《轮台歌奉送封大夫出师西征》是唐代诗人岑参的诗作。这是作者送别封常清西征之作,是写边地战争的诗歌,直写军情战事,写战局之凶险与气候之严酷,反衬出唐军誓师出征之声威与高昂士气,表现出全军将士坚韧不拔、雄视一切的豪迈气概。起首六句先写战前两军对垒的紧张状态;紧接四句写白昼出师接仗;然后写奇寒与牺牲,讴歌将士抗敌奋不顾身;末四句照应题目,预祝凯旋,以颂扬作结。全诗有描写,有烘托,有想象,有夸张,手法多样,结构严谨,抑扬顿挫,情调激昂,充满浪漫主义激情和边塞生活的气息,生动地反映了盛唐时期蓬勃向上的时代精神。
轮台歌奉送封大夫[1]出师西征
岑参
轮台城头夜吹角,轮台城北旄头[2]落。
羽书[3]昨夜过渠黎[4],单于[5]已在金山西。
戍楼西望烟尘黑,汉兵[6]屯在轮台北。
上将拥旄[7]西出征,平明吹笛大军行。
四边伐鼓雪海涌,三军大呼阴山[8]动。
虏塞兵气连云屯,战场白骨缠草根。
剑河风急雪片阔,沙口石冻马蹄脱。
亚相[9]勤王甘苦辛,誓将报主静边尘[10]。
古来青史谁不见,今见功名胜古人。
注释:
[1] 封大夫:封常清,当时任安西、北庭节度使。
[2] 旄(máo)头:星名,即昴星,二十八宿之一。《史记·天官书》中记载:“昴为旄头,胡星也。”古人认为旄头跳跃预示胡兵大起,而旄头落则预示着胡兵覆灭。
[3] 羽书:军用紧急文书,有急事通报时用鸟羽插之,表示速疾。
[4] 渠黎:渠犁,地名,在今新疆吉木萨尔县和米泉县之间。
[5] 单于(chán yú):汉代时匈奴称其君主为单于,这里借指唐代西域少数民族首领。
[6] 汉兵:指唐朝军队。唐诗中多以汉代唐。
[7] 旄:古代出征的大将或出使的使臣,都以旌节为凭信,为皇帝所赐,是军权的象征。旌节用金属或竹子做成,而以牦牛尾装饰在端部,称旄。
[8] 阴山:地名,在今内蒙古自治区境内,泛指边城。
[9] 亚相:这里指封常清,封常清以节度使摄御史大夫,次于丞相,故称亚相。
[10] 静边尘:使边患平定。
Song of Wheel Tower in Farewell to General Feng on His Western Expedition
Cen Shen
At night the horn blows on Wheel Tower walls;
The Tartar Star north of Wheel Tower falls.
Feathered dispatch passed southeast of the town:
West of Mount Gold Tartar chiefs settled down.
From the lookout we see dust raised by horses;
North of Wheel Tower camp the royal forces.
Our general with flags will westwards go;
At dawn the army march when bugles blow.
Frozen waves surge when drams are booming out;
The Shady Mountain trembles at soldiers’ shout.
Over Tartar forts clouds shiver at war cry;
On battleground white bones with grass roots lie.
Over Sword Stream swirling wind drives clouds on flake;
On frozen stone at Sand Mouth horsehoofs break.
Deputy commander, you bear all pain;
You swear to pacify, the border plain.
Have you not read the history of yore?
We love not ancients less, but moderns more.
The poet imagines a battle between the Tartar forces and the royal army led by General Feng.