Summer in Western Europe ——Yu Guangzhong🔥背景知识：《西欧的夏天》的作者是台湾著名诗人、散文家、学者余光中(1928- )。他祖籍闽南，生于江苏南京。1947年入金陵大学外语系（后转入厦门大学）。1949年随父母迁香港，次年赴台。1952年毕业于台湾大学外语系。1959年获美国爱荷华大学艺术硕士学位。曾先后任教于台湾若干大学。旅客似乎是十分轻松的人，实际上却相当辛苦，Light-hearted as he seems, a traveler is in fact under great stress.🎈「旅客似乎是十分轻松的人，实际上却相当辛苦」译为Light-hearted as he seems, a traveler is in fact under great stress，其中「轻松」也可译为gay and free、joyous、joyful、cheerful 等，但light-hearted 有carefree（无忧无虑）的含义，结合内容，应为首选。「辛苦」应指「处于紧张状态」，故译为under great stress，未按字面译为 worn out、exhausted、tired等。又，as引导让步状语从句，句子必须倒装。旅客不用上班，却必须受时间的约束；Though on vacation, he is nevertheless subject to the restraint of time.🎈「旅客不用上班」意即「旅客在度假」，可译为Though（he is）on vacation或Though（he is）vacationing, 比直译Though he doesn’t go to work确切。爱做什么就做什么，却必须受钱包的限制；He can do whatever he likes on the trip, but he has to keep the expenditure within the limits of his pocket.🎈「爱做什么就做什么，却必须受钱包的限制」译为He can do whatever he likes on the trip, but he has to keep the expenditure within the limits of his pocket，其中within the limits of his pocket等于within his means。此句也可译为He can do whatever he likes on the trip, but it mustn’t go beyond his purse（或his means）。爱去哪里就去哪里，却必须把几件行李蜗牛壳一般带在身上。Wherever he goes, he has to take with him his cumbersome hand luggage.🎈「蜗牛売一般」不宜直译，现按「拖累的」「笨重的」之意译为cumbersome。🎈把某物带在身上take sth with sb/take with sb sth旅客最可怕的噩梦，是钱和证件一起遗失，沦为来历不明的乞丐。He faces the most horrible possibility of losing his money and credentials, which will reduce himself to a pauper of unknown background.🎈「沦为来历不明的乞丐」译为which will reduce himself to a pauper of unknown background,其中「乞丐」可译为 pauper 或 beggar, tramp （流浪者） 等。「来历不明的」可译为… of unknown background 或 unidentifiable。旅客最难把握的东西，便是气候。And, besides, he can never be sure of the weather.🎈besides是增译成分，原文虽无其词却有其意，补充出来使文章逻辑更鲜明、衔接更自然。我现在就是这样的旅客。That’s what I’m like now.🎈like表示「是…样的人或事物」例句Joe still has no concept of what it’s like to be the sole parent.乔对当单亲家长是什么滋味还没有任何概念。What did she look like?她长什么样子？从西班牙南端一直旅行到英国的北端, 我经历了各样的气候，已经到了寒暑不侵的境界。I’ve traveled all the way from the southern tip of Spain to the northern tip of England, experiencing a variety of climates until I’ve become apathetic to the elements.🎈一路上all the way例句She didn’t speak a word to me all the way back home.回家的一路上，她没对我说过一句话。🎈 experiencing a variety of climates…作伴随状语。🎈「已经到了寒暑不侵的境界」可按「对任何天气都不在乎了」译为I’ve become apathetic to the elements或I’ve become indifferent to the change of weather。此刻我正坐在中世纪古堡改装的旅馆里，为读者写稿，I’m now sitting in a medieval castle turned hotel, writing an article for my readers.🎈「中世纪古堡改装的旅馆」译为a medieval castle turned hotel，其中 turned是不及物动词turn的过去分词，用作形容词，作「变成」解。刚刚黎明，湿灰灰的云下是苏格兰中部荒莽的林木，林外是隐隐的青山。The day is just dawning. In Central Scotland, there lies under the grey wet clouds a wild wooded region, beyond which a green mountain stands faintly visible.🎈 there lies under the grey wet clouds a wild wooded region: 表示地点的here和there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。还原回去为a wild wooded region lies there under the grey wet clouds。例句柔石《为奴隶的母亲》一个长长的瘦瘦的而面孔圆细的男子就从房里走出来。There came out from the house a tall and thin elderly man with a round, smooth face.晓寒袭人，我坐在厚达尺许的石墙里，穿了一件毛衣，In the chilly air of the early morning, I have to be dressed in a woolen sweater while sitting on a stone wall one foot in thickness.🎈「晓寒」即清早的寒冷、冷空气，现译作the chilly air of the early morning。🎈 I have to be dressed in a woolen sweater中have to理解为「由于天气寒冷，我不得不套件毛衣来御寒」🎈「坐在厚达尺许的石墙里」中「里」并未译作in，而是译作on。一个人坐在墙里，想想都诡异，记得还原真实场景。🎈sitting on a stone wall one foot in thickness：one foot in thickness作wall的后置定语，表示「墙的厚度」如果要走下回旋长梯像走下古堡之肠，去坡下的野径漫步寻幽，还得披上一件够厚的外套。But I need, in addition, an outer garment to keep me warm in case I come down the spiral staircase — the intestines of the castle — to take a stroll along an unfrequented path down the mountain slope in search of secluded places of quiet beauty.🎈以防、以防万一(just)in case(…)例句You’d better take the keys in case I’m out.你最好带上钥匙以防我不在家。🎈「野径」可按「人迹稀少的小路」「冷落的小道」译为an unfrequented path。🎈「寻幽」可按「寻找宁静的美景」译为in search of secluded places of quiet beauty或in search of tranquil scenes。从台湾的定义讲来，西欧几乎没有夏天。By Taiwan standards, Western Europe has practically no summer at all.🎈按…的标准看by… standards 例句By British standards, the school achieves excellent results.按英国的标准，学校取得了显著的成果。🎈practically是副词，表示「简直、几乎」昼蝉夜蛙，汗流浃背，是台湾的夏天。在西欧的大城，例如巴黎和伦敦，7月中旬走在阳光下，只觉得温暖舒适，并不出汗。Summer in Taiwan is characterized by man’s copious perspiration as well as daytime chirping of cicadas and nightly croaking of frogs while in big European cities, like Paris and London, the mid-July temperature is so moderate and comfortable that none sweat even in the sun.🎈A的特征是B A is characterized by B 🎈汗流浃背copious perspiration🎈昼蝉夜蛙daytime chirping of cicadas and nightly croaking of frogs🎈原文中，本句描述对象有两个：一个是台湾的夏天，一个是西欧大城的夏天，有将二者进行对比之意，故选用while一词对句子进行衔接。🎈 is so moderate and comfortable that none sweat even in the sun包含so…that…结构，其中，none是代词，表示「没人」，其后谓语动词可用单数也可用复数，如果指不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。西欧的旅馆和汽车，例皆不备冷气，因为就算天热，也是几天就过去了，值不得为避暑费事。Hotels and cars in Western Europe are usually not air-conditioned because hot days are so few that people don’t bother about having a cooler.🎈「例皆不备冷气」意即「一般都没有空调」，故译are usually not air-conditioned。🎈为…烦恼、操心等 bother about我在西班牙、法国、英国等地租车长途旅行，其车均无冷气，只能扇风。The cars I hired for long-distance driving in Spain, France and England had fans, but no air-conditioning.🎈The cars I hired for long-distance driving…是定语从句的省略，先行词在从句中作宾语时可省略。此处相当于The cars that/which I hired for long-distance driving…巴黎的所谓夏天，像是台北的深夜，The climate of Paris in summer is like that of Taipei at night.🎈climate指一个地区的typical, general weather conditions。早晚上街，凉风袭肘，一件毛衣还不足御寒。When you go out on an early morning or late evening, your woolen sweater will be hardly warm enough to keep out the nip in the air.🎈早晚on an early morning or late evening，注意表示时间时介词的使用情况。🎈御寒keep out the nip in the air。其中，the nip in the air表示空气中的寒气/寒意例句There was a real nip in the air.空中有一股刺骨的寒气。如果你走塞纳河边，风力加上水气，更需要一件风衣才行。When you walk along the Seine, where it is even chillier due to the strong wind coupled with the cold waters, you have to wear a windcheater.🎈「如果」不一定译作if，比如此处还可译作when。🎈it is even chillier due to是增译成分，原文虽无其词而有其意。指明「风力加上水气」会导致的结果，从而「更需要一件风衣才行」下午日暖，单衣便够，可是一走到楼影或树阴里，便嫌单衣太薄。Then, all you need is just an unlined garment in the afternoon when it is warm, but you’ll feel like putting on more when you are under the shade of buildings or trees.🎈单衣an unlined garment。其unlined表示（衣服等）无衬里的。🎈in the afternoon when it is warm：when引导定语从句，先行词为afternoon。地面如此，地下却又不同。That’s all for things aboveground. Now things underground.🎈此句为过渡句，起承上启下作用。巴黎的地车比纽约、伦敦、马德里的都好，却相当闷热，令人穿不住毛衣。The subway of Paris is better than that of New York, London or Madrid, but it is so hot and stuffy that you feel like taking off your woolen sweater.🎈「闷热」译作hot+stuffy，hot强调热，stuffy强调闷。（只译出stuffy也可，stuffy一词即可兼具「闷、热」之意，仅为个人观点）🎈想要某物；想做某事 feel like (doing) sth例句We all felt like celebrating.我们都想庆祝一番。所以地上地下，穿穿脱脱，也颇麻烦。Consequently you’ll be annoyed by having to don or doff your clothes now and then, depending on whether you’re aboveground or underground. 🎈「所以地上地下，穿穿脱脱，也颇麻烦」译为Consequently you’ll be annoyed by having to don or doff your clothes now and then, depending on whether you’re aboveground or underground，其中 now and then和depending on whether you’re都为充分表达原意和满足造句需要而在译文中增添的词语。7月在巴黎的街上，行人的衣装，从少女的背心短裤到老妪的厚大衣，四季都有。In July, Parisians in the open are seen dressed in the clothes of all seasons, ranging from young girls’ vests and short skirts to elderly women’s thick overcoats.🎈 in the openopen作名词，指室外、开阔地等，常用搭配为in the open。🎈学习此处「穿各个季节衣服的人都有」的描述：are seen dressed in the clothes of all seasons, ranging from…to…7月在巴黎，凡乎天天都是晴天，In July, Paris has sunny weather almost every day.🎈此句译文体现了口笔译之间的不同，口译时会直接将此句译作it’s sunny every day。（一些人认为笔译就应该有笔译的样子，另一些人则认为应使译文遵循简明英语的原则。）有时一连数日碧空无云，入夜后天也不黑下来，只变得深洞洞的暗蓝。Sometimes the sky is blue and cloudless for days on end and, when night comes, it never turns pitch dark, but remains a deep blue.Q：「碧、绿、蓝、青」等颜色词，请自行根据具体语境翻译关于中文汉字「碧」的一些搭配🎈①碧澄 blue and clear （水、天空—）碧蓝而明净，河水清湛碧澄。②碧海青天 a blue ocean under a blue sky 形容天水一色，无限辽远。③碧汉 the blue sky, the azure sky 碧天银汉的合称，即天空。如：起楼侵碧汉，初日照红妆。——江总《和衡阳殿下高楼看妓》④碧海 blue sea 碧蓝色的海。⑤碧空 the azure sky; the blue sky 蔚蓝色的天空。如：孤帆远影碧空尽。——唐·李白《黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵》诗。⑥碧落 the sky 天空。如：上穷碧落下黄泉，两处茫茫皆不见。——唐·白居易《长恨歌》⑦碧霄 the blue sky 蓝天⑧碧血 blood shed in a just cause 为正义死难而流的血，烈士的血。⑨碧玉 jasper一种不透明隐晶质石英，常见有几种颜色(如红色、褐色、绿色、黄色)。巴黎附近无山，城中少见高楼，城北的蒙马特也只是一个矮丘，There are no mountains in its vicinity and few high-rises in the city proper. Montmartre in the north of the city is a mere hillock.Q： in the city proper中的proper是什么用法？ 🎈proper 用在名词后面作「……的本身」解，如 Greece proper（希腊国的本部），the garden proper（园的本部），the Dictionary proper（本词典正文）和 literature proper（狭义的所谓文学）太阳要到九点半才落到地平线上，更显得昼长夜短，有用不完的下午。As the sun never sinks below the horizon until 9:30 pm, the days seem even longer and the nights even shorter. And the afternoons seem to last endlessly.🎈As the sun never sinks below the horizon until 9:30 pm是原因状语从句，其中包含not(否定意义)…until…结构。不过晴天也会突来霹雳：Nevertheless, sometimes a thunderbolt also comes from the clear sky. 🎈霹雳thunderbolt：云和地面之间发生的一种强烈雷电现象。响声很大，能对人畜、植物、建筑物等造成很大的危害。也叫落雷。7月14日法国国庆那天上午，密特朗总统在香热里榭大道主持阅兵盛典，就忽来一阵大雨，On the morning of July 14, French National Day, when President Mitterrand was presiding over the review of a massive military parade on Champs Elysées, it suddenly started raining in torrents.🎈「香热里榭大道」即巴黎的「香榭丽舍大街」(Champs Elysées),以美丽和讲究时髦著称。🎈法国国庆是每年的7月14日，1880年被正式确立，法国人每年都要隆重纪念这个象征自由和革命的日子。🎈主持preside over例句The mayor presided over the town meeting.市长主持镇会议。淋得总统和军乐队狼狈不堪。The President and the military band, caught in the downpour, found themselves in a very awkward situation.🎈军乐队the military band🎈caught in the downpour作伴随状语。电视的观众看得见雨气之中，乐队长的指挥杖竟失手落地，连忙俯身拾起。TV viewers even saw the bandmaster bend down quickly to pick up the baton he had dropped onto the ground in a flurry.🎈电视的观众TV viewers🎈拾起pick up法国北部及中部地势平坦，一望无际，气候却有变化。In Northern and Central France lie boundless level plains with varying climates.🎈地点状语置于句首，句子要倒装。补充（老舍《想北平》）面向着积水滩，背后是城墙，坐在石上看水中的小蝌蚪或苇叶上嫩蜻蜓I can spend a whole day enjoying myself sitting on a rock to observe tiny tadpoles in the water or tender dragonflies on reeds while facing me lies Ji Shui Tan Pond and right behind me rises the high city wall.巴黎北行一小时至卢昂，就觉得冷些，西南行二小时至罗瓦河中流，气候就暖得多，Rouen, which is a one-hour ride to the north of Paris, is cooler while the central reaches of the Loire River, which is a two-hour ride to the southwest of Paris, is much warmer. 🎈表示两地之间的距离，可用A is “XX（时长） ride/walk” to B表达。🎈reaches是复数名词，表示「河段，流域，上、中或下游」。例句This year water levels in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze are unusually high.长江今年中下游的水位都过高。下午竟颇燠热，不过入夜就凉下来，星月异常皎洁。The latter becomes very hot in the afternoon, but cooler at night with the bright moon and stars in the sky.🎈The latter指代「罗瓦河中流」再往南行入西班牙，气候就变得干暖。Down in Spain, the climate is arid and warm.🎈此处「南行」承接上文的「西南行」，用down字译出，。马德里在高台地的中央，七月的午间并不闷热，入夜甚至得穿毛衣。Madrid is located in the center of a plateau. Its noontime temperature in July is not sultry, and you have to wear a woolen sweater towards the evening.🎈到此为止，文中出现两个对「闷热」的译法：stuffy、sultry。🎈towards the evening中towards是介词，表示「将近(某一时刻)」。例句There was a forecast of cooler weather toward the end of the week.预报称这周末天气会凉下来。我在南部安达露西亚地区及阳光海岸（Costa del Sol）开车，一路又干又热，In Southern Spain, when driving in the Andalucia region and along the Costa del Sol, I found everything dry and hot.🎈when driving in the…：主从句主语一致，when后省略主语和be。枯黄的草原，干燥的石堆，大地像一块烙饼，摊在酷蓝的天穹之下，The grass was turning yellow and the rocks were dry. The earth was like a pancake roasting under the deep blue firmament.🎈「枯黄的草原」「干燥的石堆」未译为名词词组，而是灵活处理为主系表结构，译作The grass was turning yellow and the rocks were dry。🎈「（烙饼）摊在酷蓝的天穹之下」译作(a pancake) roasting under the deep blue firmament，「摊」字译作roast（烘烤），更突出饼在「烙」路旁的草丛常因干燥而起火，势颇惊人。Alarmingly, the roadside grass often started burning by itself.🎈「势颇惊人」译作副词Alarmingly，修饰整个句子。🎈「因干燥而起火」意即自燃，故译作started burning by itself。可是那是干热，并不令人出汗，和台湾的湿闷不同。Unlike Taiwan which is humid, Southern Spain is hot and dry and so people there don’t sweat at all.🎈Unlike Taiwan which is humid作状语。🎈sweat是动词，作「流汗」讲。英国则趋于另一极端，显得阴湿，气温也低。England is at the other extreme, being overcast and wet with a low temperature.🎈趋于另一极端at the other extreme🎈being overcast and wet with a low temperature作伴随状语，进一步解释说明。我在伦敦的河堤区住了三天，一直是阴天，下着间歇的毛毛雨。It was gloomy all the time and kept drizzling intermittently during the three days when I stayed in the River Embankment area of London.🎈始终、一直all the time🎈此句前半句主语是「我」，后半句的主语是「伦敦（的天气）」。译者讲前半句处理为时间状语during the three days when I …(when引导定语从句，先行词是days)，巧妙地将两句连接起来。即使破晓时露一下朝暾，餐后天色就阴沉下来了。Sometimes the morning sun made its brief appearance at daybreak, but the sky turned overcast soon after breakfast.🎈破晓时at daybreak🎈turn可表示状态的转变他的脸变得惨白。His face turned pale.此处：天色阴沉下来了。…the sky turned overcast.与我存走过滑铁卢桥，7月的河风吹来，水气阴阴，令人打一个寒噤，把毛的翻领拉起。While crossing Waterloo Bridge with Wocun against the July wind blowing from the River Thames, a nip in the air sent shivers down my spine, forcing me to turn up my fur collar.🎈走过滑铁卢桥cross Waterloo Bridge🎈我存：即范我存，是诗人余光中的妻子。年少时在乐山念书，是余光中的远方表妹（他们的母亲是堂姐妹），两人相识超过七十年。🎈仔细读译文，欣赏译文是把这几个短句融在一起的，如「7月的河风吹来」处理为了状语against the July wind blowing from the River Thames、整句采取while…的主从结构等等。我们开车北行，一路上经过塔尖如梦的牛津，城楼似幻的勒德洛（Ludlow），古桥野渡的蔡斯特（Chester），We drove up north through Oxford with its dreamy spires, Ludlow with its illusory old castles and Chester with its ancient bridge and solitary ferry crossing.🎈drove up north中up north表示「北上」。（注意积累如何描述行程: up…方向…through…）🎈「塔尖如梦的牛津，城楼似幻的勒德洛（Ludlow），古桥野渡的蔡斯特（Chester）」中的前置定语均以相同的with复合结构译出，基本与原文保持对应。又，「古桥野渡」意即古桥和荒落之处（或村野的渡口），现译作ancient bridge and solitary ferry crossing。雨云始终罩在车顶，雨点在车窗上也未干过。Rain clouds continued to hang over our car and raindrops remained intact on its windows.🎈此处「始终」指之前是，现在也是，是一种延伸的状态，现译作continued to。🎈笼罩hang over例句Dark clouds hung over the mountain.进入步布瑞亚的湖区之后，遍地江湖，满空云雨，After entering the Lake District, Cumbria, we found rivers and lakes everywhere and the sky full of rain clouds.🎈「步布瑞亚的湖区」即位于英格兰西北部的步布瑞亚(Cumbria)郡的湖区，风景优美，可译the Lake District, Cumbria、the Lakes, Cumbria、the Lakeland, Cumbria。🎈积累类似含义的表达：「遍地」「满空」分别译作everywhere和full of。偶见天边绽出一角薄蓝，立刻便有更多的灰云挟雨遮掩而来。Occasionally a speck of light blue would appear over the horizon only to be soon blotted out by dark grey rain clouds.🎈「天边绽出一角薄蓝」即天际处出现一小片/块浅蓝色，现译作a speck of light blue would appear over the horizon。🎈遮住/挡住/遮蔽blot out例句About the time the three climbers were halfway down, clouds blotted out the sun.当这3个登山者下到半山腰的时候，云层遮住了太阳。🎈only (to)往往有「出人意料」「反而」的意思，可译作「却」。例句I went to see him, only to learn that he had left the city the night before.我去看他，却听人家说他已经在前夜离开了这个城市。真要怪兹华斯的诗魂小气，不肯让我一窥他诗中的晴美湖光。I could not help complaining against Wordsworth for grudging me a sunny scene of the beautiful Lakeland as described in his poems.🎈禁不住、忍不住could not help doing sth🎈「华兹华斯」即William Wordsworth (1770-1850),为英国主要浪漫派诗人(又称湖畔派诗人)之一，居住在the Lake District。1843年被封为桂冠诗人。🎈…a sunny scene of the beautiful Lakeland as described in his poems中：as可以引导定语从句，修饰a sunny scene，有「正如、正像」的意思。例句He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. 在我一夕投宿的鹰头（Hawkshead）小店栈楼窗望出去，沿湖一带，树树含雨，山山带云，In Hawkshead, I put up for one night at a small inn. Looking out of its window, I saw all trees around the lakes wet with rain and all mountains shrouded by clouds.🎈「鹰头(Hawkshead)」是位于湖区(the Lake District)中心的一个著名村庄。🎈wet with rain是trees的后置定语；shrouded by clouds是mountains的后置定语。很想告诉格拉斯米教堂墓地里的诗翁，我国古代有一片云梦大泽，也出过一位水气逼人的诗宗。How I longed to tell the great poet lying in Grasmere Churchyard that in ancient China there was also a great poet domiciled in a region of rivers and lakes!🎈“tell the great poet lying in Grasmere Churchyard”中的poet：Referring to the English poet William Wordsworth (1770-1850) of the romantic school, who was buried in Grasmere Church after his death.🎈 “a great poet domiciled in a region of rivers and lakes”中的poet： Referring to Qu Yuan (formerly translated as Ch’u Yuan c.340-277BC), minister of the State of Chu during the Warring States period and one of China’s earliest poets. His failure to win the support of the corrupt king of Chu for his honest and progressive proposals made his life a tragic one. Seeing no future for his beloved country, he drowned himself in the Miluo River in Hunan Province.🎈「云梦大泽」按「湖泽」之意简单理解，译为a region of rivers and lakes。 🎈 How I longed to … in a region of rivers and lakes!是how引导的感叹句。how引导的感叹句类型：①How＋形容词＋主语＋谓语!②How＋副词＋主语＋谓语!③How＋主语＋动词!④How+ many/much/few/little+ 名词+主语＋谓语!🔥必背词汇cumbersome adj.大而笨重的，难以携带的英义Something that is cumbersome is large and heavy and therefore difficult to carry, wear, or handle.例句Although the machine looks cumbersome, it is actually easy to use.尽管这台机器看上去很笨重，操作起来却很容易。pauper cn.贫民，穷人英义A pauper is a very poor person.例句He did die a pauper and is buried in an unmarked grave.他死的时候一文不名，葬在一处无名墓穴中。apathetic adj.漠然的，漠不关心的，无动于衷的英义If you describe someone as apathetic, you are criticizing them because they do not seem to be interested in or enthusiastic about doing anything. 例句Others feel apathetic about the candidates in both parties.其他人对两党的候选人都不感兴趣。medieval adj.中世纪的英义Something that is medieval relates to or was made in the period of European history between the end of the Roman Empire in 476 AD and about 1500 AD. 例句a medieval castle中世纪城堡🔥重点表达受时间的约束is subject to the restraint of time受钱包的限制keep the expenditure within the limits of his pocket把某物带在身上take sth with sb/take with sb sth来历不明的乞丐a pauper of unknown background一路上all the way西班牙南端the southern tip of Spain刚刚黎明The day is just dawning穿了一件毛衣be dressed in a woolen sweater走下回旋长梯come down the spiral staircase去坡下的野径漫步寻幽to take a stroll along an unfrequented path down the mountain slope in search of secluded places of quiet beauty以防、以防万一(just)in case(…)A的特征是B A is characterized by B汗流浃背copious perspiration昼蝉夜蛙daytime chirping of cicadas and nightly croaking of frogs为…烦恼、操心等 bother about单衣an unlined garment御寒keep out the nip in the air想要某物；想做某事 feel like (doing) sth穿穿脱脱to don or doff your clothes主持preside over军乐队the military band狼狈不堪in a very awkward situation电视的观众TV viewers拾起pick up罗瓦河中流the central reaches of the Loire River趋于另一极端at the other extreme始终、一直all the time禁不住、忍不住could not help doing sth🔥复盘测试受时间的约束受钱包的限制把某物带在身上来历不明的乞丐一路上西班牙南端刚刚黎明穿了一件毛衣走下回旋长梯去坡下的野径漫步寻幽以防、以防万一A的特征是B 汗流浃背昼蝉夜蛙为…烦恼、操心等 单衣御寒想要某物；想做某事穿穿脱脱主持军乐队狼狈不堪电视的观众拾起罗瓦河中流趋于另一极端始终、一直禁不住、忍不住🔥表达对比「如果」有几种表达？（如果）你走塞纳河边，风力加上水气，更需要一件风衣才行。When you walk along the Seine, where it is even chillier due to the strong wind coupled with the cold waters, you have to wear a windcheater.（如果）办公室看起来是在走向衰败而且需要来一次升级，这就表明贵公司已经开始在勒紧裤腰带过日子了。If the office itself is starting to look run down and like its in need of an upgrade, it’s indicative of excessive belt-tightening measures.（如果）电池内的液体溅到你的眼睛，请马上用水清洗，并上医院就医。In the event of getting battery liquid in the eyes , wash them out with clean water and see a doctor immediately .(如果)我向别人借那不足之数，债主也许会突然来要债，(万一)我死了，我的家族也许会受连累。Were I to borrow the balance, the creditor might call it up suddenly, or( in case of )my death my family might be distressed.
帕布莉卡