Fond Memories of Peiping –Lao She🎈北京于1930年改称北平，1949年新中国成立时恢复旧名。《想北平》是老舍名篇，写于1936年。约六十年前的古都风貌和生活情调，时至今日，已发生巨大变化。当时老舍在山东大学任教，正值日寇入侵，国难当头。文章热情颂扬北平，字里行间洋溢着强烈的爱国主义和民族自豪感。Q:如果把“北平”译作“Beijing”可以吗？🎈不可以，翻译时脑子中要紧绷一根时间的弦。老舍在注释中写道：北京于1930年改称北平，1949年新中国成立时恢复旧名。而《想北平》写于1936年，也就是说此时北京的名字仍然是北平。名字里附带着特定的历史信息，如果译作Beijing一定程度上属于错译。译者要做的就是不断丰富自己的翻译涵养，以“信”为本，认真推敲原语材料，最大限度地向中文非母语人士传递作者想表达的信息，做好信息中介的角色。🎈威妥玛式拼音法（Wade-Giles romanization）又称威妥玛－翟理斯式拼音，简称威氏拼音法 。它是1867年开始的，由英国人威妥玛（Thomas Francis Wade，1818年—1895年，今天的习惯应该翻译成托玛斯•韦德）等人合编的注音规则，叫“威氏拼音”。中国清末至1958年汉语拼音方案公布前，中国和国际上流行的中文拼音方案。这个方案被普遍用来拼写中国的人名、地名等，一般称为威妥玛式拼音。威妥玛式拼音，虽然保持了接近英文拼法的一些特点，但是并不完全迁就英文的拼写习惯。例如清华大学 Tsinghua University苏州大学 Soochow University蒋介石 Chiang Kai-shek设若让我写一本小说，以北平作背景，我不至于害怕，因为我可以拣着我知道的写，而躲开我所不知道的。I have no misgivings about writing a novel with Peiping as its background because I can choose to write about what I am most familiar with while shying away from what is less known to me.Q:类似“假如，如果”的表达，除了用if还能怎样处理？🎈开头便有“设若”一词，译文并未字对字译出，而是将这一语义含糊的藏进了“…about writing”介词短语结构中。如果我自己翻译，则会处理成I have no misgivings if/when I’m asked to write a novel…。在学习的时候一定要多积累赏析自己不熟悉的表达。🎈“我不至于害怕”中的“害怕”并非真的害怕，更准确来说是“有所顾忌”，好比领导让我们完成一项超出我们能力的任务，我们并不是害怕去做这项任务，而是顾虑or担心自己会做不好。所以此处将“害怕”译作“misgiving”非常准确。🎈“拣着”=挑着=选择（我知道的写），故用choose一词。让我单摆浮搁的讲一套北平，我没办法。But I shall be at a complete loss if I should be called upon to write exclusively about Peiping.🎈 “单摆浮搁”意为：一个个摊开着摆放,互不相干。跟事不关己的意思相近,也指东西简单随意陈列,毫无关联,一点联系都没有的意思。“讲一套”就是“专门去讲”，“囊括性地去讲”，既然讲了一套，势必会将所有东西考虑进去，也就是说，“单摆浮搁”和“讲一套”语义重复了，小伙伴们发现了吗？同时，此处的“讲”译作“write”，和前文提到的“write a novel”相一致，并不是真的去讲，而是去写。🎈I shall be… if I should be …的知识点：if非真实条件句中的虚拟语气，对将来将设。例如：If there should be a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.（如果下周末下大雪，我们就没法去滑冰了）。shall用于第一人称，表示“将，会”，例如I shall be 30 next year.（明年我就三十岁了）。🎈中文先事实后评论；英文先评论后事实。北平的地方那么大，事情那么多，我知道的真觉太少了，虽然我生在那里，地直到廿七岁才离开。Peiping is so big and multifaceted that very little of it, I believe, is known to me though I was born and brought up there and never went away until I was 27.🎈这句译文，最亮眼的就是它句子结构的连贯性（so…that…, though, never…until…）以及对主语的选择(very little of it is known to me)，用了无灵主语“very little of it”，而不是以有灵主语“I”开头。🎈“北平的地方”在翻译时直接处理成了“Peiping”，这里涉及到英汉互译中的增词与减词（《武峰12天》p96-119），简单提及一下，增减词的对象主要是：评论性词、范围词和对象词、范畴词、动词。“北平的地方”=“北平”和“亲仁善邻，国之宝也”的“思想”=“亲仁善邻，国之宝也”是不是有异曲同工之处呢？以名胜说，我没到过陶然亭，这多可笑！Just fancy that I have neglected to visit even Tao Ran Ting, a local scenic attraction!🎈“我没到过陶然亭”译为I have neglected to visit even Tao Ran Ting, a local scenic attraction，其中a local scenic attraction是添加成分，俾国外读者理解“陶然亭”及古都一大名胜。又译文中neglected一词也可用failed来表达。🎈 “even”一词用的很妙，表达出了老舍的意思“甚至连陶然亭都没去过”；第一次翻译时，我们可能无法译出原文作者隐藏的意思或是情绪，那么重读译文时，我们就可以将这些词添加进去。以此类推，我所知道的那点只是“我的北平”，而我的北平大概等于牛的一毛。 It follows that, in contrast with Peiping in its entirety, what little I know about it is probably a mere drop in the ocean. 🎈in contrast with Peiping in its entirety是补充译出的成分，补充出“和真正（全部）的北平相比”，（我的北平只是……）使得译文更加流畅易懂。此外，译文将「我所知道的那点只是“我的北平”」和「而我的北平大概等于牛的一毛」整合到了一句话「what little I know about it is probably a mere drop in the ocean」中，结构紧凑不拖沓。细读原文，我们可以发现“我的北平”在这句话中出现了两次，翻译时可以将这两个信息合并为一个。可是，我真爱北平。这个爱几乎是要说而说不出的。我爱我的母亲。怎样爱？说不出。I do cherish, however, a genuine love for Peiping—a love that is almost as inexpressible as my love for mother.🎈“——a love that……”的处理：如果有个名词出现了两遍，又因为别的信息干扰，无法处理成简洁的定语从句，那么可以用破折号连接，重复一遍那个名词，起到解释说明的作用。🎈在翻译时，译者可根据自身感觉在“简洁明了”和“文偏书面”之间找到平衡，比如“真爱”：really love对比a genuine love for;“说不出”:be unable to describe对比is almost as inexpressible。在我想作一件事讨她老人家喜欢的时候，我独自微微的笑着；在我想到她的健康而不放心的时候，我欲落泪。I smile by myself when I think of something I can do to please mother; I feel like crying when I worry about mother’s health.🎈参考译文把“在我想作一件事讨她老人家喜欢的时候”处理为“when I think of something I can do to please mother”，而非“when I think of doing something to do please mother”。与单有一个something相比，something I can do把常理（力所能及）和孝道润物细无声地融入了译文。🎈feel like 感觉，想要，欲例句I sometimes feel like screaming with frustration.我有时苦恼得真想要大喊大叫。言语是不够表现我的心情的，只有独自微笑或落泪才足以把内心揭露在外面一些来。我之爱北平也近乎这个。Words fail me where silent smiles and tears well express my innermost feelings. The same is true of my love for Peiping.🎈word fail me的表达非常高级、地道。下次遇到类似的情况，要学会运用。夸奖这个古城的某一点是容易的，可是那就把北平看得太小了。I shall fail to do justice to this vast ancient city if I should do no more than extol just one certain aspect of it.🎈虚拟语气再次出现🎈“某一点”即“某一特定方面one certain aspect”🎈把“看得太小了”处理成“对实际很大的北平而言不公平「fail to do justice to this vast ancient city」，简直不要太生动，自己译的时候根本不敢想也想不到；还要注意fail的用法，又出现啦。我所爱的北平不是枝枝节节的一些什么，而是整个儿与我的心灵相粘合的一段历史，一大块地方。The Peiping I love is not something in bits and pieces, but a phase of history and a vast tract of land completely bound up with my heart.🎈不是……而是…… is not…but…🎈in bits and pieces 枝枝节节，鸡零狗碎here and there 到处，处处every nook and corner 每个角落多少风景名胜，从雨后什刹海的蜻蜓一直到我梦里的玉泉山的塔影，都积凑到一块。Numerous scenic spots and historical sites from Shi Sha Hai Lake with its dragonflies after a rain to the Yu Quan Shan Mountain with the dream pagoda on top—all merge into a single whole.🎈从雨后什刹海的蜻蜓一直到我梦里的玉泉山的塔影：from Shi Sha Hai Lake with its dragonflies after a rain to the Yu Quan Shan Mountain with the dream pagoda on top，“from景点+with… to景点+with…” 的结构非常对称。🎈“梦里的玉泉山的塔影”译为the Yu Quan Shan Mountain with the dream pagoda on top，其中dream属于定语形容词，作“梦一般完美的”解。每一小的事件中有个我，我的每一思念中有个北平，这只有说不出而已。I associate myself with everything in Peiping no matter how trivial it is; Peiping is always in my mind. I can’t tell why. 🎈associate有“联想“之意”，即associate是在脑海中主动将物体之间建立connection，体现主观性（区分connect）🎈“no matter+疑问词（who, what, where, when, how）”引导让步状语从句，表示“无论，不管”，相当于“疑问词+ever”。注意：“疑问词+ever”引导名词性从句时，不可用“no matter+疑问词”互换。如：I’ll eat whatever (≠no matter what) you give me.🎈 “这只有说不出而已”究竟是说不出什么，译文要将信息补全。真愿成为诗人，把一切好听好看的字都浸在自己的心血里，像杜鹃似的啼出北平的俊伟。If only I were a poet so that, with all the sweet and beautiful words at my command, I would sing of the grandeur of Peiping in as longing a note as that of a cuckoo!🎈此句典故：其间旦暮稳何物，杜鹃啼血猿哀鸣——白居易《琵琶行》。🎈“杜鹃”是一种益鸟，也称“杜宇”、“布谷”或“子规”，英语为cuckoo。古代诗人认为杜鹃鸣声凄厉，旅人闻之，不禁产生思家的心情，故常用“啼血”形容其鸣声。“啼血”不宜直译，可结合上下文意译为its longing note。… in [as longing a note as that of a cuckoo]，这里可以理解为：以啼血的方式（感叹北平的宏伟），就像杜鹃一样，其中，that代指longing a note。🎈if only引导宾语从句中的虚拟语气
·用法和wish基本相同 ·情感色彩更强烈
表现在
谓语动词用过去式
表过去
谓语动词用had+过去分词
表将来
谓语动词用could/would+动词原形
啊！我不是诗人！我将永远道不出我的爱，一种像由音乐与图画所引起的爱。Alas, I am no poet! I shall never be able to express my love—the kind of love as inspired by music or painting.🎈I am no poet：no用作adj表示否定，与可数名词单数或不可数名词连用时，谓语动词用单数；与可数名词复数连用时，谓语动词用复数。🎈the kind of love as inspired by music or painting中as的用法：准关系代词。准关系代词指既像连接词又像关系词的词，只包括than, as, but.准关系代词可以像关系词一样，前面有名词作先行词，但后面的定语从句却不像典型的定语从句。如：We do the same work as they do. 我们和他们干同样的活儿。这不但是辜负了北平，也对不住我自己，因为我是最初的知识与印象都得自北平，它是在我的血里，我的性格与脾气里有许多地方是这古城所赐给的。That is quite a letdown to both Peiping and myself, for it is to this ancient city that I owe what I have within me, including my early knowledge and impressions as well as much of my character and temperament.🎈这不但是辜负了北平，也对不住我自己，因为我是最初的知识与印象都得自北平，它是在我的血里，我的性格与脾气里有许多地方是这古城所赐给的。→这不仅辜负了北平，（同时也是）辜负了我自己，因为北平所赐予我的（知识、印象、性格、脾气）都和我融为了一体。🎈我们从这句话可以发现“辜负”和“对不起”有相近之意，所以可以将这两个元素合并起来letdown to both；同时参考译文把“知识、印象、性格、脾气”巧妙地用一个including A and B as well as C结构整合在了一起。🎈it is to this ancient city that I owe what I have within me是强调句型。正常语序为I owe what I have within me to this ancient city。🎈as, because, since 和 for 都可以表示“因为”。because 最常用，往往用来回答以why开头的疑问句。as 和 since 尤用于书面语中，可以代替 because 引导原因从句。如：在讲故事时，for 用来解释或证明某事。如：He seemed to be in need of company, for suddenly he went back into the house 他看上去需要有个伴，因为他突然又回到屋里去了。注意，because是连词，用于连接一个句子中的两个部分，如：I’m unsocial, because of my deafness 由于失聪，我不喜欢社交。我不能爱上海天津，因为我心中有个北平。可是我说不出来！ With Peiping possessing my heart, I can never become attached to either Shanghai or Tianjin. I can’t tell why. 🎈“因为我心中有个北平”处理成with结构，句式更加新鲜高级🎈“可是我说不出来”，结合前一句看，其实是无法细说“心中有北平”的原因，翻译时补充出来使译文更加完整。伦敦，巴黎，罗马与堪司坦丁堡，曾被称为欧洲的四大“历史的都城”。London, Paris, Rome and Constantinople are known as the four major “historic capitals” of Europe.🎈曾被称为欧洲的四大“历史的都城”=以四大“历史的都城”为人们所熟知/而出名，所以译作be known as。若直译成have been called也是可以的。我知道一些伦敦的情形；巴黎与罗马只是到过而已；堪司坦丁堡根本没有去过。I know something about London; I have been to Paris and Rome only briefly; I have never visited Constantinople at all.🎈never visited Constantinople at all藏着not at all结构。就伦敦，巴黎，罗马来说，巴黎更近似北平——虽然“近似”两字都拉扯得很远——不过，假使让我“家住巴黎”，我一定会和没有家一样的感到寂苦。Of all these cities, Paris has the closest affinity with Peiping (The word “affinity” may perhaps sound a bit farfetched). Nevertheless, if I should make my home in Paris, I would feel very lonely as if I had no home at all.🎈Of all these cities可用于“在所有……中”的汉译英。原语中虽然并未提到“在上述四个城市中”，但译文补充出来，逻辑更连贯。🎈“更近似”译成了has the closest affinity with，虽然字面是“更”，实际就是“最”的意思。🎈结合知识点“省略if的虚拟条件句”的用法，if I should make my home in Paris可改写为 should I make my home in Paris。🎈省略if的虚拟条件句在虚拟条件句中，如果从句中含有were/had/should等词时，可将if省去，把were/had/should提到主语之前，引起倒装；若句中无were/had/should等词，则不能省略if，也不能用倒装结构。巴黎，据我看，还太热闹。自然，那里也有空旷静寂的地方，可是又未免太旷；As far as I know, Paris is too much of a bustling town. It does have quiet open spaces, but they smack of mere expanses of vacancy.🎈It does have quiet open spaces，does一词体现了“巴黎确实有”的意味🎈太热闹 too much of a bustling town,学习too much of的表达。🎈“可是又未免太旷”译为but they smack of mere expanses of vacancy，其中smack of作“有些像……”解，用以表达原文“未免”的含义；又“太旷”作“大而空”解，故译为expanses of vacancy。不像北平那样复杂而又有个边际，使我能摸着——那长着红酸枣的老城墙！Peiping is complicated and yet tangible. I can feel it by touch. I can feel the red wild jujubes growing on its ancient city wall!🎈“有个边际”意即“可触摸的”或“有实质的”，故译为tangible或vacancy。🎈“我能摸着”（I can feel it by touch），不直接翻译成I can touch it（指边际，也就是老城墙）,又是“简明”与“书面”之间平衡的体现，既然体裁是散文，I can feel it by touch显然更加合适，并且体现出了“通过触摸感受到北平的边际感”的意境，而不是直杵杵地去摸老城墙。面向着积水滩，背后是城墙，坐在石上看水中的小蝌蚪或苇叶上嫩蜻蜓，I can spend a whole day enjoying myself sitting on a rock to observe tiny tadpoles in the water or tender dragonflies on reeds while facing me lies Ji Shui Tan Pond and right behind me rises the high city wall.🎈spend a whole day enjoying myself sitting on a rock，enjoying是因为spend （in）doing，sitting on则表示伴随状态。🎈facing me lies…和right behind me rises…是倒装结构。我可以快乐的坐一天，心中完全安适，无所求也无可怕，像小儿安睡在摇篮里。I can thus enjoy a perfect inner clam, free from any desire or fear, like a child sleeping peacefully in the cradle.🎈“free from any desire or fear”为伴随状语，是I 此刻的一种状态。同样的例子还有：Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road. 他们畏惧困难，更愿意选简单的路。是的，北平也有热闹的地方，但是它和太极拳相似，动中有静。There are also bustling places in Peiping, to be sure, but like the traditional Chinese shadow boxing Tai Ji Quan, the city retains its stillness in the midst of motion.🎈“是的”=确实/的确，译为to be sure。有些不定式不属于句中的任何人或事物，而是修饰全句，这类不定式为独立不定式（absolute infinitive），如：to tell the truth老实说、to cut a long story short长话短说。🎈“太极拳”处理成了the traditional Chinese shadow boxing Tai Ji Quan。对于具有中国特色的信息，翻译时要适当补充信息，帮助中文非母语人士更好理解。（shadow boxing 太极拳；拳坛暗影）巴黎有许多地方使人疲乏，所以咖啡与酒是必要的，以便刺激；在北平，有温和的香片茶就够了。 While Parisians have to turn to coffee or wine for the relief of boredom caused by so many wearisome places in their city, the mild beverage of jasmine tea will be more than adequate for dwellers of Peiping. 🎈巴黎有许多地方使人疲乏，所以咖啡与酒是必要的，以便刺激→巴黎人必须转身投向咖啡与酒，以便暂时躲避许多枯燥的地方 带给他们的疲乏(the relief of boredom)。译文中用到了boredom和wearisome，表达具有多样性。🎈while是逻辑词，表对比，使译文更连贯流畅。🎈be more than adequate意为：程度比 “足够”还要多，也就是“就够了”。论说巴黎的布置已比伦敦罗马匀调的多了，可是比上北平还差点事儿。北平在人为之中显出自然， Though Paris has a better layout than London or Rome, it nevertheless cannot compare with Peiping, one always finds the natural in the midst of the artificial.🎈“布置”→布局，故译为layout🎈nevertheless的位置很灵活，可以“Nevertheless+主句”，也可以“主语+nevertheless / nevertheless +其他成分”。Q: 翻译时如何注意对长句恰当划分意群？🎈“可是比上北平还差点事儿。北平在人为之中显出自然”，原文截至“…显出自然”，虽然仍是逗号，却已经完整地表达出了一层意思，所以因为篇幅限制，小编就在这里断句了；此外，“论说巴黎……比上北平还差点事儿。北平……”中间虽有个句号，却不意味着译文也必须在此处划分，参考译文独辟蹊径，用“替代词one+（省略that的）宾语从句”将句号两侧成分巧妙地结合在了一起。几乎是什么地方既不挤得慌，又不太僻静；The city as a whole is neither too crowded nor too secluded.🎈虽然中文省去了主语（整个城市），但译文要补充出来。🎈积累“名词+as a whole”的表达🎈既不，又/也不 neither…nor…最小的胡同里的房子也有院子与树；最空旷的地方也离买卖街与住宅区不远。Even houses tucked away in very small lanes have their own courtyards and trees. Even the most secluded places are situated within a stone’s throw of business or residential districts.Q:为何译文要加一个动作“tuck”，而不直接用“houses in small lanes”?🎈“tuck”一词在这里表被动，生动形象地给译文添加了画面感，我们仿佛看到了一条胡同里塞下了许多房子，这给读者带来了美好的阅读感受，所以，翻译时要尽量体现这种点睛之笔。🎈不远→一步之遥→一箭之遥，所以译作within a stone’s throw of这种配法可以算——在我的经验中——天下第一了。Such a layout is, to my mind, without equal all over the world.🎈配法=布局。有时候翻译不出来，不是因为我们不知道英文表达，而是没有把原语材料嚼烂。🎈在我的经验中→在我的人是范围内，在我看来，所以译作to my mind🎈天下第一→全天下（世界）没有可比拟的，所以译作without equal all over the world北平的好处不在处处设备得完全，而在它处处有空儿，可以使我自由的喘气；不在有好些美丽的建筑，而在建筑的四周都有空闲的地方，使它们成为美景。However, what distinguishes Peiping is not the perfect layout, but the open spaces here and there where people can breathe freely; not the many beautiful buildings, but the open grounds around each building which add to its architectural beauty.🎈译文增加however，体现转折关系🎈译者将“北平的好处”一词进行了转换，从名词变为主语从句，大家在以后的练习中可以尝试一下这种用法，当然首先要保证语法正确。🎈分号后面的下一句，译者采用了省略的方法，这也是我们要学习的，注意保持译文的简洁地道。🎈译文运用了the open spaces where…和open grounds which…两个从句结构，使译文更紧凑高级。还有要分清名词space不可数和可数的情况哟~每一城楼，每一牌楼，都可以从老远就看见。况且在街上还可以看见北山与西山呢！Each gate tower of the city wall and each pailou (decorated archway) can been seen from afar. And the Northern and Western hills are visible to people in the open streets.🎈pailou (decorated archway装饰性的拱门)，翻译时要对信息进行补充说明，使读者理解更加准确形象。🎈“街上”译成“open street”而不是street。如果street不open，确实是看不到北山与西山的。好学的，爱古物的，人们自然喜欢北平，因为这里书多古物多。Those who are fond of studying or collecting curios will naturally be drawn to Peiping, which is remarkable for its rich store of books and curios.🎈译文用those who are fond of A+B把“好学”、“爱古物”、“人们”三个成分联系了起来。🎈喜欢→被吸引 be drawn to我不好学，也没钱买古物。Personally I am not given to studying, nor do I have spare money to buy curios.🎈译时增加personally，补充了“但从个人看”之义，使译文表意更丰满。🎈I am not given to studying, nor do I have spare money to buy curios. 注意部分倒装；并不是真的凑不出买古物，而是没有闲钱，所以译成spare money而不是money。对于物质上，我却喜欢北平的花多菜多果子多。But I am keen on the flowers, vegetables and fruit which grow in rich abundance in Peiping.🎈“花多菜多果子多”的译文别出心裁的选用了“花菜果+which引导的定语从句”的结构。和abundant flowers in Peiping相比，flowers which grow in rich abundance in Peiping使整体表达更具层次感。🎈花草是种费钱的玩艺，可是此地的“草花儿”很便宜，而且家家有院子，可以花不多的钱而种一院子花，即使算不了什么，可是到底可爱呀。墙上的牵牛，墙根的靠山竹与草茉莉，是多么省钱省事而足以招来蝴蝶呀！Gardening is something very expensive. But since flowers of herbaceous plants in Peiping are very cheap and each house has a courtyard of its own, it does not cost very much to plant a whole courtyard to such flowers which, though humble, are nevertheless lovely to look at, such as morning glories on the wall, china pinks at the foot of wall and marvels-of-Peru. Yes, cheap as they are, they attract butterflies!🎈原文提到“花草”和“草花儿”。“花草”实指“园艺”。🎈since表因为，引导原因状语从句🎈“cheap as they are”， as（尽管，虽然）引导让步状语从句时要倒装，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as之前。至于青菜，白菜，扁豆，毛豆角，黄瓜，菠菜等等，大多数是直接由城外担来而送到家门口的。Green vegetables, cabbages, hyacinth beans, young soya beans, cucumbers, spinach, etc. are often carried straight form the suburbs to your residential quarters for marketing.🎈Green vegetables, cabbages, hyacinth beans, young soya beans, cucumbers, spinach, etc.这一堆蔬菜要认识哇！（再补一个，leek韭菜）🎈“大多数是直接由城外担来而送到家门口【售卖】的”，所以补充出了for marketing；并没有直接译出“担”这个动作，这里表明蔬菜来源即可。雨后，韭菜叶上还往往带着雨时溅起的泥点，青菜摊子上的红红绿绿几乎有诗似的美丽。Often, leeks from rural farms after a rain still have specks of mud on their leaves. The vegetables stalls are so colorful that they present a scene of poetic charm.🎈学习“leeks from rural farms after a rain still have specks of mud on their leaves.”对主语的选择。我自己译的话肯定就译成there be句型，不够高级.果子有不少是由西山与北山来的，西山的沙果，海棠，北山的黑枣，柿子，进了城还带着一层白霜儿呀！Fruits come mainly from the western and northern suburbs, such as crab apples and cherry apples from the Western Hills, and jujubes and persimmons from the Northern Hills. Look, how they are still covered with frostlike bloom when they are put on the market!🎈“枣”别想当然译成Date，前面城墙上的酸枣译成了jujube，这里继续沿用🎈Look一词使读者会感觉真的感觉作者在面前向自己展示那层白霜。哼，美国的橘子包着纸，遇到北平的带着霜儿的玉李，还不愧杀！ Indeed, America’s paper-wrapped oranges will pale beside Peiping’s plums bearing a thin coating of frostlike bloom!🎈“哼”有点“事实确实如此却又不太想服气“的感觉， indeed感觉刚刚好。🎈pale作动词，为“显得逊色，相形失色”之意。“愧杀”正为此意，pale一词运用精准。是的，北平是个都城，而能有好多自己产生的花，菜，水果，这就使人更接近了自然。The city of Peiping brings its residents into closer contact with nature by growing flowers, vegetables and fruit in large quantities.🎈注意逻辑关系：北平（通过by）自己产生的花菜水果（使bring people to nature）人更接近自然。从它里面说，它没有像伦敦的那些成天冒烟的工厂；从外面说，它紧连着园林、菜圃与农村。The city proper is not plagued by factory chimneys such as you find in London giving off volumes of smoke all day long. On the outskirts of the city lie numerous flower gardens, vegetables farms and villages.🎈plagued by factory chimneys用烟囱借代工厂。借代指不直接将所要说的食物名称说出来，而是用跟它有关系的另一种事物名称代替它E.g.红领巾们（实指少先队员们）参加了植树活动。提喻则指以局部代表整体或以整体喻指部分等，如以bread代表food。🎈“从外面说”，外面指的便是地域上的“郊区，远郊”。factory chimneys such as you find in London giving off smoke=factory chimneys that you find in London giving off smoke.这里出现了as作为准关系代词的用法。采菊东篱下，在这里，确是可以悠然见南山的；大概把“南”字变个“西”或“北”，也没有多少了不得吧。An ancient Chinese poet by the name of Tao Yuanming says aptly in one of his famous poems, “Plucking chrysanthemums under the eastern hedge, I calmly view the southern hills.” To adapt it to life in Peiping, I might as well substitute the word “western” or “northern” for the word “southern” in the line.🎈“采菊东篱下”出自东晋文学家陶渊明《论酒》诗。本是“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”，两句相联。现有解释性翻译法，把诗人姓名、时代，以及上下诗句，交代清楚，否则国外读者无法理解。“大概把‘南’字变个‘西’或‘北’，也没有多少了不得的吧。”这句紧接上面的诗句，英译时也须灵活处理，交代其内涵：To adapt it to life in Peiping, I might as well substitute the word “western” or “northern” for the word “southern” in the line。像我这样的一个贫寒的人，或者只有在北平能享受一点清福了。 Peiping is probably the only place for a man of limited means like me to live an easy and carefree life in. 🎈means有“财富”的意思。所以贫寒的人就可以译成a man of limited means。Q: to live an easy and carefree life后面为什么还有个in？🎈注意区分“to live(活着)”“和to live in(生活在，住在) ”，二者含义不同。E.g. a house/place to live in。好，不再说了吧；要落泪了，真想念北平呀！ Now, let me leave off writing, for I am on the point of shedding tears. How I miss Peiping!🎈“不再说了吧”中的“说”仍译作“write”🎈for补充出逻辑关系“因为”🎈How I miss Peiping!是How引导的感叹句。how主要强调形容词，副词，强调程度。🔥必背单词fond adj.(回忆)愉快的,愉悦的英义If you have fond memories of someone or something, you remember them with pleasure.例句I have very fond memories of living in our village.我对乡村生活有着十分美好的回忆。misgiving n.疑虑;担心英义If you have misgivings about something that is being suggested or done, you feel that it is not quite right, and are worried that it may have unwanted results.例句She had some misgivings about what she was about to do…她对自己即将要做的事情存有一些顾虑。exclusively adv.排他地;独占地;专有地;完全地英义Exclusively is used to refer to situations or activities that involve only the thing or things mentioned, and nothing else.例句an exclusively male domain男性专属的领域multifaceted adj.多方面的;包罗万象的英义Multi-faceted means having a variety of different and important features or elements.例句Webb is a multifaceted performer…韦布是一个多才多艺的表演者。cherish v.怀有，抱有(希望);怀念(过去)英义If you cherish something such as a hope or a pleasant memory, you keep it in your mind for a long period of time.例句It was a wonderful occasion which we will cherish for many years to come.那是一个美好的时刻，我们将多年不忘。inexpressible adj.难以言传的;表达不出的;无法形容的英义An inexpressible feeling cannot be expressed in words because it is so strong.extol v.颂扬;赞颂;赞美英义If you extol something or someone, you praise them enthusiastically.例句Now experts are extolling the virtues of the humble potato.现在专家们都在赞美其貌不扬的马铃薯的种种好处。trivial adj.琐碎的;不重要的;微不足道的英义If you describe something as trivial, you think that it is unimportant and not serious.例句I don’t like to visit the doctor just for something trivial.我不喜欢为一点小毛病就去看医生。temperament n.性格;性情;秉性英义Your temperament is your basic nature, especially as it is shown in the way that you react to situations or to other people.例句She was furtive and vicious by temperament.她本来做事就偷偷摸摸，心肠狠毒。proper adj.严格意义上的；真正的；本身的英义You can add proper after a word to indicate that you are referring to the central and most important part of a place, event, or object and want to distinguish it from other things which are not regarded as being important or central to it. 例句A distinction must be made between archaeology proper and science-based archaeology.必须区分考古学本身和以科学为基础的考古学。🔥重点表达（拥有）…的美好回忆 (has) fond memories of…对…没有顾虑have no misgivings about… 熟悉…be familiar with… 回避，退缩，躲避shy away from… 号召/要求某人做某事call upon (sb. to do) 不知所措，毫无头绪，无从下手be at a complete loss 某人对…知之甚少… is known to sb. 生我养我的地方（where）I was born and brought up 离开go away 当地风景名胜local scenic attraction 从未I have neglected/failed to do 以此类推It follows that,… 我所知道的那点只是what little I know about sth. is… 九牛一毛，大海捞针a mere drop in the ocean 真爱…… do cherish a genuine love（do+动词原形，起强调作用）几乎是要说而说不出的is almost as inexpressible 独自by myself 担心/不放心worry about 取悦某人/讨某人喜欢/讨人欢心please sb. 同理；也适用The same is true of… （在……地方/情况下）说不出话「即言语无法表现我的心情」Words fail me where… 无法，不能够 fail to do公平对待；使…的价值充分发挥do justice to只do no more than 不是……而是…… is not… but…不是枝枝节节的一些什么 is not something in bits and pieces一段历史 a phase of history一大块地方 a vast tract of land与我的心灵相粘合 be completely/closely bound up with my heart风景名胜 scenic spots and historical sites积凑到一块 merge into a single whole把…与……联想在一起 associate… with…听从我命令 at my command将永远道不出 shall never be able to express心系 become attached to曾被称为 are known as欧洲的四大“历史的都城” the four major “historic capitals” of Europe只是到过而已 have been to … only briefly辜负了…;令…失望 That is quite a letdown to与……近似 has the close affinity with据我看 As far as I know还太热闹 is too much of a bustling town带有…（e.g.屈尊）…的意味 smack of condescension红酸枣（野生酸枣） red wild jujubes小蝌蚪 tiny tadpoles心中完全安适 enjoy a perfect inner clam无所求无所惧 free from any desire or fear动中有静 retains its stillness in the midst of motion香片茶 jasmine tea有……对某人来说就够了 …will be more than adequate for sb.在人为之中显出自然 finds the natural in the midst of the artificial城市整体看来 the city as a whole既不…也不… neither…nor…胡同/巷子里（坐落）的房屋 houses tucked away in very small lanes买卖街与住宅区 business or residential districts与……离得不远 are situated within a stone’s throw of一箭之遥 a stone’s throw away在我的经验中/在我看来 to my mind天下第一，天下无双 without equal all over the world处处 here and there空地/空闲的地方 open place/ground增添（了） add to城楼 gate tower可以从老远就看见 can been seen from afar可以（被）看见 can be seen；be visible (to sb.)喜欢 be fond of; be drawn to储量丰富 has rich store of闲钱 spare time沉溺于；被给予 be (not) given to家家自带院子 each house has a courtyard of its own即使算不了什么 though humble牵牛花 morning glories靠山竹 china pinks草茉莉 marvels-of-Peru农场 rural farms泥点 specks of mud蔬菜摊 the vegetables stalls有诗似的美丽present a scene of poetic charm沙果 crab apple海棠 cherry apples糖霜 frostlike bloom（动词可搭配bear或cover）出售，投放市场 put on the market包着纸的橘子 paper-wrapped oranges带着霜儿 bear a thin coating of frostlike bloom和B相比A相形见绌or黯然失色/B略胜一筹 A will pale beside B成天冒黑烟 giving off volumes of smoke all day long园林 flower gardens菜圃 vegetables farms采菊东篱下，悠然见南山Plucking chrysanthemums under the eastern hedge, I calmly view the southern hills.像我这样的一个贫寒的人 a man of limited means like me享受一点清福 live an easy and carefree life想要，欲 feel like某一点 one certain aspect不是……而是…… is not…but…枝枝节节，鸡零狗碎in bits and pieces 到处，处处here and there 每个角落every nook and corner 像……一样 as…as…的确，确实 to be sure🔥复盘测试（拥有）…的美好回忆 对…没有顾虑熟悉回避，退缩，躲避号召/要求某人做某事 不知所措，毫无头绪，无从下手某人对…知之甚少… 生我养我的地方离开当地风景名胜从未以此类推我所知道的那点只是九牛一毛，大海捞针真爱…… 几乎是要说而说不出的独自担心/不放心 取悦某人/讨某人喜欢/讨人欢心 同理；也适用（在……地方/情况下）说不出话【即言语无法表现我的心情】 无法，不能够公平对待；使…的价值充分发挥只不是……而是……不是枝枝节节的一些什么一段历史一大块地方与我的心灵相粘合风景名胜积凑到一块把…与……联想在一起听从我命令将永远道不出心系曾被称为欧洲的四大“历史的都城”只是到过而已辜负了…;令…失望与……近似 据我看还太热闹带有…（e.g.屈尊）…的意味 红酸枣（野生酸枣）小蝌蚪心中完全安适无所求无所惧动中有静香片茶有……对某人来说就够了在人为之中显出自然 城市整体看来既不…也不…胡同/巷子里（坐落）的房屋买卖街与住宅区与……离得不远 一箭之遥在我的经验中/在我看来 天下第一，天下无双处处空地/空闲的地方 增添（了）城楼可以从老远就看见可以（被）看见喜欢储量丰富闲钱沉溺于；被给予家家自带院子即使算不了什么牵牛花靠山竹草茉莉农场泥点蔬菜摊有诗似的美丽沙果海棠糖霜出售，投放市场包着纸的橘子带着霜儿和B相比A相形见绌or黯然失色/B略胜一筹 成天冒黑烟园林菜圃采菊东篱下，悠然见南山像我这样的一个贫寒的人享受一点清福想要，欲某一点不是……而是…… 枝枝节节，鸡零狗碎到处，处处每个角落像……一样的确，确实🔥表达对比「愧杀，相形见绌，相形失色」有几种表达？1、哼，美国的橘子包着纸，遇到北平的带着霜儿的玉李，还不「愧杀」！Indeed, America’s paper-wrapped oranges will pale beside Peiping’s plums bearing a thin coating of frostlike bloom!2、他说，日本国际收支的净流量，使中国对日本国债2.316万亿日元的净购买量「相形见绌」He said the net flows from Japan’s balance of payments dwarf China’s net purchases totalling Y2, 316bn.3、他冒着生命危险救了那个孩子，使所有的旁观者都「相形见绌」。He saved the child at the risk of his own life which put all those who crowded on to shame.4、我不是这个球队的超级明星，我也不想使别人「相形见绌」，我只想和其他队友精诚合作。I’m not the superstar of this team and I don’t want to overshadow anyone, I just want to mingle with the rest of the guys.5、许多壮男在女性优雅，飘逸的岩上移动面前显得「相形见绌」。Many a strong man has been humbled by the feminine graciousness and apparent ease of a woman moving over rock.
帕布莉卡