People are always talking about ‘the problem of youth’. 人们总是在谈论“青年问题”。🎈老是做某事（让人觉得讨厌）be always doingbe forever doingbe constantly / continually doing sth.keep (on) doing sth.do sth. all the time / time and time again / with monotonous regularity / ad nauseam例句He’s always having arguments with people.他老是和人们吵嘴。If there is one—which I take leave to doubt—then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves.如果这个问题存在的话——请允许我对此持怀疑态度——那么，这个问题是由老年人而不是青年人造成的。🎈结构：If there is one—which I take leave to doubt 整个是条件状从，相当于If there is one at all, 其中which I take leave to doubt是插入语，表示“对此我不敢苟同”。it is older people who…是强调句，强调sb时可用that或who。then使主从句之间连贯感更好。【补充】at all在否定句中与否定词连用表示“一点也不”；在疑问句或条件状语从句中意为“真的…”、“对此不敢相信”。例句Do you know him at all?你真的认识他吗？He will come before dinner if he comes at all.如果他真的要来的话，他晚饭前会来的。Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings—people just like their elders.让我们来认真研究一些基本事实：承认青年人和他们的长辈一样也是人。🎈结构：that the young are after all human beings是宾语从句；破折号引出human beings的同位语。🎈开始认真严肃做某事get down to sth. / doing =to start doing sth. seriously例句Let’s get down to business.让我们开始谈正事吧。Let’s get down to discussing the details.让我们讨论一下细节问题。🎈v.承认agree/ accept / admit / acknowledge / recognize / concedeThere is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.老年人和青年人只有一个区别：青年人有光辉灿烂的前景，而老年人的辉煌已成为过去。问题 的症结恐怕就在这里。🎈结构：第一个冒号后的the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him是one difference的同位语；第二个冒号后的and引出并列句。where the rub is是表语从句。🎈只有一个区别just / merely / no more than one difference或a single / solitary difference🎈a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him采用了对比的修辞（结构相同，语义相同或相对），使句式工整，对照鲜明，音韵和谐，回环铿锵，读起来特别有力。🎈这就是…（之处）That’s where…例句That’s where you and I differ.这就是我和你的不同之处。That’s where I draw the line. 这就是我的底线。/这事儿我不会做。When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain—that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem.我十几岁时，总感到自己年轻，有些事拿不准——我是一所大学里的一名新生，如果我当时真的被看成像一个问题那样有趣，我会感到很得意的。🎈结构：When I was a teenager是时间状从；that I was just young and uncertain是宾语从句；破折号的功能是引出解释成分，对破折号前的宾从进行说明。would have been是虚拟语气，不定式to be regarded as something作条件状语；形容词短语so interesting as a problem作something的后置定语。🎈13-19岁的青年teenager / teen n.in one’s teensWhen I was in my teens, …adolescent n. 青春期的孩子& adj. 青春期的adolescence n. 青春期juvenile n./a. 青少年（的）青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency少年犯juvenile delinquent🎈 in a huge school 运用了暗喻的修辞（不出现like之类的比喻词），实则指the society。🎈把A看作B regard / see / count A as Bthink of / look on / conceive of A as Bconsider A (to be) Bdeem / reckon A to be B被公认为be recognized / acknowledged as …For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking.因为这至少使我得到了某种承认，这正是年轻人所热衷追求的。🎈结构：For one thing介词短语作原因状语，意为“原因之一是”。the things the young are busily engaged in seeking= the things (that/which) the young are busily engaged in seeking，可看作省略了关系词的定语从句。🎈原因之一是…；另一个原因是…for one thing … ;for another …一方面…另一方面…on the one hand … on the other (hand) …[一定是表转折关系]例句On the one hand I’d like a job which pays more, but on the other (hand) I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.不是因为…而是因为… not that …, but that …/ It is not that … but (that) …🎈忙于某事be engaged in sth. / doingI find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things.我觉得年轻人令人振奋，无拘无束。他们既不追逐卑鄙的名利，也不贪图生活的舒适。他们不热衷于向上爬，也不一味追求物质享受。🎈追求更高社会地位的人，向上爬的人（贬）social climbers🎈have devotion to中的to是介词，后接名词或动名词。All this seems to me to link them with life and the origins of things. 在我看来，所有这些使他们与生命和万物之源联系在了一起。🎈结构：to me是插入语；第二个to和seem连用，是固定结构；life 和 the origins of things是and连接的并列成分。It’s as if they were, in some sense, cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures.从某种意义上讲，他们似乎是宇宙人，同我们这些凡夫俗子形成了强烈而鲜明的对照。🎈结构：as if they were, in some sense, cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures 整个是表语从句；in some sense是插入语；in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures介词短语作比较状语。🎈as if/as though引导的从句若表示完全不可能发生的事情，用虚拟语气；若表示可能会发生的事情，则用真实语气。也就是说，as if/as though从句不是必须用虚拟语气。例句Don’t act as if you were the only pebble on the beach.不要太拿自己当回事。（you是不可能真的成为pebble的，所以用了虚拟语气）🎈在某种意义上in some sense在某种程度上to some degree / extent或in some measure🎈creatures意同people，being。“be”除去作be动词表示“是…”的含义，还可以指“存在”。人类human being智慧生物intelligent being外星生物alien being、存在还是毁灭，这是个问题。To be, or not to be: that is the question.我思故我在。I think therefore I am.— René Descartes（笛卡尔）🎈与…相对比/对照in / by contrast to / with …in / by comparison to / with …compared to / with …All that is in my mind when I meet a young person. 每逢我遇到年轻人，脑子里就想到这些。🎈在脑海中/心中记着be in one’s mind惦念着，牵挂着be on one’s mindHe may be conceited, ill-mannered, presumptuous or fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary clichés about respect for elders—as if mere age were a reason for respect.年轻人也许狂妄自负，举止无理，傲慢放肆，愚昧无知，但我不会用应当尊重长者这一套陈词滥调来为我自己辩护，似乎年长就是受人尊敬的理由。🎈结构：as if mere age were a reason for respect是方式状从，其中were表示一种虚拟语气。🎈没礼貌的ill-mannered坏脾气的ill-tempered不明智的ill-advised没教养的ill-bred未受过（良好）教育的ill-educated🎈向A寻求B turn to A for B原文中这个结构调整了to A和for B的顺序，原因就是为了句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻。🎈mere age中的age不译“年龄”，而是意为“年纪大、晚年”等。少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。An idle youth, a needy age.I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong.如果我认为他们错了，我就以平等的身份和他们争个明白。🎈结构：that we are equals是宾语从句；as an equal是插入语；if I think he is wrong是条件状语从句。🎈本文的内容安排遵循了“claim-response pattern（主张-反应模式）”，行文内容按照1claim-2response-3reasons for response-4relevant example(s)-5reaffirmation的结构安排，在最后一句重申了作者的观点。🔥必背词汇leave n. 允许，许可请允许我（冒昧地）做某事take leave to do sth forgive me for doing take the liberty of doing venture to dofundamentals n. 基本原理，基本原则基本原理the basics/ the rudiments /the first principlesfundamental adj. basic, essential 根本的根本区别the fundamental difference问题的根本原因the fundamental cause of the problemglorious adj. 光辉灿烂的，荣耀的，辉煌的光辉的成就a glorious achievement所有中国同胞都应该共同努力为中华民族的光辉未来而奋斗。All the Chinese compatriots should take concerted efforts to create a glorious future of the Chinese nation.光辉的未来a rosy / brilliant / splendid / magnificent futureglory n.光辉光辉岁月glory days [这是固定搭配，不用glorious]rub n. 难题，困难，困境这就是问题所在。/问题就出在这个地方。Here is the rub. / That’s where the rub is.让某人生气rub sb. the wrong way/ get on one’s nerves commitment n. 信奉，信仰（宗教或主义等）；承诺信奉，信仰commitment to sth./ make a commitment to do …履行承诺honor / fulfill one’s commitmentdevotion n. 热爱对教育事业的热爱devotion to the cause of education对某人的爱（泛指）the love for sbaffection n.慈爱，柔情母爱/父爱maternal / paternal affectionaffectionate a.充满慈爱的 infatuation n.（贬）过分迷恋cosmic adj. 宇宙的cosmos n.宇宙comic a.喜剧的，滑稽的comet n.彗星cosmetics n.化妆品（装在瓶子里）make-up n.化妆品（擦在脸上）例句她没擦化妆品。She doesn’t wear make-up. √She doesn’t wear cosmetics. Xuniverse n.宇宙universal a.普遍的suburban adj. 郊区的；见识不广的，偏狭的urban a. 市区的provincial a.省的；狭隘的rural a.农村的pastoral a.田园的（强调农村的美好风光）田园风光 a pastoral scene或pastoral scenerymetropolitan a.大城市的，大都会的→n. metropoliscosmopolitan a.国际性大都会的→n. cosmopolis🔥重点表达请允许我（冒昧地）做某事take leave to do sth / forgive me for doing / take the liberty of doing / venture to do基本原理the basics/ the rudiments /the first principles根本区别the fundamental difference问题的根本原因the fundamental cause of the problem光辉的未来a rosy / brilliant / splendid / magnificent future光辉岁月glory days这就是问题所在。/问题就出在这个地方。Here is the rub. / That’s where the rub is.让某人生气rub sb. the wrong way/ get on one’s nerves 信奉，信仰commitment to sth./ make a commitment to do …履行承诺honor / fulfill one’s commitment对教育事业的热爱devotion to the cause of education对某人的爱（泛指）the love for sb母爱/父爱maternal / paternal affection田园风光 a pastoral scene/ pastoral scenery老是做某事（让人觉得讨厌）be always doing开始认真严肃做某事get down to sth. / doing =to start doing sth. seriously承认agree/ accept / admit / acknowledge / recognize / concede这就是…（之处）That’s where…13-19岁的青年teenager / teen n.青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency少年犯juvenile delinquent把A看作B regard / see / count A as B被公认为be recognized / acknowledged as …原因之一是…；另一个原因是…for one thing … ;for another …一方面…另一方面…on the one hand … on the other (hand) …[一定是表转折关系]不是因为…而是因为… not that …, but that …/ It is not that … but (that) …忙于某事be engaged in sth. / doing追求更高社会地位的人，向上爬的人（贬）social climbers万物之源the origins of things在某种意义上in some sense在某种程度上to some degree / extent或in some measure人类human being智慧生物intelligent being外星生物alien being存在还是毁灭，这是个问题。To be, or not to be: that is the question.— William Shakespeare我思故我在。I think therefore I am.— René Descartes与…相对比/对照in / by contrast to / with …或in / by comparison to / with …或compared to / with …在脑海中/心中记着be in one’s mind惦念着，牵挂着be on one’s mind没礼貌的ill-mannered坏脾气的ill-tempered不明智的ill-advised没教养的ill-bred未受过（良好）教育的ill-educated向A寻求B turn to A for B少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。An idle youth, a needy age.🔥复盘测试请允许我（冒昧地）做某事基本原理根本区别问题的根本原因光辉的未来光辉岁月这就是问题所在。/问题就出在这个地方。让某人生气信奉，信仰履行承诺对教育事业的热爱对某人的爱（泛指）母爱/父爱田园风光老是做某事（让人觉得讨厌）开始认真严肃做某事承认这就是…（之处）13-19岁的青年青少年犯罪少年犯把A看作B 被公认为原因之一是…；另一个原因是…一方面…另一方面…不是因为…而是因为… 忙于某事追求更高社会地位的人，向上爬的人（贬）万物之源在某种意义上在某种程度上人类智慧生物外星生物存在还是毁灭，这是个问题。我思故我在。与…相对比/对照在脑海中/心中记着惦念着，牵挂着没礼貌的坏脾气的不明智的没教养的未受过（良好）教育的向A寻求B 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
帕布莉卡