🔥背景知识：《书房》是散文家何为写于1999年6月21日的一篇佳作，选自他于2003年出版的散文集《近景与远景》。文章语言锤炼，简洁明了，内容真切感人，自然流露，从读书人爱书（在颠沛流离的生活中，「书最累人，也最难舍弃」）谈到自己一辈子没有一个真正的书房，曾多年躲在一间局促不堪的储藏室里伏案笔耕，佳作累累，不禁使人想起旧时上海「亭子间作家」的潦倒情景和中国文人的坎坷遭遇。书房，是读书人心目中的一个私人领地，一个精神家园，一个智慧的世界。The study is to a scholar his private domain, his spiritual home and his intellectual world.🎈study作名词当「书房」讲是很常见的用法。🎈to a scholar位置灵活，也可放置句首，写成To a scholar, the study is his…到过几位朋友家的书房，尽管大小各不相同，陈设各异，但四壁书橱架上，层层叠叠的书籍，或排成整齐的行列，或纵横交错如阡陌丛林，满屋子到处是书，则大体相同。I’ve been to the studies of several friends. Though of different sizes and with different furnishings, they are nevertheless about the same in boasting a roomful of books. Books shelved in bookcases lining the four walls. Books either piled up one upon another, or displayed in neat rows, or laid out in disorder like fields with crisscross footpaths or a jungle.🎈Though of different sizes：though引导让步状语从句，因为主从句主语一致，且从句谓语中有be动词，故从句省略主语和be动词。其中，of+抽象名词=形容词。🎈though为连词，表示转折关系，译为「但是」。nevertheless则是副词，意为「尽管如此」。but和though不能连用的情况下，二者均为连词，不符合语法。🎈「满屋子到处是书，则大体相同」译为about the same in boasting a roomful of books，其中boasting虽与having同义，但却具有「自豪」的内涵。又，a roomful of books意即a room full of books，所以上述句子也可译为about the same in being filled with books，但不如上译利落，且缺内涵。新时期以来，各种多卷本全套硬面精装的文集，形形色色的选集，足以令书房生辉。In recent years, the appearance of various multivolume collected works in deluxe editions as well as selected works of every description has added to the splendour of a study.🎈形形色色的选集selected works of every description，其中of every description表示「各种各样/形形色色」。又，此句的「各种」用various表示。🎈使…增加 add to sth例句The bad weather only added to our difficulties.恶劣的天气只是再增加了我们的困难。其间不乏名著佳作，可作为文化积累，但也难免混杂一些文化垃圾。Among them there is no lack of great classics and master writings. On the other hand, some trash is inevitably mixed with them too.🎈此句的「但」（转折）之意用on the other hand译出，说明两面性。当然，这些都无碍于书房主人坐拥书城之乐。But that doesn’t hinder the owner of the study from enjoying the company of his library.🎈阻碍某人… hinder … from(doing) sth例句An injury was hindering him from playing his best.受伤后他无法发挥出最高水平。🎈「坐拥书城之乐」未按字面直译，现按「享受以私人藏书为伴的乐趣」译为enjoying the company of his library。书房永远是令人向往的去处。A study is always a place of enormous appeal to us.🎈always常用来表示「永远」之意。🎈of enormous appeal to us是place的后置定语。其中，appeal为不可数名词，表示「吸引力、感染力」。例句Johnson’s appeal is to people in all walks of life.约翰逊广受各界人士欢迎。我从事笔耕数十年，从来没有一间自己的书房，一间独立的、完整的、名副其实的书房。I’ve been engaged in writing for several decades, but I’ve never had a study of my own — a study that is independent, intact and true to its name, that is.🎈engage in或be engaged in均表示「从事…」🎈「一间独立的、完整的、名副其实的书房」译为a study that is independent, intact and true to its name, that is，其中that is是成语，和that is to say同义，作「换言之」「亦即」等解。我多次迁居，从大城市直至外省人烟稀少的小山村。I’ve moved many times, once even away from a big city to a remote small mountain village in another province.🎈once even表示「曾经」例句Have you even once asked if I was dating someone?你有问过我是不是约会吗？They’d once even ridden on an elephant together on a trip to India.他们曾经一起去印度旅行一起骑大象。每次搬家时，惟有书籍最累人，也最难舍弃。Whenever I moved, my books, cumbersome as they were, turned out to be the last thing for me to part with.🎈cumbersome as they were:as引导让步状语从句，句子倒装。🎈（事实证明）是turn out to be例句（冰心《祖父和灯火管制》）到了福州，在大家庭里住了下来，我觉得我在归途中的担心是多余的。After settling down in the big family in Fuzhou, however, I found that my previous worries on the way turned out to be unfounded.🎈「最难舍弃」按「是我最后才会舍弃的物件」之意译作了be the last thing for me to part with。🎈last既可以有「最后」的意义，也可以有否定的「最不」的意义（正面来说，是最末一个；反面来说，就是倒数的第一个，也就是「最不」了）。如何辨别呢？如果涉及的事物是客观已经存在的或已经发生的，就是「最后」；而如果涉及的事物是尚未存在或尚未发生的，只是存在于人的主观愿望好恶或者主观估量之中的，就是「最不」（中文否定词在这里用「不」，不用「没有」）。例句The last, it must be said, was a reasonable point. 最末一点应该说是有点道理。The last on the list was Potter. 名单上最末一个是波特。The last thing he wants is a public scandal.他最不想发生的，就是一场公众丑闻。You are the last person I’d want to talk to about this. 你是我最不愿意谈这件事的人。我爱书，说不上藏书丰富，日积月累倒也可观，I’m a bibliophile. My collection of books is far from being a big private library, but it keeps growing from day to day.🎈夏丏尊的《我之于书》提到过bibliomania一词（专指藏书癖，其形容词为bibliomaniacal。补充一个小小的点，biblio-通常和书籍有关，德语、法语里的「图书馆」分别是Bibliothek，bibliothèque。）此句的bibliophile与之类似，后缀-phile用于构成名词和形容词表示「有…癖好者」，「亲…的」，比如Yankophile亲美派。🎈说不上、远非far from…例句It is far from clear (= it is not clear) what he intends to do.他打算怎样做一点都不清楚。几经迁移，不但没有损失，反而日益增多，因为居处的局限，每每有书满为患之感。Several times of house moving did not disperse my collection. On the contrary, it has become larger with each passing day until my small dwelling is overcrowded with them.🎈搬家house moving🎈反而、相反On the contrary🎈「因为居处的局限，每每有书满为患之感」译作（until） my small dwelling is overcrowded with them，其中，「居处的局限」和「（书满）为患」之感用small dwelling（住所之小）和is overcrowded with them（挤满了书）的反差译出。现在我的卧室就是书房，群书延伸到小卫生间的大书架上，无法腾出一室作书房。Now the shelves of books in my study-cum-bedroom extend as far as the tiny toilet. No room is available to serve specifically as a study.🎈「我的卧室就是书房」可按「我的卧室兼书房」译为my study-cum-bedroom或my bedroom-cum-study，其中cum 是介词，作「兼作」解，如：a kitchen-cum-dining room （就餐做饭两用室，餐室兼厨房）然而，在我的文学生涯中，一度也有一间自己的书房。所谓书房，其实是一间贮藏室。However, in the course of my career as a writer, I did once own a study, or, to be exact, a storeroom turned study.🎈在……进程/进展中 in the course/development/progress of例句（李大钊《艰难的国运与雄健的国民》）民族生命的进展，其经历亦复如是。A nation, in the course of its development, fares likewise.🎈「所谓书房，其实是一间贮藏室」译为to be exact, a storeroom turned study，其中turned作「变成」解，是不及物动词的过去分词，用作形容词。例句He is a soldier turned musician 他是军人出身的音乐家。那幢在本世纪初期落成的陈旧宅第，开间很大，楼下一间屋子就可作为街道办的托儿所。I was then living in an old house built at the turn of the century. It was quite roomy, so much so that the ground floor served even as a neighbourhood nursery.🎈built at the turn of the century是house的后置定语。🎈roomy一词可表示（空间）敞亮宽敞，也可指（衣服）宽松。🎈so much…that和so much so that比so…that和so that在语气上更强。例句I was so much tired that I couldn’t walk on.我极度疲倦，走不动了。She is hungry, so much so that she had to go begging.她很饿，饿到不得不去乞讨。我的一家住在三楼一大间，按今日标准，至少可分成三间，真是大而无当。I and family lived in a room on the third floor, which was really big but impractical because, according to today’s standard, it could have been divided into at least three rooms.🎈「按今日标准」译作according to today’s standard，亦可用by today’s standard。🎈「大而无当」的意思是虽然大，却无底。原指大得无边际。后多用作表示大得不切合实际、不合用。出自《庄子·逍遥游》。现译作was really big but impractical。不过房门外，紧靠楼梯，有一间贮藏室，倒是极为难得的。门一关，可与全家的生活区完全隔绝，避免尚在幼年的孩子们往来干扰。Fortunately, close to the staircase just outside my room, there was a storeroom, which I regarded as something of great rarity to me because sitting inside it behind the closed door I could cut myself off from my family and work without any disturbance from my small kids.🎈「不过」未想当然地译作however，而是译作Fortunately，在表意上与「极为难得」更相呼应，使行文更生动、准确。🎈 something of great rarity：of great rarity意同very rare。🎈（我）与…（完全）隔绝cut myself off from…这贮藏室于是成了我一生中惟一的书房，也许称之为小作坊更为贴切。The storeroom was the only study I’ve ever had in my life. Perhaps it could be aptly called a workshop.🎈the only study I’ve ever had in my life相当于the only study that I’ve ever had in my life，是定语从句的省略。🎈aptly表示「恰当地、适宜地」例句the aptly named Grand Hotel名副其实的大饭店狭长逼仄的一小间，北窗下靠墙置一旧书桌，进门处兀立两只叠起来的玻璃书柜，都是原先住户废弃的家具。It was long, narrow and small. An old desk stood against a wall under the northern window. Two piled-up glass bookcases rose erect near the entrance. They were the furniture abandoned by a former resident.🎈这一小段翻译基本和原文相对应，主要介绍两部分：书房的特点+家具。需要注意的一点是：「狭长逼仄的一小间」省译了「一间」，将「小」字一并融入「狭长逼仄」，直接译成了It was long, narrow and small来表明房间特点。除了窗下书桌前可容纳我的一把旧藤椅，就没有多余的空间了。There was no room for anything else besides my old cane chair placed before the desk under the window.🎈这句话的意思即「空间除了能放下我的一把旧藤椅，再也放不下其他了」，现译为There was no room for anything else besides my old cane chair…不过，这样的一间书房，一个人躲在里面写作，思想很集中。However, enjoying the privacy of a so-called study like this, I could do writing with high concentration.🎈「这样的间书房，一个人躲在里面写作，思想很集中」的译文为…enjoying the privacy of a so-called study like this, I could do writing with high concentration。为了避免死抠原文字面，把「一个人躲在里面」译为…enjoying the privacy of…，并把「这样一间书房」译为a so-called study like this。我利用一切节假日、下班后的全部业余时间，独处斗室，创作的思维和想象空间都很广阔。All festivals and holidays as well as all after-hours sparetime would find me confined in solitude to the tiny room to experience the delight of giving free rein to my literary thought and imagination.🎈中文中主语多为人，即「有灵主语」，而英文多「无灵主语」。欣赏译文All festivals and holidays as well as all after-hours sparetime would find me…的处理方式。与之类似的还有：1949 saw the founding of the People’s Republic of China.中华人民共和国成立于1949年。🎈「创作的思维和想象空间都很广阔」不宜按字面直译，现按「任凭自己的创作思维和想象力自由驰骋」加以意译：giving free rein to my literary thought and imagination。五十年代的上海寒冬腊月，气候比现在冷得多。In the fifties, Shanghai was much colder in winter than now. 🎈五十年代 In the fifties20世纪50年代 In the nineteen fifties寒夜，窗上玻璃结满冰凌，呵气如雾。The window panes would ice up and one’s breath would freeze in the cold air.🎈结上一层冰，覆盖着冰ice up/over🎈window panes指窗玻璃。英义：pieces of glass in the window of a building🎈「呵气如雾」中的「雾」不是真的雾，此处说的是一种物理现象，初中物理老师都讲过，不过多解释了。现译作one’s breath would freeze in the cold air。我拉上窗帘，以炭盆烤火取暖，让身边的小水壶在炭火上嘶嘶作响，伴随我逐渐投入创作境界。I would, with the window curtains drawn together, warm myself by a charcoal brazier over which a small kettle was sizzling away, and gradually move into the best state of readiness for creative writing.🎈以炭盆烤火取暖 warm myself by a charcoal brazier🎈「让身边的小水壶在炭火上嘶嘶作响」处理为了定语从句。（摘自华研专四语法：先行词是时间、地点、原因，且在从句中作状语时，分别用关系词when、where、why引导。when和where可以用「介词+which」替换。例句She remembered the day when(或on which) Paul had first walked into her office.🎈「逐渐投入创作境界」可按「逐渐进入创作的最佳状态」译为gradually move into the best state of readiness for creative writing，其中the best state of readiness的意思是「最佳的准备就绪状态」室内四壁都伸手可及，我在墙钉上挂着几条绳索，以便挂上大小纸片。On the four walls, which I could easily reach by holding out my hand, I had several strings with scraps of paper hung on them stretched between nails.🎈 On the four walls, which I could easily reach by holding out my hand：which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是walls。🎈划分结构：I had several strings (with scraps of paper hung on them) stretched between nails。其中had several strings stretched between nails是have…done结构；with scraps of paper hung on them复合结构表伴随。纸片上有创作素材的零星记录，有词海语林偶得的一鳞半爪，也有已成篇尚待修改的原稿。On these scraps of paper, I kept jottings of fragmentary materials for creative work, some linguistic gems and my original manuscripts awaiting revision.🎈jottings指「便条、简短的笔记」。其对应的动词为jot，常与down搭配，表示「（匆匆）写下、（草草）记下…」🎈「词海语林偶得的一鳞半爪」意即「可供学习参考的只言片语」，可译为 some useful words and expressions，现意译为some linguistic gems。(3)some linguistic gems and my original manuscripts awaiting revision是jottings的同位语成分，其中awaiting revision是manuscripts的后置定语。短短几年，我在这作坊里，写了不少长短文章，其中有些小文，至今还受到读者的青睐，这是我想不到的。In this workshop, I turned out in a few years a large number of articles, both long and short, and, to my great surprise, some of the short essays I then wrote are today still to the liking of the reading public.🎈生产、制造 turn out例句The factory turns out 900 cars a week.这家工厂每周生产 900 辆汽车。🎈合某人的意、对某人的胃口 to the liking of sb/to sb’s liking。例句London was more to his liking than Rome.伦敦比罗马更称他的心。🎈广大读者 the reading public。例句I suspect that most of them ascribe these books’ unexpected success to unpredictable and deplorable lapses into good taste on the part of the reading public.我猜这些家伙大都将这几本书的意外成功归功于广大读者出人意料又令人叹惋的品位骤升。我很想念那间小书房。How I cherish the memory of the small study!🎈此句以how引导的感叹句译出，更凸显「我」对小书房的想念。🎈cherish the memory例句He cherished the memory of his youth.他缅怀他的青春年华。有几次偕孩子们路过其地，孩子们如今都到了中年，每次我总要指点方位，告诉他们，那儿乎不复可辨的三层楼上，过去是我们一家住过的地方。Whenever I passed by the former residence with my children, who have now reached middle age, I never failed to show them the location of our old home and tell them that the third floor of the building which had changed beyond recognition had once been our home.🎈「偕孩子们」即「和孩子们」🎈「每次我总要」译作I never failed to，属正话反说，增强文章战斗力。（补充：从未have neglected/failed to do…）🎈这个句子略长，但译文用一个时间状语从句Whenever I passed by和两个定语从句who have now…+which had changed将句子衔接在了一起。英文句子是树形结构：一是句子有一个基本的主干;二是所有的枝丫都是从主干分出去的;三是句子的复杂化不影响主干。昨日偶经该处，发现旧屋原址上屹立着耸天高楼，旧居了无痕迹。Yesterday, when passing by the same place, I found that the old building was nowhere to be found and that a high-rise had been erected on its site.🎈the old building was nowhere to be found复习（郭沫若《墓》）但我已经走遍了这莽莽的松原，（也没寻到坟墓）我的坟墓究竟往哪儿去了呢？But the grave was nowhere to be found though I searched every nook and corner of the dense forest. Where was it gone to?我在夜色中频频回首仰望，怅然重温我的那个书房旧梦。In the deepening dusk, I repeatedly turned round to look up at the towering structure and wistfully relived the old days I had spent in the small study.🎈夜色/暮色苍茫In the deepening dusk🎈at the towering structure是增益成分，指明「（仰）望」的对象，使后文的「怅然重温」衔接自然，有理可依。🔥必背词汇study cn.书房英义A study is a room in a house which is used for reading, writing, and studying.例句a study-cum-bedroom一间兼作卧室的书房furnishings n.家具陈设，室内陈设英义The furnishings of a room or house are the furniture, curtains, carpets, and decorations such as pictures.例句The wallpaper should match the furnishings.墙纸应和家具陈设谐调。crisscross adj.纵横交错的，十字交叉的英义A criss-cross pattern or design consists of lines crossing each other.例句Slash the tops of the loaves with a sharp serrated knife in a criss-cross pattern.把烤面包顶部用锋利的锯齿刀交错切开。jungle n.热带丛林，密林英义A jungle is a forest in a tropical country where large numbers of tall trees and plants grow very close together.例句The mountain area is covered entirely in dense jungle.山区完全掩映在茂密的丛林中。description cn.类型英义of some, all, every, etc. ~ of some, etc. type例句boats of every description / all descriptions各种类型的船cumbersome adj.大而笨重的，难以携带的英义Something that is cumbersome is large and heavy and therefore difficult to carry, wear, or handle.例句Although the machine looks cumbersome, it is actually easy to use.尽管这台机器看上去很笨重，操作起来却很容易。🔥重点表达私人领地private domain形形色色的选集selected works of every description其间不乏Among them there is no lack of名著佳作great classics and master writings阻碍某人… hinder … from(doing) sth从事笔耕数十年have been engaged in writing for several decades（事实证明）是turn out to be说不上、远非far from…除了可容纳…，就没有多余的空间了There was no room for anything else besides…思想很集中with high concentration五十年代 In the fifties以炭盆烤火取暖 warm myself by a charcoal brazier最佳的准备就绪状态the best state of readiness伸手可及I could easily reach… by holding out my hand词海语林偶得的一鳞半爪some linguistic gems生产、制造 turn out到了中年have reached middle age合某人的意、对某人的胃口to the liking of sb/to sb’s liking广大读者 the reading public夜色/暮色苍茫In the deepening dusk频频回首仰望repeatedly turned round to look up🔥复盘测试私人领地形形色色的选集其间不乏名著佳作阻碍某人… 从事笔耕数十年（事实证明）是说不上、远非除了可容纳…，就没有多余的空间了思想很集中五十年代以炭盆烤火取暖最佳的准备就绪状态伸手可及词海语林偶得的一鳞半爪生产、制造到了中年合某人的意、对某人的胃口广大读者夜色/暮色苍茫频频回首仰望🔥表达对比「永远」有几种表达？书房（永远）是令人向往的去处。A study is always a place of enormous appeal to us.他含着泪说他爱她，想（永远）和她生活在一起。He said with tears in his eyes that he loved her and wanted to live forever with her.后来，又有人同样言之凿凿地预言，美国注定（永远）是世界超级强国。More recently , there were equally certain forecasts that the US was destined in perpetuity to be the world’s hyper- puissance .另一方面，多丽与宏远再发生激烈争吵，决定（永远）不再跟他复合。Meanwhile, Duoli has a bitter quarrel with Hongyuan and decides to break up with him for good.
帕布莉卡