🎈交际花a social butterfly忐忑不安have butterflies(in one’s stomach)例句It was the morning of the World Cup Final and most of the players had butterflies (in their stomach).🎈chaos theory(混沌理论): Small changes in initial conditions can lead to large-scale and unpredictable variation in the future state of the system. 在一个动力系统中，初始条件下微小的变化能带动整个系统的长期的巨大的连锁反应。A frequent metaphor for one aspect of chaos theory is the Butterfly Effect(蝴蝶效应): butterflies flapping their wings in the Amazon affect the weather in Chicago.蝴蝶效应是一种混沌现象Beyond two or three days, the world’s best weather forecasts are speculative, and beyond six or seven they are worthless.世界上最好的两三天以上的天气预报具有很强的猜测性，如果超过六七天，就没有了任何价值。🎈超过…，…以上beyond=after …=later than …= exceeding…🎈are speculative=… are based on speculation / conjecture / guesswork / guess work🎈一文不值的 worthless/valueless/useless或be of no earthly use/ be totally uselessThe Butterfly Effect is the reason.原因是蝴蝶效应。🎈是…的原因 is the reason for / behind…表示“原因是……”的表达多种多样，原句可改写为下述句子：The Butterfly Effect accounts for it. √The Butterfly Effect underlies it. √The reason is the Butterfly Effect. √The reason lies in the Butterfly Effect. √🎈但不能说The reason is because of the Butterfly Effect. ，因为英文体系中，reason后不能再说because ofFor small pieces of weather—and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and blizzards —any prediction deteriorates rapidly.对于小片的恶劣天气——对一个全球性的气象预报员来说，“小”可以意味着雷暴雨和暴风雪——任何预测的质量会很快下降。🎈For small pieces of weather是介词短语作状语。两个破折号之间夹着的成分是插入语。any prediction deteriorates rapidly是句子主干。🎈For small pieces of weather中的for和to a global forecaster中的to都表示“对…而言/来说”。🎈mean v.意味着 be likely to result in …例句The merger will mean the eventual closure of the company’s Shanghai Office.此次合并意味着公司上海办事处最终会关门。🎈any prediction deteriorates rapidly= any prediction gets worse / degenerates / becomes inaccurate rapidlyErrors and uncertainties multiply, cascading upward through a chain of turbulent features, from dust devils and squalls up to continent-size eddies that only satellites can see.错误和不可靠性上升，接踵而来的是一系列湍流的徵状，从小尘暴和暴风发展到只有卫星上可以看到的席卷整块大陆的旋涡。🎈cascading upward…only satellites can see整个是非谓语动词作状语，其中from dust devils and squalls up to continent-size eddies that only satellites can see作后置定语修饰a chain of turbulent features。🎈multiply v. （使）大幅增加to increase by a large amount or number, or to make sth. do this 大幅增加snowball/proliferate/mushroom/explodeexplode多指人口增长人口大爆炸/人口激增population explosion🎈一连串a chain of … a series of …a train of … a string of …a succession of …a progression of …🎈feature n. 特征，特点characteristic🎈从A到B from A to B从A一直到B from A up to BThe modern weather models work with a grid of points of the order of sixty miles apart, and even so, some starting data has to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere.现代气象模型以一个坐标图来显示，图中每个点大约是间隔60英里。既使是这样，有些开始时 的资料也不得不依靠推测，因为地面工作站和卫星不可能看到地球上的每一个地方。🎈work v. （指机器、设备等）运作，运转(of a machine, device, etc) function; operate 例句This machine works by electricity.这台机器靠电力运转。The delete key doesn’t work. 删除键不灵了。🎈grid n. 坐标格子a pattern of straight lines that cross each other to form squares街道纵横交错streets laid out on a grid pattern 暗示是正南正北的格局，方方正正🎈大约，估摸着，约莫着(something) of / in / on the order of … (something) in the neighborhood / vicinity of…= approximately/about🎈starting adj.初始的，最初的，开端的 beginning初始阶段at the initial stage / phase早期肿瘤incipient tumor曙光the incipient light of day开场白opening remarks [opening多指“书、电影、歌剧等开头的场景”]电影开场the opening scene of the movie预考/预选赛a preliminary exam / contestBut suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at one-foot intervals all the way to the top of the atmosphere. 假设地球上可以布满传感器，每个相隔1英尺，并按1英尺的间隔从地面一直排列到大气层的顶端。🎈spaced one foot apart是sensors的后置定语。all the way to the top of the atmosphere 是嵌在状语rising at one-foot intervals all the way to the top of the atmosphere中的方式状语。🎈space v. 将……均匀隔开例句Space your workouts two days apart to avoid sore muscles. 每隔两天锻炼一次，以防肌肉酸痛。🎈interval n. 1.（两事件中的）间隔时间 2.（物体之间的）间隔空间🎈一直……all the way例句He ran all the way home.他一路跑回了家。Suppose every sensor gives perfectly accurate readings of temperature, pressure, humidity, and any other quantity a meteorologist would want. 再假定每个传感器都极极端准确地读出了温度、气压、温度和气象学家需要的任何其他数据。🎈查表，读数 take the meter reading /read the meter🎈any other quantity a meteorologist would want中的would是虚拟语气，表示一种推测，即作者并不知道气象学家到底需要什么数据。Precisely at noon an infinitely powerful computer takes all the data and calculates what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03…在正午时分，一个功能巨大的计算机搜集了所有的资料，并算出在每一个点上在12：01，然后是12：02，然后是12：03时可能出现的情况。🎈what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03…是定语从句，其中at each point是地点状语，at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03…是时间状语。🎈在正午precisely at noonat high noonat 12 o’clock sharpat punctually 12 o’clock🎈infinite a.无限的 例句The universe is infinite.宇宙是无垠的。finite a.有限的 例句Human knowledge is finite. 人类的知识是有限的。infinitive n.不定式definite a.明确的indefinite a.不明确的例句不确切的答案an indefinite answerdefinitive a.最终/后/好的 例句最终裁决a definitive verdict🎈计算，运算work out / figure out /compute / reckon compute强调用计算机进行计算The computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New Jersey, will have sun or rain on a day one month away. At noon the spaces between the sensors will hide fluctuations that the computer will not know about, tiny deviations from the average.计算机无法推断出1个月以后的某一天，新泽西州的普林斯顿究竟是晴天还是雨天。正午时分，传感器之间的距离会掩盖计算机无法知道的波动、任何偏平均值的变化。🎈that the computer will not know about, tiny deviations from the average是定语从句。tiny deviations from the average是fluctuations的同位语。By 12.01, those fluctuations will already have created small errors one foot away. Soon the errors will have multiplied to the ten-foot scale, and so on up to the size of the globe.到12：01时，那些波动就已经会在1英尺远的地方造成偏差。很快这种偏差会增加到10英尺的范围，如此等等，一直到全球的范围。🎈大量/迅速增加… will have snowballed/proliferated to …激增/暴涨… will have multiplied /rocketed/ soared to …🎈等等and so onand so forthetc. (et cetera)and the likeand what not🎈文中“全球的范围” the size of the globe =global size=global scale=international / world / worldwide scale。小规模地on a small scale有限规模地on a limited scale大规模地on a large / grand scale→on a / an colossal / enormous / gigantic scale全国范围内on a national / nationwide scale全球范围/世界范围内on a / an global / international / world / worldwide scale🔥必背词汇forecast n. & v. 预测，预报天气预报weather forecast公司年度销售预报the company’s annual sales forecastpredict / foretell v.预言说 [foretell比predict多了一层“预兆、预示”的含义]forebode v. 预兆、预示prophesy v.（有超自然能力的人）预言/预知例句Jesus prophesied that one of his disciples would betray him.耶稣预知一个弟子会背叛他。speculative adj. 推测的；投机的例句His conclusions are purely speculative.他的推论纯粹是瞎猜。投机性投资speculative investmentsspeculate v.1猜测 2投机猜测speculate on/about…投机speculate in…speculation n. 猜测；投机房地产投机property speculationn. 猜测，猜想conjecture /guesswork / guess workblizzard n. 特大暴风雪雷暴thunderstorm 暴风雪snowstorm风暴windstorm沙尘暴sandstorm（突如其来的）狂风squall （小的）尘旋风dust devil特大暴风cyclone 飓风hurricane台风typhoon 龙卷风tornadodeteriorate v. 变糟，恶化近义词degenerate例句Alan’s health has deteriorated. Alan的健康状况恶化了。恶化到…deteriorate/degenerate into …例句Don’t allow your comments degenerated into a personal attack. 避免将你的言论上升到人身攻击。变差/变糟worsen/ get worse/ go from bad to worse/ go downhillturbulent adj. 汹涌而不稳定的；动荡的汹涌的波浪turbulent wavesturbulence n. 汹涌而不稳定（的水流/气流）；动荡，骚乱政治动荡political turbulence社会动荡social turbulence【词根】“turb” = disturb 搅乱turbid a.浑浊的turbine n.涡轮机perturb v.使不安imperturbable a.沉着的，镇定的，不惊慌的humidity n. 湿度humid adj.空气中水汽含量高的湿润的空气humid atmosphere/airwet adj. 表面潮湿的；湿透的 浸满水的海绵a wet spongemoist adj.(褒) 潮湿的 湿毛巾a moist toweldamp adj.（贬）潮湿的潮湿的地下室a damp basementmeteorologist n. 气象学家meteorology n. 气象学meteor n.流星流星shooting / falling star流星雨meteor shower 流星群meteor swarmmeteorite n.陨石asteroid n.小行星deviation n. 偏差，偏离常规deviate v.偏离（政治）左倾Left deviation（政治）右倾Right deviation性变态行为sexual deviation偏离……deviation/ deviate from…deviant n.偏离常规的人，变态的人性变态a sexual deviant【词根】“de” =away from + “vi(a)”=道路 + ate（动词字根）via v.途径，经由例句go from London to Washington via New Yorkviable a.切实可行的，行得通的 [=feasible]一个切实可行的建议a viable proposal经济上可行economically viableobviate v.排除 =eliminate🔥重点表达天气预报weather forecast公司年度销售预报the company’s annual sales forecast投机性投资speculative investments猜测speculate on/about…投机speculate in…房地产投机property speculation恶化到…deteriorate/degenerate into …变差/变糟worsen/ get worse/ go from bad to worse/ go downhill汹涌的波浪turbulent waves政治动荡political turbulence社会动荡social turbulence湿润的空气humid atmosphere/air浸满水的海绵a wet sponge流星shooting / falling star流星雨meteor shower 流星群meteor swarm性变态行为sexual deviation偏离……deviation/ deviate from…性变态a sexual deviant一个切实可行的建议a viable proposal经济上可行economically viable蝴蝶效应The Butterfly Effect超过…，…以上beyond=after …=later than …= exceeding…一文不值的 worthless/valueless/useless或be of no earthly use/ be totally useless是…的原因 is the reason for / behind…人口大爆炸/人口激增population explosion一连串a chain of … 大约，估摸着，约莫着(something) of / in / on the order of … 初始阶段at the initial stage / phase早期肿瘤incipient tumor曙光the incipient light of day开场白opening remarks [opening多指“书、电影、歌剧等开头的场景”]电影开场the opening scene of the movie预考/预选赛a preliminary exam / contest一直……all the way查表，读数 take the meter reading /read the meter在正午precisely at noon计算，运算work out / figure out /compute / reckon [compute强调用计算机进行计算]大量/迅速增加… will have snowballed/proliferated to …激增/暴涨… will have multiplied /rocketed/ soared to …等等and so on全球范围/世界范围内on a / an global / international / world / worldwide scale🔥复盘测试天气预报公司年度销售预报投机性投资猜测投机房地产投机恶化到…变差/变糟汹涌的波浪政治动荡社会动荡湿润的空气浸满水的海绵流星流星雨流星群性变态行为偏离……性变态一个切实可行的建议经济上可行蝴蝶效应超过…，…以上一文不值的是…的原因人口大爆炸/人口激增一连串大约，估摸着，约莫着初始阶段早期肿瘤曙光开场白电影开场预考/预选赛一直……查表，读数在正午计算，运算大量/迅速增加…激增/暴涨… 等等全球范围/世界范围内
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