The Grave –Guo Moruo昨朝我一个人在松林里徘徊，在一株老松树下戏筑了一座砂丘。 Yesterday morning, while wandering about alone in a pine forest, I amused myself by piling up a small sandhill under an old pine tree.Q:“戏筑”是什么意思？🎈“戏筑了一座砂丘”的意思是“堆起一座砂丘以自娱”，现译为I amused myself by piling up a small sandhill，也可译为I piled up for fun a small sandhill。其中amuse oneself 就有消遣、自娱自乐的意思。“筑”在这里作“堆积，堆起”解，故译为piling up，不宜按字面译为building或constructing等。译文中的small是添加成分，原文虽无其词而有其意。Q:中英文的差异（中文重意合，英文重意合）🎈相信很多人都会处理成「Yesterday morning, I wandered about… and then amused myself by…或者Yesterday morning, I wandered about…to amuse myself by…」参考译文则是把“（我）在一株老松树下戏筑了一座砂丘”作为主句（本句的重点），把“我一个人在松林里徘徊”作为时间状语，处理为：连接词while＋非谓语wandering about alone in a pine forest.用连词while体现出了“在松林里徘徊”和“戏筑沙丘”之间的逻辑关系。🎈在中译英时，我们要注意中英文的差别，即中文意合，英文形合。意合型指隐性逻辑，句与句之间的逻辑关系不依赖于语言形式手段（如关联词等）来体现，而是注重意义上的连贯；形合型指显性逻辑，句与句之间的逻辑关系依靠于语言形式手段（包括语法衔接、词汇衔接）来体现，注重形式上的连贯。正因为如此，汉语在构成上很多时候都不太考虑语法，以达意为主，很多语法成分是被忽略了。我说，这便是我自己的坟墓了。 “Let this be my own grave,” said I. 🎈“这便是我自己的坟墓了”含有说话者的意图，故译文用祈使句表达：Let this be my own grave，和This shall be my own grave同义。Q：句中的said I是否存在语法错误？🎈said的位置只是存在因表达选择倒装与不倒装的区别，在直接引语中虽然一些文章会出现said she的表述，但却不符合语法规则。语法规定：当直接引语中主语为“人称代词”或引述动词后又间接宾语、状语时，不倒装。通常结构为「“… …,” said+名词性成分/ 代词+ said」，译文中的said I仅供大家欣赏。我便拣了一块白石来写上了我自己的名字，把来做了墓碑。 Picking up a piece of white stone, I scribbled my name on it and said, “Let this be my own gravestone.” 🎈此处“把来做了墓碑”仿照上文，也含有行为者的意图，可理解为其心理活动，意思是“就让这块石头当我的墓碑吧”，与上面句型基本类似，处理成“Let this be my own gravestone.” ，亦与“This shall be my own gravestone.” 同。我在墓的两旁还移种了两株稚松把它伴守。 On either side of the grave, I transplanted a pine sapling to keep it company.🎈“稚松”即“松树苗”，故译为pine sapling🎈 “把它伴守”意即“来陪伴它（坟墓）”，译为目的状语 to keep it company我今朝回想起来，又一人走来凭吊。 This morning, recalling the grave, I went to pay a visit to it. 🎈“凭吊”在此作“探望”解，译to pay a visit to即可，不必译为to pay homage to或to pay respects to等.🎈状语（Adverbial）是用来修饰v、adj、adv以及全句的句子成分。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、程度和伴随状语等。recalling the grave在句子中作原因状语，即由于我想起了“自己的坟墓”，所以才前来凭吊。但我已经走遍了这莽莽的松原，我的坟墓究竟往哪儿去了呢？ But the grave was nowhere to be found though I searched every nook and corner of the dense forest. Where was it gone to? 🎈中文常把重点信息放在后面，前面有一堆铺垫，而英文通常开门见山，比如请假信，中文会说一堆理由，而英文则直接说意图“我要请假”。这里有一点这个意思，此处重点信息就是“我的坟墓不见了，找不到了”。因此将其理解成“但是那个坟墓却不见了，尽管我搜寻了莽莽的松原的每一个角落”。every nook and corner中用nook又用corner属于强调，加强了语气。Q:参考译文先是说“the grave was nowhere to be found”，然后又问“Where was it gone to?”，把“找不到坟墓”的意思描述两次是不是有些累赘？🎈并不会，反而表意更准确，且更能体现出作者因墓不知所踪而怅然若失的情绪。作者想表达的其实是“我已经走遍了这莽莽的松原，（却怎么也找不到），我的坟墓究竟往哪儿去了呢？”，这样一看，译文补充出the grave was nowhere to be found，是不是让句子整体看来更加顺畅、传递情绪更加有感染力了呢？啊，死了的我昨日的尸骸哟，哭墓的是你自己的灵魂，我的坟墓究竟往那儿去了呢？ O ye remains of my yesterday’s dead self, it was your own soul that had come to mourn at the grave! Where was my grave gone to? 🎈“啊，死了的我昨日的尸骸哟”译为O ye remains of my yesterday’s dead self，其中ye作“你”解，属古语，在此用以烘托散文诗的格调。🎈 “哭墓的是你自己的灵魂”是典型的强调句，即“来坟前哀悼的是你自己的灵魂”，处理为it was your own soul that had come to mourn at the grave!🎈“啊，死了的我昨日的尸骸哟，哭墓的是你自己的灵魂”是作者对“尸骸”的声声诉说，“我的坟墓究竟往那儿去了呢？”则可看作作者在对周遭莽莽苍原发出灵魂一问，极力彰显了内心的“迷惘无措”。这样的描写，无论中英，也太有画面感了叭！感染力超级强！🔥必背词汇amuse v.给…提供娱乐或消遣英义If you amuse yourself, you do something in order to pass the time and not become bored.例句I need to amuse myself so I won’t keep thinking about things.我需要消遣一下，让自己不去想这样那样的事。pile v.堆放；堆积；叠架英义If you pile things somewhere, you put them there so that they form a pile.例句A few newspapers and magazines were piled on a table.几份报纸和杂志堆在桌上。scribble v.潦草地写;匆匆地写英义If you scribble something, you write it quickly and roughly.例句She scribbled a note to tell Mum she’d gone out…她匆匆写了个便条告诉妈妈她已外出。gravestone n.墓碑英义A gravestone is a large stone with words carved into it, which is placed on a grave.同义词headstone, memorial, monument, tombstone.transplant v.使迁移;使移民;移种英义To transplant someone or something means to move them to a different place.例句Farmers will be able to seed it directly, rather than having to transplant seedlings.农民将能够直接播种，而不用移种秧苗。sapling n.幼树英义A sapling is a young tree.例句newly planted saplings swaying gently in the spring breeze随春风摇曳的新栽小树company v.陪伴;给…做伴英义If you keep someone company, you spend time with them and stop them feeling lonely or bored.例句Why don’t you stay here and keep Emma company?你为什么不呆在这儿，陪陪埃玛？nook n.隐蔽处;偏僻处英义A nook is a small and sheltered place.例句Boxes are stacked in every nook and cranny at the factory.盒子叠放在工厂的各个角落。remains n.尸体，残骸英义remains (of something): the parts of something that are left after the other parts have been used, eaten, removed, etc.例句She fed the remains of her lunch to the dog.她把食物残渣喂给了狗。mourn v.悼念;哀悼;向…致哀英义If you mourn someone who has died or mourn for them, you are very sad that they have died and show your sorrow in the way that you behave.例句The whole nation had mourned the death of their great leader.举国向去世的伟大领袖表示了深深的哀悼。🔥重点表达在松林里独自徘徊 wander about alone in a pine forest堆了一座沙丘 pile up a small sand-hill在墓的两旁 on either side of the grave稚松 a pine sapling把它伴守 keep it company凭吊 pay a visit to走遍了这莽莽的松原search every nook and corner of the dense forest死了的我昨日的尸骸 remains of my yesterday’s dead self🔥复盘测试在松林里独自徘徊堆了一座沙丘在墓的两旁稚松把它伴守凭吊走遍了这莽莽的松原死了的我昨日的尸骸🔥表达对比 「走遍」有几种表达方式？1、但我已经「走遍了这莽莽的松原」，我的坟墓究竟往那儿去了呢？But the grave was nowhere to be found though I searched every nook and corner of the dense forest. Where was it gone to? 2、退休后，杨继绳利用个人关系，谎称自己要研究关于粮食政策的历史，「走遍中国各地档案馆」查找机密文件资料。After he retired, he used his contacts to gain access to restricted documents in archives all over China, claiming he was researching the history of grain policy. 3、受格林兄弟最早发表于1812年的童话集影响，希昂韦斯「走遍了偏远的村庄和家庭」，收集了这些口耳相传的故事。Inspired by the Grimms’ first publication in 1812, Schanwerth trekked to remote villages and hearths to collect these oral tales.4、所谓行万里路自然是指「走遍名山大川」，通部大邑，但是我党换一个解释也是可以。Of course, the bit about ten thousand miles means seeing famous mountains and majestic rivers and visiting great cities, but I prefer to put another interpretation on it.
帕布莉卡