William S. Hart was, perhaps, the greatest of all Western stars, for unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns.威廉·S·哈特大概是美国西部电影明星中的佼佼者。他和加里·古柏、约翰·韦恩不同，他只在西部电影中扮演角色。🎈for unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns是原因状从，其中unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne又是原因状从中的状语成分。🎈出演一部电影appear / act / perform in a film / movie主演（…电影）play the lead in …例句John Wayne played the lead in Stagecoach.star v.1（sb作主语）人出演电影 2（电影作主语）电影由sb主演例句John Wayne starred in Stagecoach.Stagecoach starred John Wayne.co-star v.联袂主演例句Gary Cooper co-starred with Grace Kelly in High Noon.High Noon co-starred Gary Cooper and Grace Kelly.feature v.（电影）由某人主演[只能电影作主语]例句The movie featured Bruce Willis.🎈三个“不定代词+but”表达：只不过是，只有nothing but = nothing more than = only 可修饰n例句Nothing but a miracle can save her now.现在只有奇迹能救她。一点也不anything but = not … at all 可修饰n/adj等例句He is anything but a hero / stupid.几乎，差不多all but = almost / virtually可修饰adj/adv例句It’s all but impossible to read his writing. 他的书写太难辨认了。From 1914 to 1924 he was supreme and unchallenged. 在1914年至1924年期间，他首屈一指，独霸影坛。🎈supreme and unchallenged：同义词连用，以加强效果。近义词：incomparable/ unequalled/peerless /be second to none例句When it comes to singing, Mary is second to none.玛丽唱歌排第一。It was Hart who created the basic formula of the Western film, and devised the protagonist he played in every film he made, the good-bad man, the accidental, noble outlaw, or the honest, but framed cowboy, or the sheriff made suspect by vicious gossip; in short, the individual in conflict with himself and his frontier environment.正是他创造了西部电影的基调，即在他自己的拍摄的影片中他所塑造的主人公形象：被认为是坏人的好人，出人意料的高尚的逃犯，诚实却遭陷害的牛仔或因流言蜚语蒙受嫌疑的司法官。总之，主人公是一个自相矛盾，又与他的拓荒环境相矛盾的人物。🎈It was Hart who…是强调句。he played in every film he made修饰the protagonist。the good-bad man …the individual in conflict with himself and his frontier environment整个都是the protagonist的同位语。🎈强调句型：it is / was … that / who …。一般而言，sb要用who，sth用that。但在特定文体中，sth有时也用which。🎈formula n.配方，处方；[引申]基本模式pl. formulas / formulae均可新药/洗衣粉的配方the formula for a new drug / the washing powder🎈devise v.设计出，构思出，想出例句The cartoon character Mickey Mouse(米老鼠) was devised by Walt Disney in 1928.近义词conceive/ come up with🎈fabricate / concoct v. 捏造，编造/调制编一个借口fabricate / concoct an excuse🎈好心肠的坏人the good-bad man：运用了矛盾修饰法 （Oxymoron）同样的例子还有：bad-good news 不好的好消息[以bad为主]a cold warm embrace 冷冰冰的热烈拥抱 [以cold为主]sick health 憔悴的健康sweet sorrow甜蜜的悲伤a damned saint该死的圣人a beautiful tyrant美丽的暴君an honorable murder正直的谋杀者🎈accidental a.偶然的，不经意的incidental a.附带的，附属的，次要的杂费incidental expenses电影配乐incidental music for the movie顺便说一下incidentally=by the way🎈suspect v.怀疑 a.可疑的怀疑… suspect that …/ suspect sb. of doing🎈vicious adj. 邪恶的=wicked; evil; malicious恶性/良性循环a vicious/ virtuous circle恶性/良性肿瘤a malignant/ benign tumor🎈简言之in shortin sumin summaryto sum upto summarizesimply put🎈与…有冲突in conflict (with …)把（痛苦的）事情强加给某人inflict sth. on sb.折磨某人afflict sb.被…（痛苦地）折磨be afflicted with / by …Unlike most of his contemporaries in Hollywood, Hart actually knew something of the old West.哈特与大部分同时代在好莱坞的演员不同，他确实了解西部早期拓荒生活的一些情况。🎈contemporary n.同时代的人；当代的人counterpart n.与自己身份地位相当的人例句Chinese President Xi Jinping and his American counterpart Barack Obama agreed to establish a strategic partnership.中his American counterpart相当于American President。He had lived in it as a child when it was already disappearing, and his hero was firmly rooted in his memories and experiences, and in both the history and the mythology of the vanished frontier.作为一个孩子他曾在西部生活过，当时西部拓荒生活正在消失。他塑造的英雄人物深深地扎根于他本人的记忆和经历之中，也扎根于有关已经消失的拓荒生活的历史和神话之中。🎈and （was firmly rooted）in both the history and the mythology是省略句，省略时一般要保留介词。🎈根植于/扎根于be rooted in …be embedded in …be entrenched in …be ingrained in …a.根深蒂固的(可接好的事物或坏的事物) deep-seated / deep-rooted例句对上帝深信不疑a deep-seated faith in god根深蒂固的坏习惯a deep-rooted bad habita.根深蒂固的(接坏的事物) inveterate例句一个老烟鬼/酒鬼/赌棍/撒谎大王an inveterate smoker / drinker / gambler / liar🎈起源于have its roots in …stem from …originate in …例句Printing has its roots in / stems from / originates in China. 印刷术起源于中国。And although no period or place in American history has been more absurdly romanticized, myth and reality did join hands in at least one arena, the conflict between the individual and encroaching civilization. 虽然在美国历史上没有任何时期或地区像西部拓荒时期那样被荒谬地浪漫主义化了，但神话和事实至少在某一个舞台上共存，也就是存在于个人与渐渐闯入的文明这两者的冲突之中。🎈共存 join hands= co-exist🎈conflict n. 冲突=clash; collisionMen accustomed to struggling for survival against the elements and Indians were bewildered by politicians, bankers and businessmen, and unhorsed by fences, laws and alien taboos.习惯与大自然和印第安人作斗争以求生存的拓荒者被政客、银行家和商人搞得晕头转向，最后被圈地、法律和外来的清规戒律所击败。🎈习惯于…be accustomed to sth. / doing = be used to sth. / doing🎈基本元素basic element (earth, water, fire, air)大自然the elements战天斗地，和大自然作斗争fight / battle / struggle against the elements和困难作斗争fight / battle / struggle against the odds例句They would have continued to struggle against economic odds and would have lived in obscurity.🎈unhorse vt. 使下马Harf’s good-bad man was always an outsider, always one of the disinherited, and if he found it necessary to shoot a sheriff or rob a bank along the way, his early audiences found it easy to understand and forgive, especially when it was Hart who, in the end, overcame the attacking Indians.哈特扮演的被误为坏人的好人总是一个局外人，总是一个被剥夺继承权的人。如果他认为在进行过程中有必要枪击一个司法官或抢劫一个银行，他的早期观众很容易接受，觉得应该原谅他，特别是当哈特最后战胜了前来进攻的印第安人时。🎈条件状从if he found it necessary to shoot a sheriff or rob a bank along the way中，it是形式宾语，不定式to shoot a sheriff or rob a bank along the way是真正宾语。his early audiences found it easy to understand and forgive同理。时间状从especially when it was Hart who…涉及强调句句型。Audiences in the second decade of the twentieth century found it pleasant to escape to a time when life, though hard, was relatively simple.生活在20世纪20年代的观众认为，逃到一个即使艰苦但比较简朴的时代中去是件愉快的事。🎈介词短语in the second decade of the twentieth century作audiences的后置定语。found it pleasant to escape to a time when life, though hard, was relatively simple中it是形式宾语，不定式to escape to a time是真正宾语，定语从句when life, though hard, was relatively simple修饰a time。🎈 decade 10年century 100年millennium 1000年千禧年发展目标Millennium Development GoalsWe still do; living in a world in which undeclared aggression, war, hypocrisy, chicanery, anarchy and impending immolation are part of our daily lives, we all want a code to live by.我们今天仍有这种感觉。如今，不宣而战的侵略、战争、虚伪、诈骗、无政府状态以及即将临头的毁灭成了我们日常生活的一部分，我们都希望有一个赖以生存的行为准则。🎈We still do中的do指代上文出现过的谓语部分，相当于We still find it pleasant to escape to a time when life, though hard, was relatively simple。living in a world in which … are part of our daily lives整个作原因状语，其中in which … are part of our daily lives是定从，修饰a world。🎈按照…生活live by …例句I have always tried to live by my faith.我总是按自己的信仰而活。🔥必背词汇supreme adj. 至高无上的（权力，重要性或影响）最大的，至高无上的最高指挥官the supreme commander最高法院the Supreme Court最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court中级人民法院the Intermediate People’s Court耶稣，基督the Supreme Being最为重要reign supreme例句As a wine producer, France still reigns supreme. 作为葡萄酒制造商，法国地位非常重要。supremacy n. 至高无上;最大权力;霸权军事霸权 military supremacy大男子主义male supremacy大男子主义者male supremacistprotagonist n. 主角主角leading role / part男主角leading man 女主角leading lady配角supporting role 群众演员extra n.特技男演员stunt man 特技女演员stunt woman喜剧演员，丑角comedian 喜剧女演员comedienne悲剧演员tragedian 悲剧女演员tragedienneframed adj. 遭到陷害的陷害某人set up sb./frame sb例句I’ve been framed!我是被陷害的！（把非法/走私的东西放在某人身上）诬赖某人plant sth. on sb.例句It was planted on me! I never touched those pants.我是被栽赃陷害的！我根本没碰过那些裤子。mythology n. [U]神话（指体裁）区分myth n.[C]神话希腊神话Greek myths/ mythology[C]→[U]诗歌poem →poetry小说novel →fiction风景scene →scenery珠宝jewel →jewellery (jewelry)机器machine →machinerytable / chair …→家具furniturepen / pencil …→文具stationery 箱子/行李箱trunk /suitcase …→行李/包裹luggage / baggage树叶leaf →foliagevanished adj. 消失了的消失得无影无踪disappear / vanish without trace逐渐/慢慢消失fade / fade away例句As the years passed, the memories faded away. arena n. 竞技场例句Women are entering the political arena in large numbers.女性正大批进入政坛。例句Successfully hosting the Olympic Games will significantly enhance China’s image in the international arena. 成功的主办奥运会将极大地提高中国在国际舞台上的形象。encroaching adj. 渐渐渗入的侵占/蚕食encroach on / upon …例句Housing developments continue to encroach on wildlife habitats.房地产开发持续侵占着野生动物的栖息地。例句The Chinese government and people can never accept any act that encroaches upon China’s sovereignty.中国政府和人民绝不会接受任何侵犯中国主权的行为。侵占/侵犯infringe on …非法入侵trespass on …vt.侵略invade例句The infected cells can invade healthy tissue.被感染的细胞会入侵健康的组织。Indian n. 印度人；印第安人下列词语：（含贬义→礼貌称呼）Negro →BlackAfrican-American→Afro-AmericanEskimo →InuitOriental→ Asian或直接用国籍表示（Chinese / Korean / Japanese）bewilder v. 使不知所措，使迷惑例句Big city traffic bewildered the country girl.大城市的车水马龙让这个乡村女孩不知所措。近义1 confuse [和bewilder一样，都是强调因选择过多过杂而使人困惑]2 puzzle / perplex / baffle[强调因为事物本身复杂而使人困惑]例句The murder case still puzzled / perplexed / baffled the police.bewildered a.（人）困惑不解的bewildering a.（事物）令人困惑的alien adj. 陌生的；格格不入的；外国的；外星的与…格格不入be alien to例句The idea is alien to our religion.这个想法不符合我们的宗教信仰。Luxury is alien to her nature.奢侈不是她的本性。外国文化alien cultures外星人alien beings from another planet近义1 foreign例句Jealousy is foreign to his nature. 嫉妒不是他的本性。2 exotic a.异域风情的，异国的3 extrinsic (to …)寻求外援look for extrinsic aidintrinsic 内在的内部和外部因素的结合a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factorsdisinherit v. 剥夺……的继承权剥夺某人的继承权disinherit sb.例句He has disinherited his eldest son.继承某人的财产inherit sth. from sb.例句He inherited a fortune from his grandfather.剥夺某人的财产dispossess sb. of sth.例句The nobles were dispossessed of their estates.剥夺某人的权力deprive sb. of sth.例句Some criminals are deprived of political rights.剥夺某人的…strip sb. of sth./ divest sb. of sth.hypocrisy n. 虚伪，伪善hypocritical a.虚伪的，伪善的hypocrite n.伪君子，伪善的人反义sincere a.真诚的，诚挚的sincerity n. 真诚，诚挚impending adj. 迫在眉睫的，即将发生的即将发生impending / imminent a. [后接坏事]例句an ~ danger / disaster / threat / faminecoming/ upcoming /forthcoming /approaching a. [后接好事或坏事]例句来年the coming year即将到来的假期the upcoming holiday即将到来的选举the approaching electionloom v.[坏事]逼近我的生日快来了。My birthday is fast approaching.My birthday is coming soon.My birthday is near at hand.My birthday is coming up.My birthday is just around the corner.code n. 密码；编码；法规，准则密码信a letter in code破译密码decipher / break / crack a code邮编postcode (zip code)条形码bar code刑法典penal code交规traffic code行为准则code of conduct道德准则code of ethics🔥重点表达最高指挥官the supreme commander最高法院the Supreme Court最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court中级人民法院the Intermediate People’s Court耶稣，基督the Supreme Being最为重要reign supreme军事霸权 military supremacy大男子主义male supremacy大男子主义者male supremacist主角leading role / part男主角leading man 女主角leading lady配角supporting role 群众演员extra n.特技男演员stunt man 特技女演员stunt woman喜剧演员，丑角comedian 喜剧女演员comedienne悲剧演员tragedian 悲剧女演员tragedienne陷害某人set up sb./frame sb（把非法/走私的东西放在某人身上）诬赖某人plant sth. on sb.希腊神话Greek myths/ mythology消失得无影无踪disappear / vanish without trace逐渐/慢慢消失fade / fade away侵占/蚕食encroach on / upon …侵占/侵犯infringe on …非法入侵trespass on …侵略invade与…格格不入be alien to外国文化alien cultures外星人alien beings from another planet寻求外援look for extrinsic aid内部和外部因素的结合a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors剥夺某人的继承权disinherit sb.继承某人的财产inherit sth. from sb.剥夺某人的财产dispossess sb. of sth.剥夺某人的权力deprive sb. of sth.剥夺某人的…strip sb. of sth./ divest sb. of sth.来年the coming year即将到来的假期the upcoming holiday即将到来的选举the approaching election密码信a letter in code破译密码decipher / break / crack a code邮编postcode (zip code)条形码bar code刑法典penal code交规traffic code行为准则code of conduct道德准则code of ethics出演一部电影appear / act / perform in a film / movie主演（…电影）play the lead in …只不过是，只有nothing but = nothing more than = only一点也不anything but = not … at all几乎，差不多all but = almost / virtually新药/洗衣粉的配方the formula for a new drug / the washing powder好心肠的坏人the good-bad man编一个借口fabricate / concoct an excuse电影配乐incidental music for the movie顺便说一下incidentally=by the way恶性/良性循环a vicious/ virtuous circle恶性/良性肿瘤a malignant/ benign tumor简言之in short与…有冲突in conflict (with …)把（痛苦的）事情强加给某人inflict sth. on sb.折磨某人afflict sb.被…（痛苦地）折磨be afflicted with / by …根植于/扎根于be rooted in …根深蒂固的(可接好的事物或坏的事物) deep-seated / deep-rooted一个老烟鬼/酒鬼/赌棍/撒谎大王an inveterate smoker / drinker / gambler / liar起源于have its roots in …共存 join hands= co-exist习惯于…be accustomed to sth. / doing = be used to sth. / doing大自然the elements战天斗地，和大自然作斗争fight / battle / struggle against the elements和困难作斗争fight / battle / struggle against the odds千禧年发展目标Millennium Development Goals按照…生活live by …🔥复盘测试最高指挥官最高法院最高人民法院中级人民法院耶稣，基督最为重要军事霸权大男子主义大男子主义者主角男主角女主角配角群众演员特技男演员特技女演员喜剧演员，丑角喜剧女演员悲剧演员悲剧女演员陷害某人（把非法/走私的东西放在某人身上）诬赖某人希腊神话消失得无影无踪逐渐/慢慢消失侵占/蚕食侵占/侵犯非法入侵侵略与…格格不入外国文化外星人寻求外援内部和外部因素的结合剥夺某人的继承权继承某人的财产剥夺某人的财产剥夺某人的权力剥夺某人的…来年即将到来的假期即将到来的选举密码信破译密码邮编条形码刑法典交规行为准则道德准则出演一部电影主演（…电影）只不过是，只有一点也不几乎，差不多新药/洗衣粉的配方好心肠的坏人编一个借口电影配乐顺便说一下恶性/良性循环恶性/良性肿瘤简言之与…有冲突把（痛苦的）事情强加给某人折磨某人被…（痛苦地）折磨根植于/扎根于根深蒂固的(可接好的事物或坏的事物)一个老烟鬼/酒鬼/赌棍/撒谎大王起源于共存习惯于…大自然战天斗地，和大自然作斗争和困难作斗争千禧年发展目标按照…生活
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