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《一座长桥 ——金圣华》 -英语技巧与实例-英汉互译实用教程

2023-01-20 分类：新概念英语第四册 阅读(105) 评论(0)

一座长桥 ——金圣华

A Long Bridge ——Jin Shenghua
 
🔥背景知识：《一座长桥》选自香港中文大学教授金圣华著的杂文集《桥畔闲眺》（1995年1月出版）。书中不少杂文谈论翻译，此为其中之一。文章以比喻手法描述翻译工作者的甘苦与奉献，有声有色，切中要害。现用现在时态英译全文，以增加文字的生动性。
 
翻译就像一座桥，桥两端，气候悬殊，风光迥异。
Translation is like a bridge with a very different climate and landscape at either end of it.
🎈「桥两端，气候悬殊，风光迥异」是对桥的进一步描述，译文并未单独起句，而是以with复合结构将其与前一部分连接起来。
🎈at either end…亦可写作at both ends…。
 
两端之间，原隔着险峻的山谷，湍急的溪流。
Under the bridge, there lies a valley between steep mountains with a rapid stream flowing through it.
🎈「险峻的山谷」指「位于陡峭的两山之间的狭长地带」，故译为a valley between steep mountains，其中把「险峻」译为steep或dangerously steep皆可。
🎈「湍急的溪流」意即「中间有湍急的溪流」，故译with a rapid stream flowing through it,其中with和flowing through it都是译文中的增译成分。
 
两旁的人，各忙各的，世代相传，分别发展出一套不同的习俗风尚以及语言文化来。
Before the bridge is built, people on either side of the valley have for generations made no contact with those on the other. Hence, there have developed two different customs and habits, and two different languages and cultures.
🎈「两旁的人，各忙各的，世代相传」意即「两岸的人，世世代代不相往来」，故译people on either side of the valley have for generations made no contact with those on the other。
🎈Hence是增译成分，补充逻辑关系：由于「各忙各的」，所以产生了两种不同的习俗文化。
🎈hence的用法
A: ①hence后面可以直接放上一个名词成分，形成一个没有谓语动词的特殊句型，表示「因为前面说过的缘故，所以有了…」
例句
Hence my surprise. 
所以我感到惊讶。
Hence my letter. 
所以我就写这封信。
Hence the fact that… 
因此…
②hence也可以作为一个普通的副词（「因此」「由此」）放在正常的句子中起作用。
例句
These cars have become cheaper, and hence affordable to more people.
这些汽车变得更为便宜，因而为更多的人所买得起。
③ hence还有「从现在算起」的副词意义。
例句
The property must be vacated 12 days hence. 
该不动产应该自现在起12天内腾出。
 
有一天，这不同文化习俗的人，忽然想起要跟对岸打个招呼。
One day, people of the two sides, each with a different culture and custom, suddenly desire to communicate with each other. 
🎈each with a different culture and custom是独立主格结构。
补充
with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可以作后置定语修饰名词。有趣的是，这两种结构可以结合起来，并表现出独立主格的特色。
例句
The boys are playing with snow，each with a face red with cold.
孩子们在打雪仗，个个脸蛋冻得通红。
🎈「忽然想起要跟对岸打个招呼」意即「忽然想要同对岸的人联系」，故译suddenly desire to communicate with each other。
 
怎么办？要渡过峡谷，不得不起一座桥，谁来起桥？
What can they do? A bridge of course has to be built in order to cross the valley. But who is to build it?
🎈 is to build it：be to do一般表示实现计划好，打算好要去做的事。
 
终于来了，一群傻里傻气的志愿者。
At last, a group of people naively offer themselves for the job.
🎈「终于来了，一群傻里傻气的志愿者」译为At last, a group of people naively offer themselves for the job，其中offer themselves for the job 作「自荐做这工作」解，全句也可译为 At last a group of volunteers naively offer to do the job。
 
问他们：“你们可知道，干这份工作，必须吃得起苦，干劲十足？”
Someone asks them, “Don’t you know you’ll have to go about this job earnestly and fear no hardship?”
🎈原文「问他们」译作Someone asks them，注意补充出主语。
🎈Don’t you know意思是「你不知道…吗？」，含奇怪、吃惊的反问意味；而do you know则是普通的疑问语气。
 
他们点点头，充满信心的说：“我们有的是干劲，我们也不怕吃苦。”
They nod their heads and answer with confidence, “We’re full of drive and not afraid of hardship.”
🎈「有的是干劲」译作are full of drive。其中，drive是不可数名词，指「精力，干劲，冲劲，决心」等。
例句
John will be best remembered for his drive and enthusiasm.
约翰的魄力和热情最令人难忘。
 
再问道：“这份差事，待遇并不好，赶起工来，日以继夜。说老实话，你们可知道付出的劳力与报酬并不相符？”
The questioner says again, “The profession you’re joining pays badly. And often you even have to work round the clock. Frankly, you won’t be fairly rewarded according to your labour.”
🎈「这份差事」本可按「这个工作」译为This job，现按「这一行」或「这职业」译为This profession，似更切合原文内涵。
🎈pays badly也可写作is badly paid。
🎈日夜不停、夜以继日地round the clock，在句中作方式状语。
例句
He works round the clock until eventually he creates a beautiful sculpture.
他每天都在雕刻，最终他创造了一个美丽的雕塑。
 
答道：“我们不是想发财。”
They answer, “We don’t want to get rich.”
🎈「想发财」即「想变富」，现译作want to get rich。get与adj连用，表示状态的转变，意思是“变得…”。
例句
From here on, it can only get better.
从此，情况只会越来越好。
 
再追问：“难道不知道从来没有人是干这一行而发达的吗？做这一行必须默默耕耘， 
The questioner says again, “Don’t you know that none in this profession have ever become prosperous. You have to toil away in obscurity. 
🎈「必须默默耕耘」译为You have to toil away in obscurity，其中「耕耘」译为to toil away，意同to work very hard，不可直译为to plough and weed。又「默默」译为in obscurity意为 without being known to people at large（鲜为人知）。
 
若想抱着沽名钓誉的心，还是趁早别干。
If you want to go after fame and compliments, you had better not choose this profession. 
🎈沽名钓誉意思是使用各种不正当手段以谋取好的名声和荣誉。此处强调「追名逐誉」，简化意思译作go after fame and compliments。其中compliment指「赞美、恭维话」
🎈最好（不）要做某事had better/best （not）do sth
例句
You’d better go to the doctor about your cough.
你最好去找医生看看你的咳嗽。
 
桥造好了，人在桥上踏，没有谁会为你们立纪念碑的。”
When people walk on the bridge after it is built, none will ever think of putting up a monument to you.” 
🎈think单独使用时表示「思考」，接that宾语从句时意为「认为、觉得」。think of意为「考虑到、想到」，后常接代词、名词或动词-ing形式。
🎈为你们立纪念碑putting up a monument to you。其中put up有多重含义，现进行拓展：
① 举起，抬起，提高
Put up your hands if you have any questions.
如果有问题请举手。
We put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains.
下雨时我们撑开伞来遮挡雨水。
They have put up the rent by ＄200 a month.
他们把每月的租金提高了200美元。
② 公布，张贴(布告、相片等) 
同义词：display
Posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
校园中到处张贴着海报，号召我们加入到让地球更环保的行动中来。
③ 建造(房屋等)，搭建
They have put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently.
最近他们盖起了很多高楼大厦。
④ 留宿，住宿
I was hoping Kenny could put me up for a few days
我希望肯尼能让我留宿几天。
⑤ put up with忍受，容忍 
同义词：tolerate bear
I can’t put up with their smoking any longer. 
我再也无法忍受他们抽烟了。
 
又答道：“我们不是想出名。”
They answer again, “We don’t care for fame.”
🎈「不是想出名」按「不爱名誉」之意译作don’t care for fame。其中，care for表示「爱、喜爱」，也可用care about。care about比care for多一层「关心、在乎」的意思。
 
最后只有叹道：“好吧！既不为名也不为利，可别怪大家没提醒你，这工作可得小心经营，
The questioner concludes with a sigh, “OK, so you seek neither fame nor wealth. But mind you, you have to be very careful in doing this job.
🎈「既不为名也不为利」译作seek neither fame nor wealth，学习neither…nor…的用法。
🎈「可别怪大家没提醒你们」不必直译，现按「请注意」或「请听着」译为mind you，既简易达意，又口语化，强调作者想表达的观点。
 
起桥最要紧的是两端根基扎得实，
A solid foundation must be laid at each end of the bridge.
🎈「最要紧的」当然可以译作what’s most important/the most important thing is…。参考译文直接以must译出「必要性、首要性」，更加简洁。
 
起石桥得一块块石头砌；起木桥得一块块木头搭，
A stone bridge is built with block after block of stone. A wooden bridge is built with piece after piece of wood.
🎈注意量词与其所修饰词的搭配，一块石头a block of、一块木头a piece of wood。
🎈block after block、piece after piece中的after表示「逐一」。
例句
There were scenes of unbelievable destruction. Block after block where only foundations were visible.
令人难以置信的破坏场景。一个接一个街区只有基础设施还存在。
 
哪怕是座绳桥也马虎不得，须一根根绳子打结，不然人一上桥就摔下深涧，怎么还到得了对岸？”
Even the building of a rope bridge requires great care. Each rope has to be tied tightly lest the foot passengers should fall into the ravine, to say nothing of reaching the opposite side.”
🎈lest the foot passengers should fall into the ravine：
补充
lest, in case, for fear that「以防，万一，唯恐」引导目的状语从句常用虚拟语气，谓语动词用「should+动词原形」。lest, for fear that从句中的should可以省去，in case从句中的should通常不省略，但是in case引导的从句也可用陈述语气。
例句
He took the raincoat with him lest it (should) rain.
他带上了雨衣，以防下雨。
I obeyed her for fear that she (should) be angry.
我得顺着她，免得她生气。
In case he comes, let me know. 
万一他来了，告诉我一声。
🎈更不用说to say nothing of
例句
It was too expensive, to say nothing of the time it wasted.
这太贵了，更不用说它浪费的时间了。
补充
其他「更不用说」的表达：
①由于他们一声不响，默默无闻，就很少为人所知，（更不）受重视。
As to those engrossed in “laying eggs”, because they are reserved and content to live in obscurity they gain little public attention, let alone recognition. 
②它的宽大的叶子也是片片向上，几乎没有斜生的，（更不用说）倒垂了；
Their leaves are broad and point upwards with very few slanting sideways, much less upside down.
③他会说德语和法语，（更不用说）英语了。
He can speak German and French, not to speak of English.
④老人、小孩都不赞成这个建议，更不用说年轻人了。
Old folks and children are all against the proposal, not to mention  the youth.
⑤他会说德语和法语，（更不用说）英语了。
He can speak German and French, not to speak of English.
 
桥还是建了，一座座、一条条。
Bridges are being built one after another.
🎈「一座座」「一条条」所表达的意思相同，译出一处即可，现译为one after another（一个接一个地，陆续地，络绎不绝地）。
补充
多数情况下，one by one可与one after another替换。不过one by one通常强调的是一次一个，而one after another则强调连续性。
 
知识在传递，文化在交流。可是有谁想起建桥人？
Knowledge spreads and cultures interflow. But who thinks of the bridge builders?
🎈builder：-er后缀加在某些词之后构成名词表示「做…工作的人」「从事…职业的人」。例如：miner矿工。
  
🔥必背词汇
landscape       n.陆上风景，自然景色
英义
The landscape is everything you can see when you look across an area of land, including hills, rivers, buildings, trees, and plants. See usage note at:countryside
例句
We moved to Northamptonshire and a new landscape of hedges and fields.
我们迁往北安普敦郡，置身于一派树篱和田野的新景致中。
 
monument      cn.纪念碑
英义
A monument is a large structure, usually made of stone, which is built to remind people of an event in history or of a famous person.
例句
A monument to him was erected in St Paul’s Cathedral.
在圣保罗大教堂为他修了一座纪念碑。
 
naively      adv.天真地，单纯地
英义
in a naive manner
例句
I naively assumed that I would be paid for the work.
我天真地以为这活儿是有报酬的。
 
drive        un.精力，干劲，冲劲，决心
英义
If you say that someone has drive, you mean they have energy and determination.
例句
John will be best remembered for his drive and enthusiasm.
约翰的魄力和热情最令人难忘。
  
🔥重点表达
险峻的山谷a valley between steep mountains
（中间有）湍急的溪流with a rapid stream （flowing through it）
别发展出一套不同的习俗风尚以及语言文化来have developed two different customs and habits, and two different languages and cultures
终于At last
自荐做这工作offer themselves for the job
有的是干劲are full of drive
不怕吃苦are not afraid of hardship
日夜不停、夜以继日round the clock
付出的劳力与报酬并不相符you won’t be fairly rewarded according to your labour
想发财want to get rich
耕耘（辛苦劳动）to toil away
默默in obscurity
最好（不）要做某事had better/best （not）do sth
为你们立纪念碑putting up a monument to you
不是想出名don’t care for fame
既不为名也不为利seek neither fame nor wealth
请注意、请听着mind you
绳桥a rope bridge
更不用说to say nothing of
一个接一个地；陆续地；络绎不绝地one after another
  
🔥复盘测试
险峻的山谷
（中间有）湍急的溪流
别发展出一套不同的习俗风尚以及语言文化来
终于
自荐做这工作
有的是干劲
不怕吃苦
日夜不停、夜以继日
付出的劳力与报酬并不相符
想发财
耕耘（辛苦劳动）
默默
最好（不）要做某事
为你们立纪念碑
不是想出名
既不为名也不为利
请注意、请听着
绳桥
更不用说
一个接一个地；陆续地；络绎不绝地
 
🔥表达对比
「一个接一个、一个个」有几种表达？
 
桥还是建了，（一座座、一条条）。
Bridges are being built one after another.
 
起石桥得（一块块）石头砌；起木桥得（一块块）木头搭，
A stone bridge is built with block after block of stone. A wooden bridge is built with （piece after piece） of wood.
 
须（一根根）绳子打结，不然人一上桥就摔下深涧，怎么还到得了对岸？”
Each rope has to be tied tightly lest the foot passengers should fall into the ravine, to say nothing of reaching the opposite side.”
 
于是我们开始（一个接一个）的提问。
So we started asking questions one by one.
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