🎈本文作者是Alexis Carrel，他是French surgeon and Nobel laureate（诺贝尔获奖者）。The text is an excerpt from ‘Man the Unknown’. Alexis wrote ‘Man the Unknown’ in 1935,expounding his elitist philosophy（精英主义哲学）In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected.在工业生活的组织中，工厂对工人的生理和精神状态的影响完全被忽视了。🎈In the organization of industrial life是时间状语。of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers作influence的后置定语。🎈该句为文章的topic sentence（主题句）🎈在…的过程中/期间in sth. / doing sth.例句In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity.为了/以感谢…in return / reward for …或in appreciation of …表示一种目的或行为对（某人的功劳或成就）表示认可in recognition of …为了纪念某人；向某人表示敬意in honor of …[可为生者或逝者]追思/悼念某人in memory of …例句He wrote a long poem in memory of his late wife.他写了一首长诗悼念亡妻。🎈industrial adj.工业的，产业的工业革命the Industrial Revolution产业工人industrial workersindustrious/ diligent adj.勤奋的🎈…对…的影响the influence/effect/impact of … on / upon …例句父母对孩子的影响the influence of parents on / upon their children肥料对农作物的影响the effect of fertilizers on / upon the crops石油泄漏对海洋生物的影响the impact of the oil spill on / upon marine life🎈对…的忠诚/奉献devotion / dedication/ loyalty / allegiance to …例句发誓效忠女王swear an oath of loyalty / allegiance to the queen对…的爱love / affection for …对…的热情zest / passion / enthusiasm for …对…的同情pity / compassion / sympathy for …Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible.现代工业的基本概念是：以最低成本获取最多产品，为的是让某个个人或某一部分人尽可能多地赚钱。🎈of the maximum production at lowest cost中of引出conception的同位语。in order that…是目的状从。🎈conception n. 理念，构想；怀孕conceive v.构思；怀孕concept n.概念，理念🎈“增加产量”译increase production，而不说increase the amount of production，the amount of是赘余成分，之前有提到过。同理，下列表达也需要删去赘余成分：promote （the cause of） peaceful reunificationaccelerate （the speed of） economic reformelevate the living standards （for the people）🎈随着经验的积累with experience √with accumulating experience ×随着时间的流逝with time √with passing time ×随着季节的更替with seasons √with changing seasons ×[标有×的表达很赘余，]同理还有：正义事业the cause of justice √the cause of national reunification ×the cause of socialist construction ×国家统一national reunification和社会主义建设socialist construction本身就是一种cause事业，不需要再赘述。🎈老板the boss 董事会board of directors🎈为了让某人能……for sb. to doIt has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory.现代工业发展起来了，却根本没想到操作机器的人的本质。工厂把一种人为的生存方式强加给工人，却不顾及这种生存方式给工人及其后代带来的影响。🎈定语从句who run the machines修饰the human beings。and连接前后两个without结构。produced on the individuals and on their descendants是the effects的后置定语，by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory修饰 “the effects…descendants” 整个部分。🎈expand v.（尺寸或数量）扩大 to become larger in size, number or amount拓展业务/扩胸（运动）expand business / one’s chestcontract v.收缩stretch v.延伸，延展舒活筋骨stretch one’s legs例句The forest stretched all the way to the horizon.森林一直延伸到地平线。He yawned and stretched.他打了个哈欠，伸了伸懒腰。dilate v.（直径）膨胀放大了的瞳孔dilated pupils扩张血管dilate blood vesselsinflate v.（充气）使膨胀给球充气inflate the ball通货膨胀inflationmagnify v.（用光学仪器）放大放大镜magnifying glassamplify v.放大（电流、信号、声音等）扩音器/扬声器amplifier🎈… without giving any consideration to the true nature of human beings …=… totally neglecting the true nature of human beings …。其中，the true nature of human beings指“身心健康”physiological and mental state / physical and spiritual well-being🎈考虑…give consideration to …/give thought to …导致…give rise to …生育…give birth to …被…代替/取代give way to …给某人赊账give credit to sb🎈mode n.模式 particular way or manner生活/生存/思维模式mode of life / existence / thoughtThe great cities have been built with no regard for us.大城市的建设毫不关心我们。🎈忽略，不考虑，不关心with no regard for …without any idea of …without giving any consideration to …neglect …The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them.摩天大楼外形和面积完全是按这样的需要修建的：每平方英尺地皮取得最大收入和向租房人提供使他满意的办公室和住房。🎈…的必要性the necessity of doing sth.=it is necessary to do sth出于需要out of necessity…是必需的be a necessity/mustcompulsory a.必须做的必修课a compulsory course选修课an optional / elective course🎈向某人提供某物offer sth. to sb.This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together.这样就导致了许多摩天大厦拔地而起，大厦内众多的人挤地一起。🎈mass n. 一大群人[=throng或a large crowd]一大群人a mass / throng of people面向群众的教育mass education大众传媒mass media大规模杀伤武器weapons of mass destruction大规模失业问题problems of mass unemploymentCivilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life.文明人喜欢这样一种生活方式。在享受自己住宅的舒适和庸俗的豪华时，却没有意识到被剥夺了生活所必需的东西。🎈dwelling n.住所 [=residence / domicile]dwell v.居住dweller n.居民寒舍my humble dwelling城市居民city dwellers🎈the necessities of life指the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature, the intimacy of people, etc.。“…they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life”相当于But city dwellers are deprived of all these valuable things in the concrete jungle [the concrete jungle “钢筋混凝土的丛林”常比喻“城市”]The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. 大得吓人的高楼和阴暗狭窄的街道组成了今日现代化的城市。街道上充斥着汽油味和有毒气体，出租汽车、卡车、公共汽车的噪音刺耳难忍，络绎不绝的人群挤来挤去。🎈由……组成consist of …be made up of …be composed of …comprise …组成……comprise …make up …compose …constitute …🎈空气污染air pollution噪音污染noise pollution战乱纷扰的国家a country torn by war人口过多问题the problem of overpopulationObviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants. 显然，现代化的城市不是为居民的利益而规划的。🎈该句为文章的concluding sentence（结论句）。就本文而言，主题句和结论句之间的篇幅为supporting sentences（支撑句）🎈为了……的利益for the good of …for the sake of …for the benefit of …in the interest of …on behalf of …🔥必背词汇consideration n.考虑仔细考虑这个问题give careful consideration to the question…值得认真考虑 …merit / deserve serious consideration正在考虑中be under consideration一个不值得考虑的问题a matter beneath consideration把…考虑进去take … into consideration / accountdescendant n. 后裔，子孙[C]孔子的直系后代a direct descendant of Confuciusoffspring n. 后裔，子孙[单复同形]父母和子女之间的冲突conflicts between parents and their offspringposterity n.泛指子孙后代ancestor/forefather/forebear n.祖宗，祖先predecessor n.前任，前辈successor n.后辈，继任者descend v.1是某人后代2（使）下降ascend v.（使）上升按照降序in descending order按照升序in ascending order是…的后代be descended from …/be descendants of…例句We are all descended from Yandi and Huangdi. = We are all descendants of Yandi and Huangdi.我们都是炎黄子孙。condescend v.屈尊，俯就例句The general condescended to dine with the soldiers.transcend v.超越，跨越例句The best movies are those which transcend national and cultural barriers.[跨越了国家和文化界限]artificial a. 人工的，人造的，假的假花/假肢/人工智能/人工呼吸 artificial flowers / limbs / intelligence (AI) / respirationsynthetic a.人造的[指用化学方式合成的]合成纤维/橡胶synthetic fibers / rubbersimulated a.仿制的[源自动词simulate “模仿，模拟”]仿制裘皮/珠宝simulated fur / jewelsfalse a.人造的，假的假发/假牙false hair / teethfake / counterfeit a.假的 [不合法]伪钞fake / counterfeit moneyforged a.伪造的伪造的签名a forged signaturepirated a.盗版的盗版光盘/书刊/软件 pirated CDs / books / software [software不可数]impose n. 强加把…强加在某人身上impose / force sth. on / upon sb.把…施加在某人身上exert sth. on / upon sb.把（尤指痛苦的事）强加给某人inflict sth. on / upon sb.例句Please don’t inflict your love on me.别把你的爱意强加给我。【词根】pose“放置”impose v.强加expose v.暴露propose v.求婚；提议oppose v.反对，反抗dispose v.布置，安排，部署interpose v.插入，放入depose v.废黜，罢免compose v.组成decompose v.腐蚀，分解transpose v.互换位置juxtapose v.并列，并排dimension n. 空间的量度例句Please specify the dimensions of your room (the length, the width and the height of your room).请说明您房间的尺寸（包括长度、宽度和高度）。三维的three-dimensional第四维度the fourth dimensionskyscraper n. 摩天大楼摩天大楼skyscraper/high-rise/edifice/edifymansion公馆，大宅门例句红楼梦A Dream of Red Mansions独栋别墅detached house豪华/度假别墅villa半独立式别墅semi-detached house联排/城市别墅row house / town house平房bungalow村舍cottage小木屋hut冰屋Iglooluxury n. 奢侈，豪华；奢侈品过着奢侈/贫穷的生活live in luxury / povertynecessity n.必需（品）生活基本必需品basic necessities of daily lifeluxurious/fancy a.豪华的luxuriant n.枝繁叶茂的，（植物）茂盛的热带地区枝繁叶茂的植物luxuriant plants of the tropicsdeprive v. 剥夺剥夺某人…deprive/ strip / divest sb. of sth.例句Some criminals are deprived of political rights.一些罪犯被剥夺了政治权利。剥夺某人…（多指财产）dispossess sb. of sth.剥夺某人继承权disinherit sb.例句He has disinherited his eldest son.a.贫穷的 deprived/ poor/ disadvantaged/underprivileged/impoverished/destitutetoxic adj. 有毒的有毒的化学物质/物质/尾气toxic chemicals / substances / exhaust fumesnoxious adj. 有毒的例句Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless and noxious gas.一氧化碳是一种无色无味的有毒气体。venomous adj. （动物）有毒的；人心恶毒的，蛇蝎心肠的毒蛇/有毒昆虫venomous snakes / insects言语尖酸刻薄，毒舌a venomous tongueintoxicate v.1使醉酒2使陶醉陶醉在…之中be intoxicated by / with…例句He was thoroughly intoxicated.他彻底醉了。He was intoxicated by / with success.他陶醉在成功之中。throng v. 挤满人例句Tourists thronged the Imperial Palace.游客将故宫挤得满满当当。（某处）挤满了…be thronged / crowded / packed with …例句The streets were thronged / crowded / packed with Christmas shoppers.（某处）到处是/挤满了…be swarming / teeming with …例句The campus was swarming / teeming with students.🔥重点表达仔细考虑这个问题give careful consideration to the question…值得认真考虑 …merit / deserve serious consideration正在考虑中be under consideration一个不值得考虑的问题a matter beneath consideration把…考虑进去take … into consideration / account孔子的直系后代a direct descendant of Confucius父母和子女之间的冲突conflicts between parents and their offspring按照降序in descending order按照升序in ascending order是…的后代be descended from …/be descendants of…假花/假肢/人工智能/人工呼吸 artificial flowers / limbs / intelligence (AI) / respiration合成纤维/橡胶synthetic fibers / rubber假发/假牙false hair / teeth伪钞fake / counterfeit money伪造的签名a forged signature盗版光盘/书刊/软件 pirated CDs / books / software [software不可数]把…强加在某人身上impose / force sth. on / upon sb.把…施加在某人身上exert sth. on / upon sb.把（尤指痛苦的事）强加给某人inflict sth. on / upon sb.第四维度the fourth dimension摩天大楼skyscraper/high-rise/edifice/edify过着奢侈/贫穷的生活live in luxury / poverty生活基本必需品basic necessities of daily life剥夺某人…deprive/ strip / divest sb. of sth.剥夺某人…（多指财产）dispossess sb. of sth.剥夺某人继承权disinherit sb.有毒的化学物质/物质/尾气toxic chemicals / substances / exhaust fumes毒蛇/有毒昆虫venomous snakes / insects言语尖酸刻薄，毒舌a venomous tongue陶醉在…之中be intoxicated by / with……挤满了（某处）…throng …（某处）挤满了…be thronged / crowded / packed with …（某处）到处是/挤满了…be swarming / teeming with …在…的过程中/期间in sth. / doing sth.为了/以感谢…in return / reward for …或in appreciation of …[表示一种目的或行为]对（某人的功劳或成就）表示认可in recognition of …为了纪念某人；向某人表示敬意in honor of …[可为生者或逝者]追思/悼念某人in memory of …工业革命the Industrial Revolution产业工人industrial workers…对…的影响the influence/effect/impact of … on / upon …对…的忠诚/奉献devotion / dedication/ loyalty / allegiance to …对…的爱love / affection for …对…的热情zest / passion / enthusiasm for …对…的同情pity / compassion / sympathy for …老板the boss 董事会board of directors为了让某人能……for sb. to do拓展业务/扩胸（运动）expand business / one’s chest舒活筋骨stretch one’s legs给球充气inflate the ball通货膨胀inflation放大镜magnifying glass扩音器/扬声器amplifier考虑…give consideration to …/give thought to …导致…give rise to …生育…give birth to …被…代替/取代give way to …给某人赊账give credit to sb生活/生存/思维模式mode of life / existence / thought忽略，不考虑，不关心with no regard for ……的必要性the necessity of doing sth.=it is necessary to do sth出于需要out of necessity…是必需的be a necessity/must必修课a compulsory course选修课an optional / elective course向某人提供某物offer sth. to sb.一大群人a mass / throng of people面向群众的教育mass education大众传媒mass media大规模杀伤武器weapons of mass destruction大规模失业问题problems of mass unemployment寒舍my humble dwelling城市居民city dwellers空气污染air pollution噪音污染noise pollution为了……的利益for the good of …🔥复盘测试仔细考虑这个问题…值得认真考虑 …正在考虑中一个不值得考虑的问题把…考虑进去孔子的直系后代父母和子女之间的冲突按照降序按照升序是…的后代假花/假肢/人工智能/人工呼吸合成纤维/橡胶假发/假牙伪钞伪造的签名盗版光盘/书刊/软件把…强加在某人身上把…施加在某人身上把（尤指痛苦的事）强加给某人第四维度摩天大楼过着奢侈/贫穷的生活生活基本必需品剥夺某人…剥夺某人…（多指财产）剥夺某人继承权disinherit sb.有毒的化学物质/物质/尾气毒蛇/有毒昆虫言语尖酸刻薄，毒舌陶醉在…之中…挤满了（某处）（某处）挤满了…（某处）到处是/挤满了…在…的过程中/期间为了/以感谢…对（某人的功劳或成就）表示认可为了纪念某人；向某人表示敬意追思/悼念某人工业革命产业工人…对…的影响对…的忠诚/奉献对…的爱对…的热情对…的同情老板董事会为了让某人能……拓展业务/扩胸（运动）e舒活筋骨给球充气通货膨胀放大镜扩音器/扬声器考虑…导致…生育…被…代替/取代给某人赊账生活/生存/思维模式忽略，不考虑，不关心…的必要性出于需要…是必需的必修课选修课向某人提供某物一大群人面向群众的教育大众传媒大规模杀伤武器大规模失业问题寒舍城市居民空气污染噪音污染为了……的利益
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