Nanjing the Beloved City🔥提示：文章标题表达的作者对南京这座城市真情实感的流露，译作Cute、Lovely等词当然可以，但不妨考虑再把作者的感情色彩加入进来，译作Beloved，让读者瞥见标题便能知道全文的感情基调，从而调整好阅读此文的心理状态。南京，她有层出不穷的风流人物和彪炳千秋的不朽业绩。Nanjing has witnessed the continuous emergence of many distinguished talents and noble hearts as well as monumental achievements that shone through the ages.🎈“有”译法很多，比如there be、boast等等。参考译文选择witness一词，以Nanjing作主语，一方面用词新颖，让人眼前一亮，另一方面witness（见证）一词给人一种“历史在流动”的感觉。所谓的“风流人物”和“不朽业绩”本就不是冷冰冰的belong to关系，而是在岁月的长河中不断积累下来的。🎈此句中的“风流人物”指对一个时代有很大影响的人物，现译为distinguished talents and noble hearts（可理解为“人杰”）。除此之外，本句中的用词（如：continuous、distinguished、noble、monumental、age等等）非常大气，符合原文风格，这些词本身也是值得积累的好词汇；下句亦然。🎈动词时态变化：shine-shone-shined-shining-shines🎈古往今来，这么多年来through the ages，其中age的复数形式ages专指“很长一段时间”。大都会特有的凝聚力，吸引了无数风云人物、仁人志士在这里角逐争雄，一逞豪彦。Attracted by her special appeal, a great number of powerful figures and people actuated by high ideals have stayed in or frequented this metropolis to contend for the lead or to give play to their genius and virtues.🎈学习“大都会特有的凝聚力，吸引了”的处理方法：先是将“被特有的凝聚力吸引”译出，修饰“风云人物、仁人志士”，且用her一词指代南京，与用it相比，感情色彩上更胜一筹；然后将“大都会”和后半句的“在这里”合并翻译，译作have stayed in or frequented this metropolis，使得译文结构紧密，安排合理。其中，frequent指“常到、常去、常出入于某地”。本文用词丰富、准确，值得积累。🎈“风云人物”指活跃一时，言论行为能影响大局的人物，现译为powerful figures。🎈“仁人志士”原指仁爱而有节操，能为正义牺牲生命的人，泛指爱国而为革命事业出力的人。现译为people actuated by high ideals（为崇高理想奋斗的人）。🎈“角逐争雄”指互相角逐，争雄天下，现译为contend for the lead。🎈“一逞豪彦”指充分发挥广博的才能，现译为give play to their genius and virtues。其中give (full) play to指“（充分）发挥”，是政工中常见的表达。从孙权、谢安到洪秀全、孙中山，从祖冲之、葛洪到李时珍、郑和，从刘勰、萧统到曹雪芹、吴敬梓，从王羲之、顾恺之到徐悲鸿、傅抱石，还有陶行知、杨廷宝等等，中国历史上一批杰出的政治家、军事家、科学家、文学家、艺术家、教育家、建筑家等荟萃于此，在这块钟灵毓秀的土地上一圆他们的辉煌之梦。Military commanders such as Sun Quan and Xie An; political leaders such as Hong Xiuquati and Dr. Sun Yat-sen; scientists like Zu Chongzhi, Ge Hong, Li Shizhen and Zheng He; men of letters such as Liu Xie, Xiao Tong, Cao Xueqin and Wu Jingzi; artists like Wang Xizhi, Gu Kaizhi, Xu Beihong and Fu Baoshi; educators such as Tao Xingzhi; and architects like Yang Tingbao—all these renowned historical figures used to settle on this blessed land to have their splendid dreams fulfilled.🎈这句译文的妙处在于把“政治家、军事家、科学家、文学家、艺术家、教育家、建筑家”等表示身份的词调整语序，分别加在了对应的人物前，弥补了外国读者缺乏背景知识造成理解偏差的缺憾。🎈“荟萃于此”和上句中“在这里…”其实是一个意思，但译者将此处译为settle on this blessed land，避免了“聚集”和“这里（指南京）”表达的重复，体现了译者词汇量的庞大。🎈“钟灵毓秀”指凝聚了天地间的灵气，孕育着优秀的人物。也就是所谓的“人杰地灵”，现用blessed（有福的）一词译出。🎈“政治家、军事家…、建筑家”后，以all these renowned historical figures进行总结，并用破折号加以连接，安排较为合理。巍巍钟山、滚滚长江养育了他们，为他们提供了施展抱负的舞台，The towering Purple Mountains and the billowing Yangtze River nurtured them and provided them with arenas in which to realize their aspirations. 🎈积累词汇towering、billowing、nurture、arenas、aspirations。其中，将“巍巍”和“滚滚”分别译作towering和billowing，较好地保持了和原文在声、韵上的一致。🎈…arenas in which to realize their aspirations：主句和从句主语一样时，从句主语可以省去，把“what/where/which/when+完整句子”变为“what/where/which/when + to do形式”，比如：The beggar has no money that he can buy food with.=The beggar has no money with which to buy food.= The beggar has no money to buy food。其实这里可以去掉in which，直接译作provided them with arenas to realize their aspirations，不容易引发歧义，因为“realize their aspirations”的逻辑主语可以是“南京”，但也可以是“他们”。他们是中华民族的优秀儿女。他们也以自己的雄才大略、聪明智慧为中华民族的灿烂文明增添了流光溢彩的新篇章。By virtue of their genius, vision, and sagacity, these best and brightest sons and daughters of the nation made spectacular contributions to the resplendent Chinese civilization.🎈“彩虹屁”（并没有否认这些人物成就的意思）也要夸得有水平，上句用they、them指“他们”，此句则又变换表达，译作these best and brightest sons and daughters of the nation，花式指代同一对象。🎈对……作出（巨大）贡献made （spectacular/tremendous/great） contributions to…🎈译文用词相当大气、丰富，已经说倦了，自行积累。后文不再进行提示。南京，她自新中国建立以来发生的巨大而深刻的变化更加令人欢欣鼓舞。“虎踞龙蟠今胜昔，天翻地覆慨而慷。” 从1949年4月23日始，人民真正成为这座古老城市的主人。金陵回春，古城新生，昔日饱尝的屈辱和灾难，至此如同梦魇终被摆脱。The tremendous changes that have taken place in Nanjing since New China was founded are even more inspiring, just as the much quoted couplet from a poem written by the late Chairman Mao Zedong on the occasion of the liberation of the city on April 23, 1949 has it: The city, a tiger crouching, a dragon curling, outshines its ancient glories; In heroic triumph heaven and earth have been overturned. Balmy spring winds returned to bring new life to this historic city, of which the common people came to be the genuine masters. The nightmarish sufferings and humiliations of the past were left behind once and for all.🎈“新中国建立以来”不建议使用New China一词译出，可以将其译为since the foundation of PRC in 1949。🎈该句译时对语序有调整，如：将毛的诗句处理为as引导的从句，和“南京……令人欢欣鼓舞”连成一句，补充了原文的逻辑缺失。又比如，将“金陵回春，古城新生”和其后的半句断开，将后半句“昔日…被摆脱”转而替换成“人民真正成为这座古老城市的主人”，然后再接“昔日…被摆脱”，先总说“新气象”，然后介绍“事实”，逻辑上更合理。🎈最终地；最后地；彻底地；一次了结地once and for all人民在自己的土地上辛勤劳作，把古城南京妆扮得面貌一新。The citizens of Nanjing have been working hard to give this age-old town a new appearance.🎈“古城”也可译ancient town。特别是近十几年来，改革开放又给这座美丽的名城注入了新的活力，Especially for the past ten years or more, the country’s reform and opening-up policy has infused new vigour into this beautiful and famous city.🎈“近几十年”可以说recent decades，那么“近十几年”怎么说？可以借鉴此处的译文for the past ten years or more。另，recent和past均指过去发生的，recent指happened only a short while ago，而past指happened before the present，后者的时间区间要宽于前者。🎈改革开放（政策）reform and opening-up (policy)给……注入新的活力infuse new vigour into…崭新的工业、通达的运输、如画的城市建设、兴盛的第三产业、多彩的文化生活，都使这个具有古都特色的现代都市焕发出勃勃英姿。Newly built industries, an efficient transportation network extending in all directions, picturesque urban construction, a booming tertiary industry, a varied and colourful cultural life, all these and more added charm and vitality to this modem metropolis, which retains somehow the ambience and features of an ancient capital.🎈“崭新的工业”也可译作Emerging industries。🎈all these and more中and more是增译成分，尽管原文并未提及，但字里行间都暗示读者“多彩的文化生活”后不应是逗号，应为省略号，南京的精彩远不止列出的这些，故而补充and more。🎈“焕发出勃勃英姿”即“焕发新光彩”，和上句的“注入新活力”类似，换汤不换药。infuse…into…和add…to…可以交替使用。孙中山先生所预言的:“南京将来之发达未可限量也”，正在逐步成为现实。The prophecy of Dr. Sun Yat-sen father of modern China that “Nanjing will have a future that knows no bounds” is becoming true.🎈Sun Yat-sen：【补充】威妥玛式拼音法（Wade-Giles romanization）又称威妥玛－翟理斯式拼音，简称威氏拼音法。它是1867年开始的，由英国人威妥玛（Thomas Francis Wade，1818年—1895年，今天的习惯应该翻译成托玛斯·韦德）等人合编的注音规则，叫“威氏拼音”。中国清末至1958年汉语拼音方案公布前，中国和国际上流行的中文拼音方案。这个方案被普遍用来拼写中国的人名、地名等，一般称为威妥玛式拼音。威妥玛式拼音，虽然保持了接近英文拼法的一些特点，但是并不完全迁就英文的拼写习惯。例句清华大学 Tsinghua University苏州大学 Soochow University蒋介石 Chiang Kai-shek🎈father of modern China是Dr. Sun Yat-sen的同位语；that “Nanjing will have a future that knows no bounds”则是that引导的同位语从句，指The prophecy。南京,这座古老而又年轻的历史文化名城，是多么的可爱！Nanjing, an old city with a rich and celebrated past, yet vigourous in her new youth—how lovely she is!🎈how lovely she is!是how引导的感叹句。【复习】how引导的感叹句类型：①How＋形容词＋主语＋谓语!②How＋副词＋主语＋谓语!③How＋主语＋动词!④How+ many/much/few/little+ 名词+主语＋谓语!🔥必背词汇beloved adj.深爱的，钟爱的英义A beloved person, thing, or place is one that you feel great affection for.例句The rose is the most romantic of flowers, beloved of poets, singers, and artists.玫瑰是最浪漫的花，深受诗人、歌手和艺术家的喜爱。monumental adj.巨大的，极大的英义You can use monumental to emphasize the size or extent of something.例句It had been a monumental blunder to give him the assignment.当时把这项任务给他是大错特错了。figure cn.知名人士，重要人物英义Someone who is referred to as a figure of a particular kind is a person who is well-known and important in some way.例句The movement is supported by key figures in the three main political parties.这个运动受到三大政党关键人物的支持。🔥重点表达层出不穷的风流人物the continuous emergence of many distinguished talents and noble hearts彪炳千秋的不朽业绩monumental achievements that shone through the ages大都会metropolis风云人物powerful figures仁人志士people actuated by high ideals角逐争雄contend for the lead一逞豪彦give play to their genius and virtues圆他们的辉煌之梦have their splendid dreams fulfilled这块钟灵毓秀的土地this blessed land滚滚长江the billowing Yangtze River施展抱负realize their aspirations以自己的雄才大略、聪明智慧By virtue of their genius, vision, and sagacity中华民族的优秀儿女best and brightest sons and daughters of the nation对……作出（巨大）贡献made （spectacular/tremendous/great） contributions to…中华民族的灿烂文明the resplendent Chinese civilization令人欢欣鼓舞inspiring虎踞龙蟠今胜昔，天翻地覆慨而慷。The city, a tiger crouching, a dragon curling, outshines its ancient glories; In heroic triumph heaven and earth have been overturned.金陵回春，古城新生。Balmy spring winds returned to bring new life to this historic city.成为真正的主人came to be the genuine masters昔日饱尝的屈辱和灾难the nightmarish sufferings and humiliations of the past最终地；最后地；彻底地；一次了结地once and for all古城age-old town辛勤劳作working hard改革开放（政策）reform and opening-up (policy)给……注入新的活力infuse new vigour into…名城famous city崭新的工业Newly built industries通达的运输an efficient transportation network extending in all directions如画的城市建设picturesque urban construction兴盛的第三产业a booming tertiary industry多彩的文化生活a varied and colourful cultural life使…焕发出勃勃英姿add charm and vitality to…古老而又年轻的历史文化名城an old city with a rich and celebrated past, yet vigourous in her new youth🔥复盘测试层出不穷的风流人物彪炳千秋的不朽业绩大都会风云人物仁人志士角逐争雄一逞豪彦圆他们的辉煌之梦这块钟灵毓秀的土地滚滚长江施展抱负以自己的雄才大略、聪明智慧中华民族的优秀儿女对……作出（巨大）贡献中华民族的灿烂文明令人欢欣鼓舞虎踞龙蟠今胜昔，天翻地覆慨而慷。金陵回春，古城新生。成为真正的主人昔日饱尝的屈辱和灾难最终地；最后地；彻底地；一次了结地古城辛勤劳作改革开放（政策）给……注入新的活力名城崭新的工业通达的运输如画的城市建设兴盛的第三产业多彩的文化生活使…焕发出勃勃英姿古老而又年轻的历史文化名城🔥表达对比「可爱的」有几种表达？Nanjing, an old city with a rich and celebrated past, yet vigourous in her new youth—how lovely she is!南京,这座古老而又年轻的历史文化名城，是多么的（可爱）！Hey, it’s a cute little squirrel having a cute little snack.嘿，这是一只（可爱的）小松鼠在吃可爱的小点心。But despite their appeal as adorable diplomats, Chinese pandas have not always been welcomed.尽管熊猫拥有着（可爱的）外表，但这些动物外交官也并不总是受到欢迎。The charming girl’s gentleman friend was said to be high up in the fur business.那（可爱的）姑娘的男朋友据说在皮货商界很有地位。
帕布莉卡