」；也可作可数名词，指「长辈，年长者，元老」等。我是民国国民，民国国民的思想和生活习惯使我深深地憎恶一切奴才或奴才相，连同敬畏的尊长和师友们。I am the citizen of the Republic. Being accustomed to the mode of thinking and living of a republican citizen, I would deeply abhor all servility and flunkeys, including my esteemed elders, teachers and friends.🎈民国一般指中华民国。中华民国（1912-1949）是辛亥革命以后建立的亚洲第一个民主共和国，简称民国。republic指共和国，共和政体。如中华人民共和国People’s Republic of China。🎈Being accustomed to the mode of…是原因状语。🎈thinking作不可数名词，意为“思想，思维，思考”；living作不可数名词，意为“生活方式”🎈“奴才相”译为servility。英语servility意即slavishness或slave-like deference。 请科学家们不要见笑，我以为世界之所以还有待于改进者，全因为有这些奴才的缘故。生活在奴才们中间，作奴才们的首领，我将引为生平的最大耻辱，最大的悲哀。Dear scientists, please don’t laugh at me. Methinks the world is very much in need of reform simply because of the presence of these flunkeys. I would regard it as the deepest disgrace and sorrow of my life to live among the flunkeys and become their chief.🎈“我以为世界之所以还有待于改进者”译为Methinks the world is very much in need of reform，其中Methinks等于I think或It seems to be，为无人称动词，本为古体词，现常作诙谐打趣用语。「者」表示商榷。如：今汉继大乱之后,若宜少损 周之文致,用夏之忠者。–《汉书》🎈is very much in need of同really need。very much表示强调。🎈 I would regard it as …to…中it是形式主语, to…是真正主语。我将变成一个暴君，或者反而是明君：我将把我的臣民一齐杀死，连同尊长和师友，不准一个奴种留在人间。我将没有一个臣民，我将不再是奴才们的君主。I would rather become a tyrant or an enlightened king so that I could kill off all my subjects, among them my respected elders, teachers and friends, and have the flunkey species exterminated once for all. Then, with all my subjects gone, I would no longer be the king of flunkeys.🎈宁愿，宁可would rather do 🎈among them my respected elders, teachers and friends→ my respected elders, teachers and friends are among them。同including my respected elders, teachers and friends。🎈have the flunkey species exterminated once for all中包含have sth./sb. done结构；once for all意为一劳永逸地、彻底地、一次性地。🎈with all my subjects gone是with/without+名词+adj.结构。其中，gone作形容词，意为「离开的；过去的；不复存在的」我若为王，将终于不能为王，却也真地为古今中外最大的王了。If I were king and ultimately ended up becoming no king at all, I would indeed be the greatest king that had ever breathed since time immemorial. 🎈「我若为王，将终于不能为王」译为If I were king and ultimately ended up becoming no king at all，其中ended up是成语，作「告终」解。例如He never dreamed that he would end up owning such a big fortune.🎈真地为古今中外最大的王了→从古至今存在过的最大的王。存在过，即在世上呼吸过，即had ever breathed。“万岁，万岁，万万岁！”我将和全世界的真的人们一同三呼。 I would join true people all the world over in giving three cheers for myself. 🎈join sb. in doing sth.加入某人一起做某事🎈 “一同三呼”即指“万岁，万岁，万万岁！”。此处为省译。译出也可以。🎈若世上无王，则无王，亦无奴，仅剩true people；则无对王喊的万岁，仅剩giving cheers for myself。由此看，文笔流露出了作者对专制统治者和奴才的蔑视，认为世界还有待改造。🔥必背词汇design n.计划，打算，意图，企图英义A design is a general plan or intention that someone has in their mind when they are doing something.例句The intelligence service conceived a grand design to assassinate the War Minister.情报机构策划了一项暗杀陆军部长的重大计划。immemorial adj.无法追忆的，远古的，古老的英义You use immemorial to indicate that something has existed for many centuries.例句a modern version of an immemorial myth.远古神话的现代版本tyrant n.暴君，专制君主，暴君似的人英义You can use tyrant to refer to someone who treats the people they have authority over in a cruel and unfair way.例句Since 1804 the country has mostly been ruled by tyrants.自 1804 年以来，该国大部分时间都处于暴君的统治之下。disgrace n.丢脸的事，不名誉的事英义If you say that something is a disgrace, you are emphasizing that it is very bad or wrong, and that you find it completely unacceptable.例句The way the sales were handled was a complete disgrace.这种销售手段为人所不齿。abhor v.尤指出于道德原因憎恨，憎恶英义If you abhor something, you hate it very much, especially for moral reasons.例句He was a man who abhorred violence and was deeply committed to reconciliation…他是一个憎恶采用暴力而坚决主张和解的人。flunkey①n.奉承者，势利小人，马屁精英义If you refer to someone as a flunkey, you disapprove of the fact that they associate themselves with someone who is powerful and carry out small, unimportant jobs for them in the hope of being rewarded.②n.奴才英义Someone who refers to a servant as a flunkey is expressing their dislike for a job that involves doing things for an employer that ordinary people do for themselves.enlightened adj.开明的;开通的;有见识的英义If you describe someone or their attitudes as enlightened, you mean that they have sensible, modern attitudes and ways of dealing with things.例句an enlightened policy开明政策feudalistic adj.封建的例句Qing Dynasty is the last dynasty in ancient China,but it makes the most achievement in feudalistic culture and the recipiency of Peafowl fly towrds southeast.清代是封建文化之集大成的一个朝代，传统文化的各个领域在这一历史时期都取都得了辉煌的成就。feigned adj.假的，做作的，捏造的例句He accepted the invitation with feigned enthusiasm.他假装热情地接受了邀请。🔥重点表达看见一个影片的名字came across the title of a film我若为王If I Were King让我想到和影片毫无关系的另外的事put me in mind of something entirely foreign to film in question如果…，……会变成怎样？What would become of…if…？一种完全可笑的幻想a ridiculous fancy我根本不想作王being a king is the last thing I aspire to王是什么东西呢？What the hell is a king?一心，专心致志于，决心要be bent on 事实胜于雄辩Facts/Actions speak louder than words假定又假定to put it hypothetically德性moral excellence只会有余的would be more than qualified for没有任何德性had no virtue to speak of即使这样，仍然 all the same被人们像捧着天上的星星一样捧来捧去people would keep lauding her to the skies like mad!拼命地;全力以赴地like mad 把某人夸到天上laud sb. to the skies 太子crown prince是一无所知，一无所能的白痴be ignorant or worthless in every way like an idiot亲眷relatives （by marriage）皇亲国戚members of the royal family与婚姻有关的by marriage 求婚propose marriage 裸婚 naked marriage适婚年龄age for marriage 解除婚姻关系dissolution of marriage 成婚, 完婚conclusion of marriage 诸如此类的事、等等or whatnot同样just the same 万岁、陛下、殿下Your Majesty圣旨royal edict被称作be addressed as 贪念avaricious desire即使是无法实现的even though they were all beyond the possible千方百计，竭尽所能，不遗余力to leave no stone unturned to do sth.犯罪 commit a crime指摘我find fault with me把我从王位上面赶下来I was removed from the throne低头hang their heads 鞠躬bow low匍匐prostrate themselves at my feet尊长respected elders从前曾在我面前昂头阔步耀武扬威的人们those who had used to swagger arrogantly in front of me他们的头顶the tops of their heads这不关你事。/管好你自己。It’s none of your business.快乐的时候不敢笑的脸faces that dared not smile to express joy不悲戚的时候不敢不哭的脸faces that dared not refrain from a feigned cry when there was no sorrow to justify a cry低微的，柔婉的，畏葸的和娇痴的feeble, soft, timid and affected小旦a female Peking opera singer万岁，万岁！万万岁！Long live the King!彻底，完整，完全地in toto 有道明君！伟大的主上啊！Great is the King, our enlightened lord!那语言的全部内容the sole content of their language没有在我之上的人或和我同等的人would be no one above me or on an equal footing with me恍然大悟It would suddenly dawn on me that不过是一个奴才的首领was nothing but a mere head flunkey民国的国民the citizen of the Republic民国国民的思想和生活习惯Being accustomed to the mode of thinking and living of a republican citizen请不要见笑please don’t laugh at me引为生平的最大耻辱，最大的悲哀regard it as the deepest disgrace and sorrow of my life暴君a tyrant明君an enlightened king把我的臣民一齐杀死kill off all my subjects宁愿，宁可would rather do一劳永逸地、彻底地、一次性地once for all 终于不能为王ultimately ended up becoming no king at all古今中外最大的王the greatest king that had ever breathed since time immemorial和全世界的真的人们一同三呼join true people all the world over in giving three cheers 🔥复盘测试看见一个影片的名字我若为王让我想到和影片毫无关系的另外的事如果…，……会变成怎样？ 一种完全可笑的幻想我根本不想作王王是什么东西呢？一心，专心致志于，决心要事实胜于雄辩假定又假定德性只会有余的没有任何德性即使这样，仍然被人们像捧着天上的星星一样捧来捧去拼命地;全力以赴地 把某人夸到天上太子是一无所知，一无所能的白痴亲眷皇亲国戚与婚姻有关的求婚裸婚适婚年龄解除婚姻关系 成婚, 完婚 诸如此类的事、等等同样万岁、陛下、殿下圣旨被称作贪念即使是无法实现的千方百计，竭尽所能，不遗余力犯罪指摘我把我从王位上面赶下来低头鞠躬匍匐尊长从前曾在我面前昂头阔步耀武扬威的人们他们的头顶这不关你事。/管好你自己。 快乐的时候不敢笑的脸不悲戚的时候不敢不哭的脸低微的，柔婉的，畏葸的和娇痴的小旦万岁，万岁！万万岁！彻底，完整，完全地有道明君！伟大的主上啊！那语言的全部内容没有在我之上的人或和我同等的人恍然大悟不过是一个奴才的首领民国的国民民国国民的思想和生活习惯请不要见笑引为生平的最大耻辱，最大的悲哀暴君明君把我的臣民一齐杀死宁愿，宁可一劳永逸地、彻底地、一次性地终于不能为王古今中外最大的王和全世界的真的人们一同三呼🔥表达对比「千方百计，竭尽所能」有几种表达方式？我的意欲，我的贪念，乃至每一个幻想，都可「竭尽」全体臣民的力量去实现，即使是无法实现的。All my subjects would leave no stone unturned to carry out every will, every avaricious desire and even every whim of mine.每逢一个船长用到一名名声特别高的掌舵者，他必须「千方百计」把他留住。When a captain got hold of a pilot of particularly high reputation, he took pains to keep him.狐狸，用了他的种种计策「千方百计」，结果还是没有机会逃脱，成了这群猎狗的食物。The fox, with all his thousand tricks, had not been able to get out of sight, and fell a prey to the dogs.奇怪的是，其他男孩竟然从未觉察到他是如何拿我开玩笑，如何「千方百计」地模仿我。Strangely, the other boys never noticed how he made fun of me, and copied me in every way.
帕布莉卡