I have known very few writers, but those I have known and whom I respect, confess at once that they have little idea where they are going when they first set pen to paper.我的认识的作家寥寥无几，然而凡是我所认识和尊敬的作家，都立即承认在他们动笔时，不清楚要写什么，怎么写。🎈where they are going中的where并不表示具体的地点，将这部分理解成“写什么（表示内容）”最为合适。🎈不知道…have no idea / don’t know…你知道…吗？Do you have any idea / Do you know…🎈动笔set pen to paper纵火（烧…）set fire to sth.到某地去set foot in / on some place例句She swore she would never set foot in his house again.她发誓她再也不会去他家。看到，看见set eyes on sb./sth.例句I loved that house from the moment I set eyes on it.我看见这座房子的第一眼就爱上它了。非常想要…set one’s heart on sth.例句His father bought him the bike he had set his heart on.他的父亲给他买了他老早就想要的那辆自行车。爱上某人lose one’s heart to sb.They have a character, perhaps two; they are in that condition of eager discomfort which passes for inspiration all admit radical changes of destination once the journey has begun; one, to my certain knowledge, spent nine months on a novel about Kashmir, then reset the whole thing in the Scottish Highlands.他们心中只在一个或两个角色。他们处于急切不安的状态，而被当作是灵感。他们无不承认， 一旦“旅程”开始，“目的地”常有急剧的变化。据我所知，有位作家花了9个月的时间写了一部关克什米尔的小说，后来却把整个故事背景换成了苏格兰高地。🎈被误认为是… pass for / as …把A误认为是B mistake A for B例句She is nearly fifty, but she could pass for thirty.意思类似于“徐娘半老，风韵犹存”/显年轻With her hair cut so short, she often passes for a boy.她的头发剪得太短了，常常被误认为是男孩。Don’t mistake friendship for love.别错把友情当爱情。🎈根本性的改变radical / fundamental changes彻头彻尾的错误a radical / fundamental error激进的政治观点radical political views激进的左翼群体a radical left-wing groupconservative a.保守的 n.保守派人士reactionary a.反动的 n.反动分子🎈destination n.目的地destiny n.命运例句We’re masters of our own destiny.我们主宰着自己的命运。destined a.命中注定的例句He is destined to be a musician. 他注定要成为一名音乐家。🎈据我所知… to my (certain) knowledgeto the best of my knowledgeas far as I know / am aware注意：as far as I’m concerned译“在我看来”，表示观点，和“据我所知”意思有出入例句As far as I’m concerned, feng shui is a load of rubbish.在我看来，风水就是一堆垃圾（封建迷信）。在某人（不）知情的情况下 with / without one’s knowledge不清楚，不了解 have no knowledge of …完全不知道…deny all knowledge of …🎈设置在…（时间/地点）be set in …例句The novel / movie is set in 18th century New England.I never heard of anyone making a ‘skeleton’, as we were taught at school. 我从未听说过任何一位作家像我们在学校那样，动笔前先列什么提纲。🎈非限定性定从as we were taught at school修饰making a ‘skeleton’。In the breaking and remaking, in the timing interweaving, beginning afresh, the writer comes to discern things in his material which were not consciously in his mind when he began.在剪裁修改、构思时间、穿插情节、以至从头重写的过程中，作家会领悟到素材中很多东西是他刚动笔时所未意识到的。🎈 In the breaking and remaking, in the timing interweaving, beginning afresh是时间状语，表示“在…过程中/期间”。🎈come to do sth①偶然…例句A body came to be found under the bridge.有人在桥下无意中发现了一具尸体。②开始…例句Future historians will be in a unique position when they come to record the history of our own times.③逐渐…例句He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.This organic process, often leading to moments of extraordinary self-discovery, is of an indescribable fascination.这种有机的加工过程往往达到不寻常自我发现的境界，具有难以言表的构思魅力。🎈organic adj.有机的有组织的，有系统的例句City planning treats the city as an organic whole.城市规划把城市看作有机的整体。🎈self-discovery n.自我探索 the process of achieving understanding or knowledge of oneself例句The process of writing a novel is a process of searching the writer’s innermost soul. 写小说的过程就是探寻作者内心深处的过程。🎈… is of an indescribable fascination [be of +n]= … is indescribably fascinatingA blurred image appears; he adds a brushstroke and another and it is gone but something was there, and he will not rest till he has captured it. Sometimes the yeast within a writer outlives a book he has written. 一个朦胧的形象出现在作家的脑海里，他左添一笔，右添一笔，形象反而消逝了；可是，好像还有什么东西存在着，不把它捕捉到，作家是不会罢休的。有时，一个作家一本书写完了，但兴奋仍不消散。🎈1 outlive v.寿命比…长例句I’m sure he will outlive many of us.我敢保证他是我们之中最长寿的。2 outwit / outfox v.比…聪明例句The burglar outwitted / outfoxed the police and got away. 窃贼比警察计高一筹，成功逃跑了。3 outrun v.跑的比…快例句 His ambition outran his ability.志大才疏4 outnumber v.数量超过…例句The boys outnumber the girls.男孩比女孩多。5 outweigh v. 重量超过…；在重要性、益处、意义等上重于例句He outweighs me by 40 pounds.The advantages outweigh disadvantages.利大于弊。I have heard of writers who read nothing but their own books; like adolescents they stand before the mirror, and still cannot fathom the exact outline of the vision before them.我听说一些作家，除了自己的书外，别的书一概不读，犹如希腊神话中那位漂亮的少年，站在镜前，仍然不能辨认自身的真面目。🎈三个“不定代词+but”表达：1 只不过是，只有nothing but = nothing more than = only [可修饰n]例句Nothing but a miracle can save her now.现在只有奇迹能救她。2 一点也不anything but = not … at all [可修饰n/adj等]例句He is anything but a hero / stupid.3 几乎，差不多all but = almost / virtually[可修饰adj/adv]例句It’s all but impossible to read his writing. 他的书写太难辨认了。🎈 narcissus / daffodil n.水仙花narcissist n.自恋的人narcissism n.自恋🎈Narcissus: In Greek mythology, Narcissus is a handsome youth, who pined away in love for his own image in a pool of water and was transformed into the flower that bears his name. 纳西索斯是希腊神话中最俊美的男子人物。他爱上自己的影子，最终变成水仙花。有一天纳西索斯在水中发现了自己的影子，然而却不知那就是他本人，爱慕不已、难以自拔，终于有一天他赴水求欢溺水死亡。众神出于同情，让他死后化为水仙花。For the same reason, writers talk interminably about their own books, winkling out hidden meanings, super-imposing new ones, begging response from those around them.由于这个原因，作家喋喋不休地谈论自己的书，去掉隐意，加上新的，向周围的人征求意见。🎈把…加在…上superimpose sth. on / upon …Of course a writer doing this is misunderstood: he might as well try to explain a crime or a love affair.作家如此行事当然被人误解。他还不如给人讲一个犯罪案件或一个恋爱故事。🎈冒号起解释作用。🎈不妨，倒不如…might as well / may as well do sth.例句You might as well take the job if you can’t find a better one at the moment.如果当下找不到更好的，不妨先接手这份工作。🎈风流韵事，桃色新闻love affair 英义：a romantic sexual relationship especially one between people who are not married to each other🎈lowbrow a.庸俗的，低俗的庸俗文学lowbrow literaturehighbrow a.高雅的，阳春白雪的高雅的古典音乐highbrow classical musicHe is also, incidentally, an unforgivable bore.顺便说一句，他也是个不可饶恕的令人厌烦的人。🎈incidentally adv.顺便谈及，顺便谈一下 =by the way/by the byeincidental a.附带的杂费incidental expenses电影配乐incidental music for the movie【形近词】accidental a.偶然的🎈a.不可饶恕的 unforgivable/inexcusable/unpardonable🎈bore n. 唠叨乏味的人someone who is boring, esp. because they talk too much about themselves or about things that do not interest you 例句The bore bores me to death.这个无聊的人快烦死我了。This temptation to cover the distance between himself and the reader, to study his image in the sight of those who do not know him, can be his undoing: he has begun to write to please.这种企图消除自己和读者之间距离的作法，企图用不了解自己的人的观点来研究自己塑造的形象的作法，会导致作家的毁灭：他已经开始为取悦他人而写作了。🎈to cover the distance between himself and the reader, to study his image in the sight of those who do not know him均为temptation的后置定语，谓语部分是can be his undoing…🎈企图取悦/迎合读者 the temptation to please the reader / cater to the reader🎈在某人眼中in sb’s sightin the sight of sbin sb’s eyesin the eyes of sb🎈in the sight of those who do not know him= from the perspective of（从…角度） those who do not know him🎈…是某人失败的原因 …be sb’s undoing/ be the undoing of sb.…被证明是某人失败的原因 …prove to be sb’s undoing/ prove to be the undoing of sb.例句Conceit was his undoing.虚荣心是他失败的原因。Greed is the undoing of many a businessman.贪婪是很多商人失败的原因。many a+名词单数=many +名词复数A young English writer made the pertinent observation a year or two back that the talent goes into the first draft, and the art into the drafts that follow.一两年前，一位年轻的英国作家发表了中肯的看法。认为天才注入初稿，接着由技巧来做文章。🎈that the talent goes into the first draft, and the art into the drafts that follow是the pertinent observation的同位语从句。🎈作评论make an observation=make a comment / remark🎈一两年前a year or two back= a year or two ago例句The house was built back in 1949.这座房子早在1949年就建好了。For this reason also the writer, like any other artist, has no resting place, no crowd or movement in which he may take comfort, no judgment from outside which can replace the judgment from within.因此作家也像其他艺术家一样，无处歇息，无法从任何群众或活动中得到安慰，也没有任何的外界评判能取代自己内心的判断。🎈in which he may take comfort：关系代词作介词宾语时，要把介词放在关系词前。🎈在…中获得安慰take comfort in …喜欢take pleasure in …对…感到自豪take pride in …对…（不）感兴趣take (no) interest in …对…很感兴趣take considerable interest in…在…避难 take refuge in …注意到… take notice of …同情…take pity on …（注意：上述列出的表达，不全是与in搭配哦。）🎈取代/代替…replace sth.用A代替B substitute A for B第二个表达中，A是新事物，B是被取代的旧事物，但有时句子中不提及“…被取代”，只是单纯说换上新事物，这时候理解很容易出错。例句It is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences have substituted the study of one local variation, that of Western civilization, (for the study of custom of all human beings).🎈从内部 from withinA writer makes order out of the anarchy of his heart; he submits himself to a more ruthless discipline than any critic dreamed of, and when he flirts with fame, he is taking time off from living with himself, from the search for what his world contains at its inmost point.作家只能自行理顺心中的混乱他让自己承受比任何批评家都严厉的惩罚。当他沽名钓誉时，他就脱离了自我生活，脱离了对自己灵魂最深处世界的探索。🎈以升序/降序/时间顺序/字母表顺序/倒序in ascending / descending / chronological / alphabetical / reverse order以优先等级顺序in order of priority / precedence🎈服从于，屈服于… submit (oneself) to …bow / yield / succumb to …[这几个词后一般不跟反身代词]🎈ruthless adj. 无情的，无怜悯心的merciless 🎈从…中请假/抽出时间take time off from …例句I have to take time off from work / school to go to the dentist.我必须抽空去看牙医。请一天假take a day off请这个下午的假take the afternoon off从每天的例行公事中抽出时间take time off from daily routine年假annual leave带薪休假paid leave在休假be on leave.休病假be on sick leave.休产假be maternity leave/ be on paternity leave[伺候月子]度假get away/ have a holiday过一个彻底放松的假期get away from it all/have a thoroughly relaxing holiday例句That the equipment of modern camping becomes yearly more sophisticated is an entertaining paradox for the cynic, a brighter promise for the hopeful traveler who has sworn to get away from it all. 当代露营设备越来越先进，对那些愤世嫉俗的人来说是有趣的悖论，对那些满怀希望的发誓要过一个彻底放松的假期的旅行者来说是更光明的前景。🔥必背词汇confess v. 向神父忏悔；坦白罪行；承认糗事例句He knelt and confessed his sin.他跪倒在地，忏悔了自己的罪行。The prisoner confessed his crime.囚犯供认/坦白了罪行。坦白/承认… confess that … / to doing例句He confessed that he did not understand financial matters at all.他坦白他对金融一窍不通。承认……①admit / acknowledge + sth. /doing sth. /that …②concede例句I conceded that I had made a number of errors.我承认我犯了不少错误。③avow：宣称，承认例句Homosexuality is rarely avowed.同性恋很少被大胆公开承认。④profess：宣称，承认（不属实的事）例句Many corrupt officials profess not to be interested in money.许多腐败的官员宣称他们对钱没兴趣。⑤assert：声称，断言例句She asserted her innocence.她声称自己是无辜的。⑥allege：（在缺乏证据的情况下）宣称某事属实例句The defense alleges that Jones was beaten up while in police custody.inspiration n. 灵感例句Poets often get their inspiration from nature.诗人常常从大自然中获取灵感。inspire v.赋予某人灵感；激励【形近词】①perspiration n.出汗；汗水 →perspire v.出汗②aspiration n.雄心，野心，抱负 →aspire v.渴望渴望成功aspire to success/succeed [to do不定式/ to是介词]③respiration n.呼吸→respire v.呼吸人工呼吸artificial respiration深呼吸respire deeplyinterweave v. 交织时态变化：interweave-interwove-interwoven例句Your destiny is interwoven with mine.你和我的命运交织在一起。/一根绳上的蚂蚱。weave v.织布牛郎织女the Herd-boy and the Weaving-girl【词根】“inter” = between, amongintervene v.干涉，干预intercede v.调解，斡旋intercept v.中途拦截interpose v.置于（二者）之间intersperse v.点缀interstellar a.星际的interpersonal a.人际的interactive a.互动的interdependent a. 互相依赖的星际旅行interstellar travel人际关系/活动interpersonal relationships / skills互动式教学interactive teaching愈来愈互相依赖的全球经济the increasingly interdependent global economyafresh adv. 重新，重来一遍例句She tore up the letter and started afresh.她撕掉了信又重写了一封。【近义词】once again/once more/over again/anewblur v. （使）模糊不清例句Tears blurred her eyes./ Her eyes blurred with tears.泪水模糊了她的视线。The new commercial blurs the line between art and advertising.商业广告模糊了艺术和广告之间的界限。blurred a.模糊不清的一张模糊不清的照片a blurred photographslur v.含糊不清地讲话；诽谤slurred a.口齿不清的indistinct a.模糊的，朦胧的模糊的形状/声音/回忆 an indistinct shape / sound / recollectionvague a.模糊的，模棱两可的模糊的人影a vague figure模棱两可的答案a vague answerhazy a.雾蒙蒙的，模糊的雾蒙蒙的天空the hazy sky山色空蒙a hazy view of the mountains模糊的回忆hazy recollectionsfuzzy a.（信号）模糊的例句You can pick up a lot of stations on the car radio, but the sound is usually a bit fuzzy.车上的收音机可以收到很多台，但声音有点模糊不清。ambiguous a.（意思、措辞等）模糊不清的例句The wording of the agreement is ambiguous.协议的措辞太含糊不清了。yeast n. 酵母（菌）；激动，骚动例句Political agitators are the yeast of revolution.政治煽动者是革命的动因。ferment n.发酵剂例句The whole country was in a state of political ferment.全国都处于政治动荡之中。catalyst n.催化剂例句They hope his election will act as a catalyst for reform.他们希望他的当选会促进改革。pertinent adj. 中肯的，切题的，相关的同义词：relevant与…相关 be pertinent/relevant to sth.与…不相关be irrelevant to sth.一些相关的问题some pertinent questions相关的工作经验relevant work experience【形近词】permanent a.永久的一份长期工作a permanent jobprominent a.杰出的，突出的杰出的政治人物a prominent political figureprovident a.节约的，节俭的例句He is provident of his money.flirt v. 调情；不经意地对待和某人调情flirt with sb.不经意地对待某事flirt with sth.例句I’ve been flirting with the idea of buying a house.我没仔细考虑过买房的事。The bullfighters are flirting with death.斗牛士是在玩儿命。He enjoys flirting with fame.他喜欢沽名钓誉。inmost adj. 最秘密的，最核心的= innermost表达某人内心最深处的感受express one’s innermost feelings揭露公司核心机密reveal a company’s innermost secretsoutermost adj.最外层的例句Pluto is the outermost known planet.冥王星是已知星系中最外层的行星。uppermost adj.最上层的；最重要的在某人心中最重要be uppermost in one’s mindnethermost adj.最底下的foremost adj.最前面的hindmost adj.最后面的leftmost adj.最左面的rightmost adj. 最右面的easternmost/southernmost/westernmost/northernmost adj.最东/南/西/北边的补充几组反义词：①internal a.内部的→external a.外部的内脏internal organs内政internal affairs仅供外部使用for external use only对外关系external relations②interior a.室内的→exterior a.室外的内墙the interior walls外墙the exterior walls③intrinsic a.内在的，固有的→extrinsic a.外在的，不相关的本质intrinsic nature 固有价值intrinsic value内部和外在因素的结合a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors④incoming a.（从外）进来的→outgoing a. （从里）出去的来电incoming calls进站的旅客列车an incoming passenger train离站的火车an outgoing train离岸的船an outgoing ship外向的性格an outgoing personality🔥重点表达坦白/承认… confess that … / to doing渴望成功aspire to success/succeed人工呼吸artificial respiration深呼吸respire deeply牛郎织女the Herd-boy and the Weaving-girl星际旅行interstellar travel人际关系/活动interpersonal relationships / skills互动式教学interactive teaching愈来愈互相依赖的全球经济the increasingly interdependent global economy一张模糊不清的照片a blurred photograph模糊的形状/声音/回忆 an indistinct shape / sound / recollection模糊的人影a vague figure模棱两可的答案a vague answer雾蒙蒙的天空the hazy sky山色空蒙a hazy view of the mountains模糊的回忆hazy recollections与…相关 be pertinent/relevant to sth.与…不相关be irrelevant to sth.一些相关的问题some pertinent questions相关的工作经验relevant work experience一份长期工作a permanent job杰出的政治人物a prominent political figure和某人调情flirt with sb.不经意地对待某事flirt with sth.表达某人内心最深处的感受express one’s innermost feelings揭露公司核心机密reveal a company’s innermost secrets在某人心中最重要be uppermost in one’s mind内脏internal organs内政internal affairs仅供外部使用for external use only对外关系external relations内墙the interior walls外墙the exterior walls本质intrinsic nature 固有价值intrinsic value内部和外在因素的结合a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors来电incoming calls进站的旅客列车an incoming passenger train离站的火车an outgoing train离岸的船an outgoing ship外向的性格an outgoing personality不知道…have no idea / don’t know…你知道…吗？Do you have any idea / Do you know…动笔set pen to paper纵火（烧…）set fire to sth.到某地去set foot in / on some place看到，看见set eyes on sb./sth.非常想要…set one’s heart on sth.爱上某人lose one’s heart to sb.被误认为是… pass for / as …把A误认为是B mistake A for B根本性的改变radical / fundamental changes彻头彻尾的错误a radical / fundamental error激进的政治观点radical political views激进的左翼群体a radical left-wing group据我所知… to my (certain) knowledge在某人（不）知情的情况下 with / without one’s knowledge不清楚，不了解 have no knowledge of …完全不知道…deny all knowledge of …设置在…（时间/地点）be set in …①偶然…②开始…③逐渐…come to do sth把…加在…上superimpose sth. on / upon …不妨，倒不如…might as well / may as well do sth.风流韵事，桃色新闻love affair庸俗文学lowbrow literature高雅的古典音乐highbrow classical music杂费incidental expenses电影配乐incidental music for the movie便谈及，顺便谈一下incidentally=by the way/by the bye在某人眼中in sb’s sight…是某人失败的原因 …be sb’s undoing/ be the undoing of sb.作评论make an observation=make a comment / remark一两年前a year or two back= a year or two ago在…中获得安慰take comfort in …喜欢take pleasure in …对…感到自豪take pride in …对…（不）感兴趣take (no) interest in …对…很感兴趣take considerable interest in…在…避难 take refuge in …注意到… take notice of …同情…take pity on …取代/代替…replace sth.用A代替B substitute A for B从内部 from within以升序/降序/时间顺序/字母表顺序/倒序in ascending / descending / chronological / alphabetical / reverse order以优先等级顺序in order of priority / precedence服从于，屈服于… submit (oneself) to …从…中请假/抽出时间take time off from …请一天假take a day off请这个下午的假take the afternoon off从每天的例行公事中抽出时间take time off from daily routine年假annual leave带薪休假paid leave在休假be on leave.休病假be on sick leave.休产假be maternity leave/ be on paternity leave[伺候月子]度假get away/ have a holiday过一个彻底放松的假期get away from it all/have a thoroughly relaxing holiday🔥复盘测试坦白/承认…渴望成功人工呼吸深呼吸牛郎织女星际旅行人际关系/活动互动式教学愈来愈互相依赖的全球经济一张模糊不清的照片模糊的形状/声音/回忆 模糊的人影模棱两可的答案雾蒙蒙的天空山色空蒙模糊的回忆与…相关 与…不相关一些相关的问题相关的工作经验一份长期工作杰出的政治人物和某人调情不经意地对待某事表达某人内心最深处的感受揭露公司核心机密在某人心中最重要内脏内政仅供外部使用对外关系内墙外墙本质固有价值内部和外在因素的结合来电进站的旅客列车离站的火车离岸的船外向的性格不知道…你知道…吗？ 动笔纵火（烧…）到某地去看到，看见非常想要…爱上某人被误认为是… 把A误认为是根本性的改变彻头彻尾的错误激进的政治观点激进的左翼群体据我所知… 在某人（不）知情的情况下不清楚，不了解完全不知道…设置在…（时间/地点）①偶然…②开始…③逐渐…把…加在…上不妨，倒不如…风流韵事，桃色新闻庸俗文学高雅的古典音乐杂费电影配乐便谈及，顺便谈一下在某人眼中…是某人失败的原因 …作评论一两年前在…中获得安慰喜欢对…感到自豪对…（不）感兴趣对…很感兴趣在…避难 注意到… 同情…取代/代替…用A代替B从内部以升序/降序/时间顺序/字母表顺序/倒序以优先等级顺序服从于，屈服于… 从…中请假/抽出时间请一天假请这个下午的假从每天的例行公事中抽出时间年假带薪休假在休假休病假休产假度假过一个彻底放松的假期
帕布莉卡