Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future. 技术的发展趋势有可能把硅谷重新推向未来。🎈硅谷 Silicon Valley：a region of western California, south of San Francisco. It is a center of the computer industry. Many important inventions were made in this area, and many companies producing computer software and hardware are based there. It is called Silicon Valley because the computer industry is based on the silicon chip.🎈trend n. 趋势，潮流a general tendency in the way a situation is changing or developing🎈push Silicon Valley back to the future中的back表示：前进过程是曲折的，即使一时停滞或倒退，最终也仍会步入正轨。Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now workstations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh.卡弗•米德——集成电路的一位先驱，加州理工学院的计算机教授——说道，现在有些计算机工作站使工程技术人员可以在他们的办公桌上设计、试验和生产芯片，就像一位编辑在苹果机上编出一份时事通讯一样。🎈a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology是Carver Mead的同位语 （英文中常在名词后，以同位语对其进行解释说明）。that enable engineers to design… a newsletter on a Macintosh整个是定语从句，其中much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh是方式状语。🎈California n. 加州a state in the western United states, bordering the Pacific Ocean, the third largest state in the country🎈美国五大牛校：Harvard University哈佛大学Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)麻省理工学院Stanford University斯坦福大学California Institute of Technology (CIT) 加州理工学院University of California at Berkeley(UC Berkeley)加州大学（伯克利分校）🎈note v. 1.注意到 notice or pay attention to sth.2. 提及mention sth. because it is important or interesting类似的词还有observe，兼有“观察”和“说”之意。具体含义要根据不同的语境判断。🎈workstation n.工作站 a desk for one person to work at, usually with a computer or computer terminal（工作站基本由一张办公桌和一台电脑或电脑终端构成）🎈使某人能…enable sb. to doallow / permit sb. to domake it possible for sb. to do🎈newsletter n.时事通讯，时事简讯，业务简讯 a printed report sent regularly to a particular group of people🎈Macintosh n. (Mac) personal computer, developed by Apple Computer Corporation in 1984.（ It pioneered the use of a graphical interface.在图形界面领域开辟了先河）🎈与…差不多much the way+定从例句Internet technology enables you to make purchases at home, much the way you do in regular shops. 因特网技术可以使你能够在家中购物，这与你在普通商店买东西差不多。As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures.由于制造一块芯片的时间已缩短至几天，费用也只有几百美元，工程技术人员可能很快就可充分发挥他们的想象力，而不会因失败而造成经济上的损失。🎈下降到drop / fall / decrease (to …)骤降，暴跌plummet / plunge / nosedive / take a nosedive (to …)上升到rise / go up / increase / climb / escalate (to …)暴涨soar / rocket (to …)🎈上篇文章解析中已经提到过这个句子，to let their imaginations soar运用了暗喻（metaphor）的修辞手法，属于“喻体全隐式”。Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office—spawning a new generation of garage start-ups and giving the U. S. a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast.米德预言发明者可以在办公室用一个周末的时间生产出完美的、功能很强的、按客户需求设计的芯片——造就新一代从汽车间起家的小型公司，在把产品推向市场方面使美国把它的外国对手们打个措手不及。🎈预言说predict/ foretellpredict主语常为sb；foretell主语可为sb或sth，主语是物时指“预兆着…”例句瑞雪兆丰年。Timely snow foretells a bumper harvest.🎈使…完善perfect… / bring … to perfection例句The violinist spent years perfecting his technique. =The violinist spent years bringing his technique to perfection.这位小提琴家花费数年让自己的技术炉火纯青。🎈start-up n. 新兴公司a new small company, esp. one whose work involves computers or the Internet一家互联网公司an Internet start-up🎈得到了超越某人的…优势get a jump on sb.gain an advantage over sb.give sb. a jump on sb.‘We’ve got more garages with smart people,’ Mead observes. ‘We really thrive on anarchy.’ And on Asians.“我们有更多的汽车间，那里有许多聪明人，”米德说。“我们确实是靠这种混乱状态发展起来的。” 靠的是亚洲人。🎈on Asians顺承语境，即指we really thrive on Asians🎈靠…发达起来thrive on sth.例句He thrives on criticism. 他在批判声中成长。Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms.硅谷许多公司中工程技术人员的大多数是东方人和亚裔美国人。🎈组成，形成，构成constitute / make up / compose / comprise由…组成/构成comprise / be made up of / be composed of / consist of🎈comprise这个词即可指“构成…”，也可指“由…构成”🎈大多数majority少数minority大多数，大部分a high / large proportion / percentage of🎈生物工程biological engineering软件工程software engineeringAnd Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California’s colleges.中国、韩国、菲律宾和印度的工程师一批批地从加州的大学毕业。🎈朝鲜the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK)菲律宾the PhilippinesAs the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge tighter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets.作为新崛起一代的带头人，亚裔发明家可以凭借他们在习惯和语言上的优势，与关键的太平洋沿岸市场建立起更加牢固的联系。🎈（为了…）而使用…draw on sth [to use sth. for a particular purpose]使用，运用，利用use / make use of或wield或exploit文武双全be able to wield both the pen and the sword开发自然资源exploit natural resources🎈太平洋沿岸市场Pacific Rim markets太平洋沿岸气候/天气Pacific Rim weatherFor instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan’s near lock on the memory-chip market.比如说，亚历克斯·奥，一位来自香港的斯坦福大学博士，已经在台湾建厂，对日本在内存条市场上近似垄断的局面提出了挑战。🎈Ph.D. (PhD)指哲学博士（doctor of philosophy），也可泛指博士。🎈对于…的垄断a lock on sth.= complete control of sth.monopoly n.垄断India-born N. Damodar Reddy’s tiny California company reopened an AT&T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri.印度出生的N·达莫达·雷迪经营的小小的加州公司在堪萨斯城重新启用了美国电话电报公司的一家芯片工厂，并从密苏里州获取了财政上的支持。🎈AT&T（美国电话电报公司）：American Telephone and Telegraph—the largest telecommunications company in the United States, based in New York City.🎈financing=funding n.资助finance/ back/ fund /subsidize v.资助一家由私人捐款资助的慈善机构a charity financed / funded / backed by private donations一家政府资助的健康保健服务机构a government-subsidized health servicesponsor v.赞助Before it becomes a retirement village, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.在硅谷变成一个退休村之前，它很可能成为建立全球商业的一个教学场地。🎈Before it becomes a retirement village= Before it no longer takes the lead in computer industry“退休村”指硅谷不再引领潮流，地位被所取代。🔥必背词汇integrated adj. 各部分完美组合在一起的，综合的一个综合性的公共交通系统an integrated public transport system集成电路integrated circuit把A和B（完美地）结合在一起integrate A with B把理论和实践结合起来integrate theory with practicepenalize v. 处罚，惩罚（正式处分某人，可是金钱方面，也可是权力方面）因…处罚某人penalize sb. for sth.penalty n. 处罚，惩罚死刑death penalty/capital punishmentfine v. 罚款因…对某人罚款… fine sb. (money) for sth.例句He was fined $300 for reckless driving.他因鲁莽驾驶被罚款300美元。sentence v.判刑被判刑… be sentenced to …例句He was sentenced to（他被判处…）+10 years in prison.十年有期徒刑life imprisonment.终身监禁death.死刑discipline v.（上级对下级的）处罚因…处罚某人discipline sb. for sth.例句The worker was disciplined for insubordination.这名工人因不服从领导而被处罚。customize v. 为用户定做，使个人化一辆为客户定制的汽车a customized carcivilize v.使文明，使开化generalize v.归纳，总结，使一般化localize v.使本地化pulverize v.磨成粉，使粉末化spawn v.（鱼或青蛙）产卵；引起，引发，常指引发一系列事情，后常跟pl例句New technology has spawned new business opportunities.新技术创造了一系列新的商业机会。breed v. 引起，引发Unemployment breeds social unrest.引起，引发 give birth to …例句Marx’s ideas gave birth to communism.产生，导致(思想/信仰/观念) propagate例句Such lies are propagated in the media.thrive v. 植物茁壮成长；兴旺，繁荣 =prosper一个繁荣的产业a thriving / prosperous industryanarchy n. 无政府状态；混乱例句In the absence of their teacher, the class was in a state of anarchy.老师不在教室，班里一片混乱。【词根】arch(y) = rulemonarch n.君主，国王→ monarchy n.君主制patriarchy n.父权制matriarchy n.母权制oriental adj. 东方的；n. 东方人 （含贬义，谨慎使用）occidental adj. 西方的；n. 西方人东方国家the Orient西方国家the Occident下列词语：（含贬义→礼貌称呼）Negro →BlackAfrican-American→Afro-AmericanEskimo→ InuitOriental→ Asian或直接用国籍表示（Chinese / Korean / Japanese）constitute v. 组成，形成，构成对…构成威胁/隐患constitute / pose a threat / menace to…constitution n.宪法constitutional a.宪法的君主立宪制constitutional monarchydrove n. 一群牲畜；移动的人群马/牛群a drove of horses / cattle大群大群地in droves例句Tourists come in droves to see the Imperial Palace.成群成群的游客前来参观故宫。innovator n. 革新者，创新者innovate v. 革新，创新在技术上创新innovate in techniques [用介词in]innovation n. 革新，创新【词根】“nov” = newnovel a.新颖的→novelty n. 新鲜事物=new things一个全新的想法a novel ideanovice n.新手renovate v. 整修，翻新→ renovation n.例句The Imperial Palace is under renovation.故宫正在翻修。forge v. 打铁，锻造；建立联系；伪造锻造一把剑forge a sword和…建立联系/结成同盟forge + a relationship / an alliance / a link + with …伪造的护照a forged passportforgery n.赝品，伪造品例句The painting is a forgery.这幅画是赝品。🔥重点表达一个综合性的公共交通系统an integrated public transport system集成电路integrated circuit把A和B（完美地）结合在一起integrate A with B把理论和实践结合起来integrate theory with practice因…处罚某人penalize sb. for sth.死刑death penalty/capital punishment因…对某人罚款… fine sb. (money) for sth.被判刑… be sentenced to …一辆为客户定制的汽车a customized car引起，引发 spawn/ breed/ give birth to / propagate…一个繁荣的产业a thriving / prosperous industry东方国家the Orient西方国家the Occident对…构成威胁/隐患constitute / pose a threat / menace to…君主立宪制constitutional monarchy马/牛群a drove of horses / cattle大群大群地in droves在技术上创新innovate in techniques一个全新的想法a novel idea锻造一把剑forge a sword和…建立联系/结成同盟forge + a relationship / an alliance / a link + with …伪造的护照a forged passport使某人能…enable sb. to do与…差不多much the way+定从下降到drop / fall / decrease (to …)骤降，暴跌plummet / plunge / nosedive / take a nosedive (to …)上升到rise / go up / increase / climb / escalate (to …)暴涨soar / rocket (to …)预言说predict/ foretell瑞雪兆丰年。Timely snow foretells a bumper harvest.使…完善perfect… / bring … to perfection一家互联网公司an Internet start-up得到了超越某人的…优势get a jump on sb.靠…发达起来thrive on sth.组成，形成，构成constitute / make up / compose / comprise由…组成/构成comprise / be made up of / be composed of / consist of大多数，大部分a high / large proportion / percentage of生物工程biological engineering软件工程software engineering朝鲜the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK)菲律宾the Philippines（为了…）而使用…draw on sth [to use sth. for a particular purpose]使用，运用，利用use / make use of或wield或exploit文武双全be able to wield both the pen and the sword开发自然资源exploit natural resources 太平洋沿岸市场Pacific Rim markets太平洋沿岸气候/天气Pacific Rim weather对于…的垄断a lock on sth. = complete control of sth.一家由私人捐款资助的慈善机构a charity financed / funded / backed by private donations一家政府资助的健康保健服务机构a government-subsidized health service退休村a retirement village硅谷Silicon Valley🔥复盘测试一个综合性的公共交通系统集成电路把A和B（完美地）结合在一起把理论和实践结合起来因…处罚某人死刑因…对某人罚款…被判刑… 一辆为客户定制的汽车引起，引发一个繁荣的产业东方国家西方国家对…构成威胁/隐患君主立宪制马/牛群大群大群地在技术上创新一个全新的想法锻造一把剑和…建立联系/结成同盟伪造的护照使某人能…与…差不多下降到骤降，暴跌上升到暴涨预言说瑞雪兆丰年。使…完善一家互联网公司得到了超越某人的…优势靠…发达起来组成，形成，构成由…组成/构成大多数，大部分生物工程软件工程朝鲜菲律宾（为了…）而使用…使用，运用，利用文武双全开发自然资源太平洋沿岸市场太平洋沿岸气候/天气对于…的垄断一家由私人捐款资助的慈善机构一家政府资助的健康保健服务机构退休村硅谷
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