Books and Man ——Jin Shenghua🔥背景知识：《书与人》选择香港中文大学教授金圣华著的杂文集《桥畔闲眺》（1995年1月出版。文章简洁精辟，寓庄于谐，权衡「情场」与「书林」的轻重得失，语重心长，堪称劝学佳篇。🎈文章标题是要与文章内容相一致，看完整篇文章，你就会发现，文章在说「个人可以从书林找到慰藉」，故标题中「书」译为复数形式的books，而人则译为man，而非men。又，man表示泛指时，其前可不加冠词。有朋友在情场上轰轰烈烈的驰骋了一阵，终于累了，最后，收拾情心，悄悄退回书斋之中，终日与书本为伍。A friend of mine, having been actively involved in the arena of love for some time, finally became weary of it and, containing himself, quietly retired to his study to spend time with books all day long.🎈「在情场上轰轰烈烈的驰骋了一阵」译为having been actively involved in the arena of love for some time，其中having been actively involved in的意思是「积极参与……」「沉醉于……」等。也可用直译法处理之：having galloped about vigorously in the arena of love for some time。或意译为：having been engrossed in romance for some time，其中romance意同 love affairs。🎈「收拾情心」意即「自我克制」，故译containing himself，表示伴随状态。再不听到他唉声叹气，只觉他心情平和，仿佛一切都豁然开朗，天地广阔了许多。He was no longer heard sighing deeply. On the contrary, he now had a peaceful mind and felt everything was bright and clear and the world wide and open.🎈「再不听到他唉声叹气」等可选择「补充主语」，也可选择处理为此处的被动语态。🎈On the contrary是增译成分，原文虽无其词而有其意。🎈felt everything was bright and clear and the world wide and open中有省略现象：the world (was) wide and open。把自己的喜怒哀乐，完全寄托在另外一个人身上，原是一件十分危险的事。It is very dangerous to let somebody be master of your sentiments, such as joy, anger, pleasure and sorrow.🎈「把自己的喜怒哀乐，完全寄托在另外一个人身上」意即「让别人控制自己的喜怒哀乐情绪」，故译to let somebody be master of your sentiments, such as joy, anger, pleasure and sorrow。对方喜则自己心花怒放，对方怒则自己心惊胆战，For example, you are elated simply because the other party looks cheerful, you are jumpy simply because the other party looks put out.🎈For example为增译成分。此句是从上文提到的「喜怒哀乐」抽出「喜」和「怒」进行阐释，也就是举例说明。🎈恼怒的、烦乱的put out例句I did not blame him for feeling put out.我没有因为心烦而责备他。🎈the other party表示另一方。对方的一笑一颦，完全控制着自己的情绪起落，这又何苦呢？Consequently, you are completely at the mercy of the other party as regards your own mood. Is it worth it?🎈Consequently为增译成分。此处看个人理解，也可增译In other words。🎈任…处置、对…无能为力、任由…摆布、受…支配at the mercy of例句We were at the mercy of the weather.我们受制于天气。🎈关于、至于as regards例句I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.至于说她是否适合这个职位，我无可奉告。面对书本，则完全没有这种麻烦。As to books, things are entirely different.🎈关于，至于As to例句As to tax, that will be deducted from your salary.至于税款，将从你薪水中扣除。🎈「则完全没有这种麻烦」即「是另一回事、情况不同」，译作are entirely different，简洁明了，值得借鉴。择书比择友简单得多。It is much easier to choose a book than a friend.🎈much可修饰比较级，表示「…得多」不擅辞令、厌恶应酬的人，可以自由自在的徜徉于书林之中，游目四顾，俯拾皆友。One who is poor at speech and shuns socializing will nevertheless feel like being surrounded by friends while sauntering freely in the midst of books.🎈「厌恶应酬」译为shuns socializing，其中shun (avoids deliberately)替代dislikes；socialize的意思是「参加社交活动」，也可译为dislikes social functions，但social functions指社交集会，如聚会、宴会等，涵盖不如 socialize 广。🎈nevertheless可表示Conceding a point and making a counter-argument「承认一个观点的正确性，并提出一个对立的观点」。例句While the film is undoubtedly too long, it is nevertheless an intriguing piece of cinema. 虽然这部电影的确太长了，但它不失为一部有趣的影片。同理，该句中的nevertheless即表示「虽然这个人不擅辞令、厌恶应酬，但仍可徜徉书海」🎈觉得feel like例句I actually feel like I`m in my element.我真正的感觉到这对我来说得心应手。看书，可以博览，可以细嚼，Some books are to be read cursorily, and some are to be chewed and digested.🎈「博览」是与「细嚼」相对的另一种读书方式，此处采取意译法，译为…are to be read cursorily（粗略地读）。🎈「可以细嚼」本可译为some are to be chewed carefully，现引用英国哲学家弗兰西斯•培根(Francis Bacon)《谈读书》(Of Studies) 一文中的用语，把「细嚼」译为to be chewed and digested (咀嚼消化)，无损原意。没有人会怪你喜新厌旧，也没有人要求你从一而终。None will ever call you fickle-minded, and none will ever demand that you be constant in your affection.🎈fickle-minded（善变的）是合成形容词，构词法为：形容词+现在/过去分词，例句easy-going随和的ready-made现成的🎈demand that you be constant：demand表示「要求、需求」时，后面要跟虚拟语气，其中should可以省略。你大可以从一本换到另一本，喜爱的书，不妨一读再读；You can go from one book to another. And you can read your favourite book over and over again.🎈多次、反复地、一再over and over again例句He did that over and over again.他总是用这种伎俩。不耐看的书，又可随手抛下，谁也不会因此而伤心失望。When you lay aside the book you dislike, none will ever feel hurt or disappointed.🎈把…放在一边、把…搁置一边lay aside🎈lay aside the book you dislike= lay aside the book (that/which) you dislike。（摘自华研专四语法：先行词是物，可用关系代词which/that充当从句中的主语和宾语，作宾语时可省略。） 人际关系错综复杂，那“书际关系”呢？While interpersonal relations are most complicated, what about your relations with books?🎈人际关系interpersonal relations书际关系your relations with books🎈are most complicated：补充「最高级」前不加the的情况：①形容词最高级前有物主代词时，不再加the。Wu Fen is my best friend. 吴芬是我最要好的朋友。②形容词最高级在句中作表语而比较范围又不明确时，最高级前不用the。They are happiest on Saturdays.他们在星期六最快乐。③如果两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，第二个形容词最高级前不加the。He is the youngest and tallest boy in his class.他是班上年龄最小、个子最高的男孩。④如果形容词最高级用来加强语气，作「十分，非常」之意时，前面不加the，但形容词最高级作单数名词的定语时，可用不定冠词a/an。It is a most beautiful picture.它是一张十分漂亮的画。⑤作宾语补足语的形容词最高级前不加the。I found it most difficult to get to sleep.我发现入睡最难.⑥在一些固定用法中，最高级前通常省略the。With best wishes for you.向你致以最美好的祝愿。只要花点时间去了解，再高深的学问也弄得明白。Devote your time to studies, and you will be able to acquire any knowledge no matter how profound it is.🎈Devote your time to studies, and you will be…：「祈使句，+ and + 陈述句」。在这里祈使句相当于if 引导的条件状语从句（此时去掉and）。例句Give me one more hour, and I’ll get the work finished.→ If you give me one more hour, I’ll get the work finished.手持一书，吟哦于四壁之中，神游于四海之外，While being confined to your small room with a book in your hand, your mind will be roaming throughout the world.🎈四海，是一个汉语词汇。指全国各地，指天下、全国；也可指世界各地。现译作throughout the world。既可以与老庄谈心，又可以跟柏拉图对话。You will not only have a heart-to-heart chat with Laozi and Zhuangzi, but also converse with Plato.🎈Laozi (or Lao-tzu, c. 604-531 BC), renowned Chinese philosopher of the late Spring and Autumn Period and founder of Taoism.🎈Zhuangzi (or Chuang-tzu, c. 369-286 BC), Chinese philosopher and writer of the Warring States Period who advocated Taoism.🎈谈心have a heart-to-heart chat面谈a face-to-face conversation心情烦闷时，济慈、雪莱在你耳畔喁喁细语，巴尔扎克为你搬演“人间喜剧”，When you are in a mood, Keats and Shelley will whisper to you soothingly, and Balzac will amuse you with stories from his La Comédie humaine.🎈「心情烦闷时」译为When you arc in a mood，其中in a mood是成语, 作「情绪不好」「生气」解。🎈「在你耳畔喁喁细语」译为will whisper to you soothingly，其中soothingly是根据上下文而添加的成分，作「用抚慰的口气」解。🎈「巴尔扎克为你搬演’人间喜剧可按“巴尔扎克重述‘人间喜剧’中的故事，为你带来乐趣」译为 Balzac will amuse you with stories from his La Comédie humaine。还有李白、杜甫、王尔德、莎士比亚……一大堆才华横溢的朋友等着你呼唤前来。And a galaxy of talented friends like Li Bai, Du Fu, Oscar Wilde, Shakespeare … will come to you at your call.🎈Li Bai (701-762), one of China’s most famous poets in the Tang Dynasty.🎈Du Fu (712-770), one of China’s most famous poets in the Tang Dynasty.🎈一群名人、人才荟萃a galaxy of例句He is one of a small galaxy of Dutch stars on German television.出现在德国电视上的荷兰明星为数不多，他是其中一位。找不到朋友时，为什么不翻翻书?If you are lonely, why not seek the company of books?🎈「找不到朋友」即「自己独身一人」，现译作are lonely。🎈「为什么不翻翻书」译作why not seek the company of books?。其中company是名词，表示「陪伴」，从而使整句译文有了温度，并同时暗含「与书交友」之意，和「找不到朋友时」中「朋友」一词相呼应。🔥必背词汇arena cn.活动领域，舞台英义You can refer to a field of activity, especially one where there is a lot of conflict or action, as an arena of a particular kind.例句He made it clear he had no intention of withdrawing from the political arena.他清楚地表明他无意退出政治舞台。weary adj.疲倦的，疲劳的英义If you are weary, you are very tired.例句Rachel looked pale and weary.雷切尔看起来脸色苍白，疲惫不堪。contrary adj.相反的，相对的英义Ideas, attitudes, or reactions that are contrary to each other are completely different from each other.例句This view is contrary to the aims of critical social research for a number of reasons.之所以说此观点违背了批判性社会研究的宗旨，有几点理由。elated adj.兴高采烈的，得意洋洋的英义If you are elated, you are extremely happy and excited because of something that has happened.例句I was elated that my second heart bypass had been successful…第二次心脏搭桥手术成功了，我很高兴jumpy adj.坐立不安的，胆战心惊的英义If you are jumpy, you are nervous or worried about something.例句I told myself not to be so jumpy.我告诉自己别这么提心吊胆的。🔥重点表达在情场上轰轰烈烈的驰骋了一阵having been actively involved in the arena of love for some time终日与书本为伍spend time with books all day long相反On the contrary把自己的喜怒哀乐完全寄托在另外一个人身上to let somebody be master of your sentiments, such as joy, anger, pleasure and sorrow恼怒的、烦乱的put out这又何苦呢？Is it worth it?任…处置、对…无能为力、任由…摆布、受…支配at the mercy of关于、至于as regards关于；至于As to厌恶应酬to shun socializing徜徉于书林之中sauntering freely in the midst of books多次、反复地、一再over and over again人际关系interpersonal relations书际关系your relations with books谈心have a heart-to-heart chat心情烦闷in a mood一群[名人]、人才荟萃a galaxy of🔥复盘测试在情场上轰轰烈烈的驰骋了一阵终日与书本为伍相反把自己的喜怒哀乐完全寄托在另外一个人身上恼怒的、烦乱的这又何苦呢？任…处置、对…无能为力、任由…摆布、受…支配关于、至于关于；至于厌恶应酬徜徉于书林之中多次、反复地、一再人际关系书际关系谈心心情烦闷一群[名人]、人才荟萃🔥表达对比「相反、反而」有几种表达？再不听到他唉声叹气，相反只觉他心情平和，仿佛一切都豁然开朗，天地广阔了许多。He was no longer heard sighing deeply. On the contrary, he now had a peaceful mind and felt everything was bright and clear and the world wide and open.与此（相反），截止到六月，美国的生产依旧在走下坡路。In contrast, up to June, America’s production continued to fall.人们通常认为男人坚强，但大多数女人都知道实际的情况往往（相反）。Men are generally supposed to be strong, but most women know that the reverse is often true.（相反），他却无助地大笑起来，靠在墙上，酒壶放在膝间。Instead he began to laugh helplessly, leaning against the wall with the jug between his knees.
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