I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.当我听人们说体育运动可创造国家之间的友谊，还说各国民众若在足球场或板球场上交锋，就不愿在战场上残杀的时候，我总是惊愕不已。🎈结构：when I hear people…to meet on the battlefield整个是时间状从，其中含and连接的两个并列宾语从句that…and that…，第一个that可以省略，第二个不可以。if only引导条件状从，后接句子要用虚拟语气。🎈使某人惊讶amaze sb. 强调令人迷惑不解surprise sb.astonish sb. 强调难以置信astound / dumbfound sb.（惊呆了）🎈if only…要是…就好了（非常希望某事发生，但未发生），此时要用虚拟语气。例句If only I were as clever as you are!only if…只有…（才）…，句子用真实语气。only if位于句首时主句要部分倒装。例句She will go only if Peter goes. = Only if Peter goes will she go.Even if one didn’t know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.一个人即使不能从具体的事例(例如1936年的奥林匹克运动会)了解到国际运动比赛会导致疯狂的仇恨，也可以从常理中推断出结论。🎈结构：Even if引导让步状从；from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance)是介词短语作状语，括号内的成分作插入语；that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred是宾语从句。🎈辨析even if … / even though …就算，即使even if，含“假设”意味。例句Even if you dislike ancient monuments, Warwick Castle is worth a visit. 讲话者并不知道你是否喜欢古建筑馆尽管even though，后接事实。例句Even though you dislike ancient monuments, Warwick Castle is worth a visit. 不喜欢古建筑馆是事实🎈具体的solid / concrete抽象的abstract🎈疯狂的…，过度的… orgies of … / an orgy of …疯狂的仇恨orgies of hatred疯狂杀戮an orgy of killing疯狂购物an orgy of spendingbinge / spree n.过度，放纵纵情饮酒/疯狂购物go on a drinking binge/a shopping spreeNearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. 现在开展的体育运动几乎都是竞争性的。🎈经常做，从事practise / practice…practice n. 习俗，惯例You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win.参加比赛就是为了取胜。如果不拼命去赢，比赛就没有什么意义了。🎈竭尽全力do / try one’s utmost to dodo / try one’s best to dogo to great lengths to doendeavor / endeavour to dospare no effort to dogive one’s all to dogo all out to doOn the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused.在乡间的草坪上，当你随意组成两个队，并且不涉及任何地方情绪时，那才可能是单纯的为了娱乐和锻炼而进行比赛。可是一量涉及到荣誉问题，一旦你想到你和某一团体会因为你输而丢脸时，那么最野蛮的争斗天性便会激发起来。🎈结构：On the village green（乡间绿地）是地点状语，where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved是非限制性定从。but引出并列的句子，后面的两个as soon as…是时间状从，if you lose是条件状从。🎈…的问题 (the) question of…声望问题question of prestige面子问题question of pride时间问题question of time…的事matter of …时间/个人偏好/兴趣问题a matter of time / personal taste / preference / interest.生死攸关的事a matter of life and death.例句我不能拿这些钱，这是原则问题。I can’t take the money. It’s a matter of principle.🎈v.出现arise-arose-arisen…从…中出现/…因…出现 arise from …🎈v.激起 arouse激发兴趣/敌意/仇恨arouse interest / hostility / resentment🎈unit n. group; organization组织Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. 即使是仅仅参加过学校足球赛的人也有种体会。🎈Anyone who…结构中anyone位置必须是those, everyone等指示代词，而不用人称代词。At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare.在国际比赛中，体育简直是一场模拟战争。🎈细菌战/丛林战/核战争/化学战争/游击战/心理战germ / jungle / nuclear / chemical / guerrilla / psychological warfare🎈warfare是不可数名词，表示战争类型；war表示相同含义时是不可数名词，但也可作可数名词，表示“几场战争”。But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe—at any rate for short periods — that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.但是，要紧的还不是运动员的行为，而是观众的态度，以及观众身后各个国家的态度。面对着 这些荒唐的比赛，参赛的各个国家会如痴如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信——至少在短期内如此——跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是对一个民族品德素质的检验。🎈(结构：of the nations who work themselves into…=（the attitude）of the nations who work themselves into…“who work themselves into … of national virtue”整个是定语从句，at any rate for short periods是插入语。🎈不是…而是…not … but … 不是因为…，而是因为…not that … but that …/ It is not that … but (that) …🎈观众spectator：（C）多指看体育比赛的观众audience：集体名词，观众按“批”算，多指看电影、话剧、音乐会或听讲座的观众viewer：（C）专指看电视的观众onlooker / looker-on：复数形式分别为onlookers/ lookers-on，指看热闹的人🎈是…而不是…It is … that / who …, not …要紧的是，重要的是It is… that is significant / that is of significance /is significant / that is of significance / that matters / that counts.例句It is the thought that counts.有点类似于中文里的“千里送鹅毛，礼轻情意重”🎈使某人产生某种情绪work sb. into …例句He worked his audience into enthusiasm.他让观众充满了热情。🎈at any rate 1. 无论如何= in any case / event或come what may2. 至少= at least🔥必背词汇goodwill n. 善意，友好，友好关系 流露出善意exude goodwill 增进友好关系promote goodwill 建立并加强友好关系create and strengthen goodwill 友好运动会goodwill games 友好访问goodwill visit / goodwill tour （tour更强调周游好几个国家）例句奥巴马总统正在对中东进行友好访问。President Obama is on a Middle East goodwill tour.正式访问official visit 正式友好访问official goodwill visit 非正式访问informal visit 私人访问private visit 国事访问state visitinclination n. 意愿 有意做某事have an inclination to do sth.完全不想/根本不想做某事haven’t/don’t have the slightest inclination to do往往，常常，倾向于be inclined to do tend to do （要与intend to do（打算/计划做）区分开）has/have the tendency to do be apt / prone to docontest n. 比赛（专门组织的或有打分机制）演讲/选美/舞蹈比赛a speech / beauty / dance contestgame / match n. 比赛（两支队伍相对抗）拳击/篮球/足球/排球赛a boxing / basketball / football / volleyball match / gamegames n. 运动会奥林匹克运动会the Olympic Gamesrace n.竞赛赛车/赛舟/赛马/游泳竞赛a car / boat / horse / swimming raceopen n.公开赛tournament n.锦标赛championship n.冠军赛（即各区第一名再进行比赛，选出最终的优胜者）deduce v. 推断从B推断出A deduce/conclude/infer A from B由成因推导出结果deduce effect from causededuction n.推断inference n.推断conclusion n.结论；事情的结束得出结论come to/draw/reach a conclusion使…结束bring sth to a conclusionpatriotism n. 爱国主义patriot n.爱国者patriotic a.爱国的 E.g.爱国主义歌曲/教育patriotic songs / educationpatriotism n.爱国主义compatriot n.同胞【词根词缀】1“part-”=“pater”：fatherpatriarchy n.父系社会，父权制 patricide n.弑父罪父爱paternal affection2“matr” = “mater”: mothermatriarchy n.母系社会，母权制matricide n.弑母罪母爱maternal affection她正在休产假。She is on maternity leave.disgrace v. 使出丑，使丢脸使…出丑，使丢脸shame / humiliate /bring shame on …/bring disgrace on …使（身旁的）人感到丢脸show sb. up例句Mary’s boyfriend showed her up by falling asleep at the concert.玛丽的男朋友在音乐会上睡着了，这让玛丽感到很丢脸。mimic warfare n. 模拟战争化学战争chemical warfare核战争nuclear warfare细菌战germ warfare游击战guerrilla warfare [区分：gorilla大猩猩]模拟色mimic coloringn.哑剧mime🔥重点表达流露出善意exude goodwill 增进友好关系promote goodwill 建立并加强友好关系create and strengthen goodwill 友好运动会goodwill games 友好访问goodwill visit / goodwill tour正式访问official visit 正式友好访问official goodwill visit 非正式访问informal visit 私人访问private visit 国事访问state visit有意做某事have an inclination to do sth.完全不想/根本不想做某事haven’t/don’t have the slightest inclination to do往往，常常，倾向于be inclined to do 演讲/选美/舞蹈比赛a speech / beauty / dance contest拳击/篮球/足球/排球赛a boxing / basketball / football / volleyball match / game赛车/赛舟/赛马/游泳竞赛a car / boat / horse / swimming race从B推断出A deduce/conclude/infer A from B得出结论come to/draw/reach a conclusion使…结束bring sth to a conclusion爱国主义歌曲/教育patriotic songs / education父爱paternal affection母爱maternal affection使…出丑，使丢脸shame / humiliate /bring shame on …/bring disgrace on …使（身旁的）人感到丢脸show sb. up模拟战争mimic warfare化学战争chemical warfare核战争nuclear warfare细菌战germ warfare游击战guerrilla warfare [区分：gorilla大猩猩]模拟色mimic coloring使某人惊讶amaze sb.要是…就好了if only…只有…（才）…only if…就算，即使even if尽管even though疯狂的…，过度的… orgies of … / an orgy of …疯狂的仇恨orgies of hatred疯狂杀戮an orgy of killing疯狂购物an orgy of spending纵情饮酒/疯狂购物go on a drinking binge/a shopping spree经常做，从事practise / practice…竭尽全力do / try one’s utmost to do乡间绿地the village green…的问题 (the) question of……从…中出现/…因…出现 arise from …激发兴趣/敌意/仇恨arouse interest / hostility / resentment随意组成两个队pick up sides 不是…而是…not … but … 不是因为…，而是因为…not that … but that …/ It is not that … but (that) …要紧的是，重要的是It is… that is significant / that is of significance /is significant / that is of significance / that matters / that counts.使某人产生某种情绪work sb. into …至少at any rate🔥复盘测试流露出善意增进友好关系建立并加强友好关系友好运动会友好访问正式访问正式友好访问非正式访问私人访问国事访问有意做某事完全不想/根本不想做某事往往，常常，倾向于演讲/选美/舞蹈比赛拳击/篮球/足球/排球赛赛车/赛舟/赛马/游泳竞赛从B推断出A得出结论使…结束爱国主义歌曲/教育父爱母爱使…出丑，使丢脸使（身旁的）人感到丢脸模拟战争化学战争核战争细菌战游击战模拟色使某人惊讶要是…就好了只有…（才）…就算，即使尽管疯狂的…，过度的… 疯狂的仇恨疯狂杀戮疯狂购物纵情饮酒/疯狂购物经常做，从事竭尽全力乡间绿地…的问题…从…中出现/…因…出现 激发兴趣/敌意/仇恨随意组成两个队不是…而是… 不是因为…，而是因为…要紧的是，重要的是使某人产生某种情绪至少
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