Growing Flowers for the Benefit of All季羡林Ji Xianlin🔥背景知识：《在德国——自己的花是让别人看的》是我国著名教育家、印度学家、散文家季羡林1985年8月写于德国斯图加特邮政旅馆的一篇小品。爱美大概也算是人的天性吧。It is perhaps human nature to love things beautiful.🎈things beautiful写作beautiful things即可，无需像参考译文一样后置。形容词作后置定语一般是a-开头的，比如alive等，以及其他规则，这里不展开说明。宇宙间美的东西很多，花在其中占重要的地位。The universe abounds in things of beauty, flowers being the most prominent among them.🎈看到第一句「宇宙间美的东西很多」，很可能会条件反射there be结构。这里介绍一个非常高级的词汇abound，abound不仅可以替换there be 结构，还可以替换be full of这个短语，比如说想表达「大城市机会很多」，可以用Big cities abound with opportunities来替换Big cities are full of opportunities。🎈flowers being the most prominent among them是独立主格结构。爱花的民族也很多，德国在其中占重要的地位。Many peoples, especially the Germans, love flowers.🎈「爱花的民族也很多」译为many peoples … love flowers，其中peoples （复数）作「许多民族」解。🎈译文中的he Germans作「德国民族」解。四五十年以前我在德国留学的时候，我曾多次对德国人爱花之真切感到吃惊。Upwards of 40 years ago, when I was a student studying in Germany, I was often deeply impressed by the genuine love shown by Germans for flowers.🎈「多次对……感到吃惊」可按「……经常给我留下深刻的印象」译为 I was often deeply impressed by …家家户户都在养花。All German families raised flowers. 🎈养花raise flowers养小孩raise children他们的花不像在中国那样，养在屋子里，他们是把花都栽种在临街窗户的外面。Unlike people in China who kept pot flowers indoors, Germans had their flowers planted outside their windows fronting the street.🎈他们的花不像在中国那样，养在屋子里译为Unlike people in China who kept pot flowers indoors，其中 pot flowers 是按上下文译的，指「盆花」🎈had their flowers planted outside their windows fronting the street是have…done结构，意同主动结构。其中，fronting the street是windows的后置定语，front作动词，表示「朝向……」。例句real estate, which includes undeveloped land fronting the city convention center包括城市会议中心对面未开发土地的房地产花朵都朝外开，在屋子里只能看到花的脊梁。With the opening flowers exposing their front to the street, residents could only see their back.🎈「花朵朝外开」译作exposing their front to the street。expose…..to，在阅读中看到它大家都知道是什么意思，但在写作和翻译中，大家常常会想不起这个词语，因为它的翻译实在太灵活。比如《二笔实务配套训练》第一单元《孟母三迁》中第一句：孟子幼时家迁居墓地附近，耳濡目染的尽是些丧葬礼仪的事情。翻译为：When Mencius was young, his family lived near a cemetery, fully exposed to funeral ceremonies. 这句话里面的「耳濡目染」也处理为expose……to我曾问过我的女房东：“你这样养花是给别人看的吧?”她莞尔一笑说道：“正是这样!”Once I said to my landlady, “You must be growing your flowers for all to enjoy!” “Exactly!” she replied with a sweet smile.🎈正是这样！译为Exactly!此字常见于口语，意同Completely correct!正是这样，也确实不错。走过任何一条街，抬头向上看，家家的窗子前都是花团锦簇，姹紫嫣红。Yes, exactly. Wherever I went in town, I would raise my head only to see all residents’ windows ablaze with flowers.🎈「正是这样，也确实不错」译作Yes, exactly。yes表明认可，exactly再次强调。完美传达原文语气。🎈「家家的窗子前都是花团锦簇，姹紫嫣红」译为all dwellers，windows ablaze with flowers，其中 ablaze with 的意思是 bright and full of color🎈ablaze常用固定搭配：ablaze with light 灯火通明的ablaze with color 五彩缤纷的set sth. ablaze 点燃某物，放火烧某物ablaze with flowers 花团锦簇，姹紫嫣红许多窗子连接在一起，汇成了一个花的海洋，让我们看的人如入山阴道上，应接不暇。And all windows joined together one after another to form a sea of flowers. So visitors seemed to find themselves in a land of so many lovely scenes that they were kept busy feasting their eyes all the time.🎈「让我们看的人如入山阴道上，应接不暇」中的「山阴道上」指「江南美景」，全句可译为 So visitors seemed to find themselves in a land of so many lovely scenes that they were kept busy feasting their eyes all the time, 其中 feasting their eyes 作「尽情欣赏」解。每一家都是这样，在屋子里的时候，自己的花是让别人看的。走在街上的时候，自己又看别人的花。As was the case with every family in the country, Germans, while at home, were happy to find their flowers pleasing the public eyes, but when they were out in the street, they enjoyed the sight of other people’s flowers. 🎈As was the case with every family in the country：（张满胜）as is the case句型的基本含义是「这是常见的情形」或「情况往往如此」等，as is the case还经常与often、always等词搭配使用。人人为我，我为人人。我觉得这一种境界是颇耐人寻味的。All for one and one for all. Their noble qualities, I think, provide much food for thought.🎈「我觉得这一种境界是颇耐人寻味的」译为Their noble qualities, I think, provide much food for thought，其中 qualities作「气质」解，意同「境界」，noble是译文中的添加词。又，much food for thought是成语，可以offer/give/provide等搭配，表示「引人深思;发人深省」。例句Developments in your career may give you food for thought.事业上的发展可能会引发你很多的思考。今天我又到了德国，刚一下火车，迎接我们的主人问我：“你离开德国这样久，有什么变化没有?”我说：“变化是有的，但是美丽并没有改变。” Now, I am in Germany again. The German host welcoming me at the railway station asked, “It’s a long time since you were here last. Do you see any changes?” “Yes, I do,” said I. “But beauty remains unchanged.”🎈参考译文中welcoming me at the railway station作host的后置定语。此处也可写作The German host, welcoming me at the railway station, asked…，此时welcoming me at the railway station可理解为做伴随状语。🎈since you were here last中last是副词，表示「上次、最近一次」。例句When were you there last?你上次去是什么时候？我说“美丽”指的东西很多，其中也包含着美丽的花。I explained that beauty, as I had mentioned, referred to many things, including beautiful flowers.🎈as I had mentioned是插入语。我走在街上，抬头一看，又是家家户户的窗口上都堵满了鲜花。Out on the street, I would look up and see the windows of all homes blocked up with flowers.🎈Out on the street同（Being）Out on the street。系动词be的现在分词作状语时，通常省略being。多么奇丽的景色!多么奇特的民族!What a scene of enchanting beauty! What an unusual nation!🎈what引导的感叹句。我仿佛又回到了四五十年前去，我做了一个花的梦，做了一个思乡的梦。I seemed to have returned to the days of more than 40 years before. I had dreamed a dream of flowers, a nostalgic dream!🎈more than 40 years beforebefore的用法从现在说到若干时间以前，不可用 before，该用 ago，下面两句里的 ago 都不可改作 before：I saw him only a few minutes ago.He visited us five months ago.从过去或未来的某时说到若干时间以前，该用 before。例如：I called at his office yesterday afternoon, but was told that he had gone home half an hour before.When you call at his house tomorrow morning, you will probably be told that he has left for the country some days before.说任何某时（不是现在、过去或将来的某时）的多少时间以前，也该用 before。He often tries to use a word or phrase that he has learnt only an hour or two before.不过从现在说到以前，假使只说“以前”，并不说若干时间以前，便可以用 before。We (have) met them many times before.We (have) never met them before.🎈注意这两句里的动词属于完成时态或属于过去时态都可以。做梦dream a dream…死亡die…death 自然死亡die a/his/… natural death🔥必背词汇abound v.大量存在，盛产，充足英义If things abound, or if a place abounds with things, there are very large numbers of them. 例句Stories abound about when he was in charge.关于他在任时的传闻多不胜数。prominent adj.重要的，杰出的，著名的英义Someone who is prominent is important.例句a prominent member of the Law Society法律协会的重要成员front v.面对，朝向英义A building or an area of land that fronts a particular place or fronts onto it is next to it and faces it.例句There are some delightful Victorian houses fronting onto the pavement.面对人行道有一些漂亮的维多利亚时代的房子。🔥重点表达连接在一起 join together one after another人人为我，我为人人 All for one and one for all. 耐人寻味，令人深思 provide much food for thought灯火通明的ablaze with light五彩缤纷的ablaze with color点燃某物，放火烧某物set sth. ablaze花团锦簇，姹紫嫣红ablaze with flowers🔥复盘测试连接在一起人人为我，我为人人耐人寻味，令人深思灯火通明的五彩缤纷的点燃某物，放火烧某物花团锦簇，姹紫嫣红🔥表达对比「家家户户」有几种表达？（家家户户）都在养花。All German families raised flowers. 那音浪在胡同里（家家）庭院的上空久久荡漾。It seems to keep echoing over the courtyard of each and every household in the neighborhood.在北平可和蟋蟀耗子一样，简直像是家家户户都养在家里的家虫。Because of their ubiquitous shrill noise, these insects in Peiping seem to be living off every household like crickets or mice. 你们想象看：（家家户户），面临着水街小巷，一开起门来，就看见荡漾的海水和飞翔的海鸥。Imagine how every building stands directly facing a waterway instead of a street or lane, and the residents, as soon as they open the door, come face to face with nothing but undulating sea waves and seagulls circling in the air.
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