The Green-Uniformed Girl ——Wu Guanzhong🔥背景知识：《绿衣姑娘》是著名画家兼散文家吴冠中写于1981年5月的一篇热情颂扬邮递员的佳作。邮递员风里来雨里去,日复一日为人们「送来了未知的情况和消息，有情和无情的真实」。作者敬爱他们，觉得「那些穿着绿色制服的邮递员姑娘」的喊声是「音乐」，她们个个「都一样的美」。🎈「绿衣姑娘」指「邮递员姑娘」，本可译为The Postgirl，现直译为 The Green-Uniformed Girl,是为了保留原文的形象，读起来较生动。我住的会仙（贤）堂，曾是清末北京鼎鼎有名的大饭馆。The place where I live, known as Hui-xian-tang, used to be a well-known big restaurant in Beijing during the last years of the Qing Dynasty.🎈「清末」译作during the last years of the Qing Dynasty，其中last指「最后的、最末的」，可与thing、person、event、period of time等搭配。想当年，画栋雕窗，面临什刹海，With painted pillars and carved windows, it was then a splendid mansion facing the Shi-sha-hai Lake.🎈有个词语是画栋雕梁，指有彩绘装饰的十分华丽的房屋。此处「画栋雕窗」也含有此意，故译作With painted pillars and carved windows, it was then a splendid mansion…楼上楼下，文士雅集，商贾交易，歌女卖唱，The rooms downstairs and upstairs would be packed with literati enjoying a get-together, tradesmen negotiating business affairs, and singsong girls performing for a living. 🎈downstairs and upstairs是形容词组作状语。downstairs是副词，表示「在楼下」，例如The telephone was downstairs in the entrance hall.电话在楼下的门厅里。upstairs是其反义词，用法同理。🎈「文士雅集」意即「文人聚会」，译为literati enjoying a get-together，其中literati意同men of letters。🎈「楼上楼下，文士雅集，……」实为「各个屋子里满是……的人」，故译为the rooms would be packed with……。又，「文士雅集，商贾交易，歌女卖唱」的结构处理一致，均译作「sb.+现在分词作后置定语」多少豪富人家在此举办过婚嫁喜筵！And it also witnessed numerous wedding feasts held by rich and influential families.🎈注意句式it witnessed……，非常高级：未俗套地选用「富豪人家」作主语，而是灵活处理为(the mansion) it witnessed……。我们在翻译类似「xx时间/xx地点（发生了什么事）」就可套用此表达，译作：「时间/地点+witness/see等……」。例句The year 1949 saw the founding of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国于1949年成立.梁园日暮，如今已成为六、七个单位数十户职工宿舍的大杂院，But now, like a run-down royal palace, it has become a residential compound occupied by dozens of households with some of its members working at six or seven different organizations.🎈「梁园日暮」可按「破败的王室园囿」译为a run-down royal palace (或 garden )。🎈「六、七个单位数十户职工宿舍的大杂院」即「大杂院里住着数十户职工，他们分散在六七个工作单位」，译作a residential compound [occupied /by dozens of households (with some of its members working at six or seven different organizations)。院内地震棚歪歪倒倒，小径曲折，乱石成堆，房檐碰头，不堪回首。Piled high with rubble here and there, the whole place is in a terrible mess with makeshift shacks, a narrow path running zigzag across it, and eaves so low as to hit the head of passers-by.🎈Piled high with rubble here and there：过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。过去分词(短语)作状语一般都用逗号同其它成分隔开。🎈be piled high with…表示……堆的老高here and there 到处，处处every nook and corner 每个角落🎈a narrow path（is） running zigzag across it, and eaves （is）so low as to hit the head of passers-by是并列句的省略现象。🎈比如Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minutes surgical procedure.本句中用两个逗号连接了三个并列分句，中间的and都被省略，完整的句子应为Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression can be controlled, and cataracts can be removed in a 30-minutes surgical procedure.🎈「不堪回首」此处有「不堪入眼、没眼看」的含义，即指院内杂乱无比，故译作is in a terrible mess。我住的是最后院的最后两间平房，后墙外是一条小小的胡同，I live in a one-story two-room house in the rearmost backyard backed by a small lane.🎈one-story、two-room是合成形容词，由「数词+名词（+形容词）」构成。🎈one-way（单行道的）two-year-old（两岁的）。🎈「两间平房」指「两厅式」的平房，平房即只有一层，故译作a one-story two-room house。🎈「后墙外是一条小小的胡同」译作（backyard） backed by a small lane，其中back作动词，取be behind之意，也可理解成「胡同‘支撑’着后墙」。又，「最后院」和「后墙外」合并翻译。后墙窗高，在室内看不到胡同，但可听到胡同里磨剪刀的叫唤声、汽车喇叭声、妇女吵嚷声……As the window is high up in the wall, I can’t see anything in the lane, but I can hear a lot of noises therefrom, such as the cries of itinerant knife sharpeners, the blaring of car horns and the shouting and screaming of women.🎈后墙窗高，（所以）在室内看不到胡同：中文是意合语言，句子间的逻辑关系即使没有逻辑关系词也十分明显，但英语则不同。故译时要补充出逻辑词，选择选取相应结构表示出逻辑关系。如此处选用As引导的原因状语从句来表示两个短句之间的因果关系。🎈therefrom=from outside the wall。therefrom是副词，指（from the thing mentioned）由此；从那里。复习一下，我们之前见过的therein（在其中）也是同样系列的词语哦。🎈「磨剪刀的叫唤声」译为the cries of itinerant knife sharpeners。由于磨刀者大多穿街走巷，从事流动职业，故必须在译文中加上itinerant (流动的)一词，才能充分表达原意。这些混杂的声音不时搅乱我的构思。The mixed noises often disturb me in my work.🎈「这些混杂的声音不时搅乱我的构思」可译为The mixed noises often disturbed me in my work或The mixed noises often disturbed me while I was absorbed in thinking。但终于我发现其中有一种声音是我所喜欢的：“信——，拿报纸——” Exceptionally, however, I find one voice so very pleasing, “Letters, and newspapers! —”🎈Exceptionally（only in unusual circumstances只有在特殊情况下）是增译成分，原文虽无其词而有其意。显然，那是一位姑娘清脆嚎亮的声音，她将尾音拉得长长的，It’s the clear, ringing voice of a young girl, uttered with a much prolonged last syllabic sound.🎈the clear, ringing voice: 虽然高中英语老师一直强调and的重要性，但是实际上，在英语中，修饰同一名词的两个形容词之间不用and的情况非常常见。🎈a much prolonged last syllabic sound中prolonged是过去分词作形容词。补充一种说法：形容词化的过去分词，通常失去被动的含义，表示一种存在的状态，可以是表语、定语、状语。补语，如：be interested in。英语中这样的词很多，有些还能用被动的意思理解，比如此处的prolonged，再比如be absorbed in……等。(ps.康康就好，不用细究)那音浪在胡同里家家庭院的上空久久荡漾，由我听来，那是音乐！It seems to keep echoing over the courtyard of each and every household in the neighborhood. To me, it’s music!🎈 家家户户each and every household，其中，each and every仍指「每一」。我们不妨从each和every着手，看下这个词组的侧重点：each侧重「每个」，有「各自」的含义，并不强调整体概念；而every则强调「全体」，所以大家可以把each and every理解成一个既侧重「个体」又侧重「全体」的表达。🎈这句话有没有使大家想起一个中文词语「余音绕梁」（The tune lingered in the room.）幸运的人们在等待喜讯，分离的亲人在盼望音信。People who have fortune on their side will look forward to good news; people separated from their dear ones will long to hear from them.🎈此处「等待」「盼望」都是「期待」之意。🎈「幸运的人们」译作People who have fortune on their side。其中，have sth. on one’s side指「有…的优势」人，总生活在希望中，个人的命运，国家的前景，世界的风云……一切未来的和未知的在引人关注，谁知明天将发生什么事情！Man always lives in hopes. The personal fate, the prospects of the nation, the fast changing world — in short, all variables and uncertainties in the future —are causing great concern. Nobody knows what tomorrow has got in store for us!🎈我们常说「风云变幻」，意思是像风云那样变化不定。比喻时局变化迅速，动向难以预料。故此处「世界的风云」的「风云」译作the fast changing。🎈 in short（总之）是增译成分，使层次更清楚。🎈「谁知明天将发生什么事情」译作Nobody knows what tomorrow has got in store for us!其中，in store for sb.是惯用表达，表示「就要出现在…身上、即将发生在…身上」，例如Who knows what lies in store for the President?谁知道总统将要面临什么？邮递员，她送来了未知的情况和消息，有情和无情的真实！The postgirl delivers to us news about the unknown future and about the real state of affairs, pleasant or unpleasant.🎈「有情和无情的真实」意即「或好或坏的实际情况」，故译为the real state of affairs, pleasant or unpleasant。犹如别人，我天天盼信，墙外胡同里那位邮递员姑娘的呼喊多亲切啊，Like others, I’m eager for mail every day. How heart-warming is the cry of the postgirl coming from the small lane back of my house!🎈heart-warming是合成形容词，形式为「名词+现在/过去分词」，例如state-owned/backed（国有的）、epoch-making（划时代的）。🎈「墙外胡同里」译为from the small lane back of my house，其中back of和at the back of 同义。日子久了，似乎我早已熟识她。As the years go by, I seem to have known her for a long time.🎈描述「时光流逝、岁月走过」类似的意思，可处理为As the years go by等表达。后来，我走在偏僻的小街小胡同里，便经常不自觉地留心那些骑着绿色自行车，穿着绿色制服的邮递员姑娘们，不知哪一位是我天天听着她呼喊的老相识，她们都一样的美！Later, whenever I took a stroll along the secluded small lane, I would unconsciously turn my eyes towards the green-uniformed postgirls riding green-coloured bikes, wondering which of them was the one whose familiar voice I had heard calling every day. These girls were equally beautiful!🎈「不自觉地留心」按「不自觉看向」之意译作unconsciously turn my eyes towards。🎈中文中的「不知……」有时会指「想知wonder」之意。🎈the one whose familiar voice…：（定语从句）先行词是人或物，且在从句中作定语时，用whose引导，相当于先行词的所有格，whose也可以替换成of which（指物）或of whom（指人）。我青年时期曾害目疾，住在昆明一家医院里动手术，When I was young, I once entered a hospital in Kunming, capital of Yunnan Province, to undergo an operation for eye trouble.🎈capital of Yunnan Province是Kunming的同位语，同时也是增益成分，对背景知识进行补充说明，方便国外读者理解。🎈经历一场手术undergo an operation双目全被包扎了，一切生活听护士安排照料。With both eyes bandaged, I left myself entirely in the care of a nurse.🎈With both eyes bandaged作原因状语，作什么状语要看其具体表意。每日早晚，一位护士姑娘清亮柔和的声音叫我：“考体温（测体温）。” Every morning and evening, I would hear her calling me in a clear, soft voice, “Let’s take your temperature!”🎈Every morning and evening：在平时的学习中，我们注意到一般的时间状语前都有介词in/on/at或for等，而实际上在英语中，有不少表示时间的状语前是不加介词的：①在today, tomorrow, yesterday, the day before yesterday等表示时间概念的名词前一般不用介词，例如We have had six lessons today.我们今天上了六节课。②由this, that ,these, those 等用于表示时间概念的名词前，前面往往不加介词，例如What are you busy with these days?这几天你在忙些什么?③由next, last, the next, the last 等用于表示时间概念的名词前时，前面不用介词修饰，例如We planted many trees last spring.去年春天我们栽了许多树。④在each, any, every, some, all 等用于表示时间概念的名词前，一般不用介词来修饰，例如We have to get up very early every day.每天我们都必须早早起来。（有时候加on等，是因为是具体的某天上午或下午前）我渐渐熟悉这声音，感激这声音，爱这声音，偷偷地爱她了，虽然全不知她是什么模样啊！Gradually I became familiar with the voice. I felt grateful and well disposed towards it. In short, I fell in love with her on the sly though I didn’t even know what she looked like.🎈「爱这声音」应按「对此有好感」的意思译为I felt well disposed towards it，比I loved it 确切。🎈此处in short同上文中刚刚出现的同理，均使结构更清晰。🎈偷偷地on the sly例句Was she meeting some guy on the sly?她是不是偷偷地在见什么人？当我病愈打开双目，想在许多护士姑娘中发现谁是她，但匆匆要出院了，偏偏没有再听到她的声音，The day when I had my eye bandage removed after recovery, I was eager to find out from among the many nurses the one who had attended to me, but in vain because leaving in a flurry, I failed to hear her voice again.🎈had my eye bandage removed是have sth. done的结构，见过很多次。🎈attend to①attend to sb. 照料某人②attend to sth. 处理某事🎈枉费心机、徒劳无益、白费力气in vain例句All our efforts were in vain.我们的所有努力都付诸东流了。🎈徒劳无功、毫无用处、没效果to no avail/little avail例句I apologized repeatedly, but to little avail.我一再道歉，但丝毫没有奏效。🎈fail to表否定意义。我从此同样敬爱都穿着白衣服的她们！Nevertheless, I’ve since held all white-robed nurses in high esteem.🎈Nevertheless是增译成分，补充出逻辑关系。🎈对……心怀崇敬、敬爱……held sb. in high esteem白衣战上，洁白是美吧！绿衣的邮递员，和平的绿色也是美啊！O white-robed nurses, how beautiful is the spotlessly white colour! O green-uniformed postmen and postwomen, how beautiful is the green colour signifying peace!🎈how beautiful is…结构上是问句，但表意和形式上却是感叹句，理解成「多美！」即可。🎈how引导的感叹句类型：①How＋形容词＋主语＋谓语!②How＋副词＋主语＋谓语!③How＋主语＋动词!④How+ many/much/few/little+名词+主语＋谓语!一个下雪天，我正在家作画，突然前院一个姑娘的熟悉的声音在遥唤：“吴冠中，打戳——” One snowy afternoon, when I was doing painting, I heard the familiar voice of a girl calling at a distance from the front courtyard, “Wu Guanzhong, your seal, please —!”🎈at a distance表示「离一段距离，从远处，遥远地，久远地」补充翻译很灵活很巧妙，一个例句：She had loved him at a distance for years.她曾经暗暗爱了他好多年。邮递员来了！我放下画具，急急忙忙地 从地震棚的夹道间冲到前院去。Yes, that was the postgirl! I put down the painting brush and hurried to the front courtyard through the passageway between the makeshift shacks.🎈「邮递员来了！」更确切来讲，是「那个（我寻找好久的）邮递员姑娘来了！」，现译作the post girl!🎈put down①写下；记录；键入 例句Never put anything down on paper. 一定不要写下任何书面的东西②搁在（桌子上等）；放下 例句It’s a great book. I couldn’t put it down.这本书棒极了。我是爱不释手啊。③镇压暴乱或叛乱 例句Soldiers went in to put down a rebellion.军队出动镇压叛乱。待我赶到大门口，看到邮递姑娘的绿色自行车上挂着一个不小的邮袋，邮袋里还装着满满的信件。Arriving at the gate, I saw hanging on the postgirl’s green bike a big postbag bulging with mail.🎈Arriving at the gate作时间状语。🎈saw hanging on the postgirl’s green bike a big postbag bulging with mail即（saw） a big postbag （bulging with mail） hanging on the postgirl’s green bike。大家自己翻译时按正常语序。其中bulging with mail是postbag的后置定语。她如何能离开邮袋呢！Of course that was the last thing for her to leave behind under any circumstances.🎈「她如何能离开邮袋呢」→邮袋是她离开的最后一件东西，译作was the last thing for her to leave behind。复习之前提到last可表否定意义，有同学表示不理解，这次又见到了。再比如：过聂绀弩《我若为王》中，「我根本不想为王」译为being a king is the last thing I aspire to，其中last一词作least likely 或most unlikely（最不可能的）解。我才明白她为什么不能亲自送信入院，只能像草原牧羊女一般用高嗓门遥遥呼唤！I immediately realized why, instead of going to the rearmost courtyard to deliver the letter to me in person, she had had to call me from afar at the top of her voice like a shepherdess on the grassland.🎈亲自，亲身in person🎈had had to:第一个had表时态，第二个had与to连用是have to结构。🎈本文的第二个「从远处」from afar🎈at the top of her voice：复习①谢逸《下蛋·唱鸡·及其它》「大喊大叫」译为shouting and yelling her head off，意同shouting noisily或shouting （at the top of her voice），但稍较强调。②柔石《为奴隶的母亲》「大喊；放一嗓子」cry at the top of her lungs天寒，她穿着厚厚的棉袄，套不上绿色的使者之衣了，It was cold and she was dressed in a cumbersome cotton-padded jacket, which was so big that she could no longer wear the green uniform over it.🎈cumbersome复习后缀-some表示「充满……、有……的倾向」，例如troublesome🎈棉袄、棉袍等用cotton-padde表示，例如萧红《当铺》里「新做起来的我的棉袍 my newly-made cotton-padded gown」，又比如此处的「棉袄cotton-padded jacket」🎈which was so big that是增益成分，交代「套不上/不穿使者之衣」的原因，文中虽无其词而有其意。宽大的围脖裹住了头，遮掩了一半脸面，我看不清她的真面目。The big scarf round her neck concealed half of her face so that I was unable to see what she really looked like.🎈round her neck介词短语作scarf的后置定语。🎈遮掩了一半脸面，（导致）我看不清她的真面目，故增译出其逻辑关系，译作so that……，便于读者理解。待交过信，她没有意识到我还想说话，便敏捷地跨上了自行车，Not knowing that I was eager to talk a few words to her, she quickly mounted her bike and left.🎈「没有意识到我还想说话」即「没有意识到我还想对她说几句话」，现译作Not knowing that I was eager to talk a few words to her。🎈mount有「爬上、登上、骑上」之意，那么由sur-（表示beyond、above、over）+mount构成的surmount则表示「克服」。比如「攻艰克难」就可以译作surmount the difficulties。🎈结合情景，「敏捷地跨上了自行车」中的「敏捷」更侧重其动作的迅速，而非灵活，故译作quickly（英义with rapid movements）衬着耀眼的白雪，人和车的颜色显得格外深暗，Against the blinding white snow, both rider and bike looked especially dark. 🎈against此处为介词，表示「以…为背景」，同时，又因为against兼具「和…对比，对照」之意，此处又可同时表达「雪的白色」和「邮递的绿色」的对比，增强读者感官上的体验。她迅速飞去的背影仿佛是一只展翅的乌鸦，不，是喜鹊！Her quickly receding figure brought to mind a raven on the wing, or rather a magpie!🎈「迅速飞去的背影」即「迅速离开的身影」，现译作Her quickly receding figure。其中，receding一词表示「渐渐远离、远去」复习郑振铎《离别》中有句话：两岸是黄土和青草，再过去是两条的青痕，再过去是地平线上的几座小岛山…… The banks with their yellowish soil and green grass （receded into） two greenish strips until they became some mere islets on the horizon.🎈…让人想到某物 …bring to mind sth.例句The painting brings to mind some of Picasso’s early works.这幅油画使人想起了毕加索早期的作品。🎈on the wing 指(鸟、昆虫等)飞行中的、飞着的🎈严格来说、更精确地说、倒不如说or rather例句After our date… or rather, non-date…在我们的约会之后…应该说，不算是约会…🔥必背词汇magpie n.喜鹊，鹊英义A magpie is a large black and white bird with a long tail.例句And now its been observed for the first time in a bird called the Australian magpie.现在，人们首次在澳洲喜鹊身上发现了这种行为。recede v.退回，后退，远离英义If something recedes from you, it moves away.例句the receding lights of the car越来越远的汽车灯光conceal v.掩盖，遮住英义If something conceals something else, it covers it and prevents it from being seen.例句The hat concealed her hair.帽子遮住了她的头发。itinerant adj. (工人)巡回的，流动的英义An itinerant worker travels around a region, working for short periods in different places.例句itinerant workers/musicians流动工人；巡回乐师shepherdess cn.牧羊女，女牧羊人英义A shepherdess is a woman whose job is to look after sheep.例句The Shepherdess plumped down to the ground with fear.牧羊女很害怕扑通一声倒在地上。makeshift adj.权宜的，临时凑合的英义Makeshift things are temporary and usually of poor quality, but they are used because there is nothing better available.例句The accommodation for the press was makeshift at best.迁就新闻界充其量只是个权宜之计。shack cn.简陋的小屋，棚屋英义A shack is a simple hut built from tin, wood, or other materials.例句They live in shacks which they made out of wood.他们住在用木头搭成的简陋的小屋里。secluded adj.僻静的，隐蔽的英义A secluded place is quiet and private.例句a delightful secluded garden迷人而僻静的花园🔥重点表达清末during the last years of the Qing Dynasty文士雅集literati enjoying a get-together……堆的老高be piled high with…到处，处处here and there 杂乱无比is in a terrible mess磨剪刀的叫唤声the cries of itinerant knife sharpeners汽车喇叭声the blaring of car horn妇女吵嚷声the shouting and screaming of women只有在特殊情况下Exceptionally,家家户户each and every household有…的优势have sth. on one’s side幸运的人们People who have fortune on their side世界的风云the fast changing world总之in short就要出现在…身上、即将发生在…身上in store for sb.日子久了As the years go by经历一场手术undergo an operation偷偷地on the sly对……有好感felt well disposed towards照料某人attend to sb. 处理某事attend to sth. 枉费心机、徒劳无益、白费力气in vain对……心怀崇敬、敬爱……held sb. in high esteem搁在（桌子上等）；放下put down亲自；亲身in person从远处from afar高声at the top of her voice(鸟、昆虫等)飞行中的、飞着的on the wing…让人想到某物 …bring to mind sth.严格来说、更精确地说、倒不如说or rather🔥复盘测试清末文士雅集……堆的老高到处，处处杂乱无比磨剪刀的叫唤声汽车喇叭声妇女吵嚷声只有在特殊情况下家家户户有…的优势幸运的人们世界的风云总之就要出现在…身上、即将发生在…身上日子久了经历一场手术偷偷地对……有好感照料某人处理某事枉费心机、徒劳无益、白费力气对……心怀崇敬、敬爱……搁在（桌子上等）；放下亲自；亲身从远处高声(鸟、昆虫等)飞行中的、飞着的…让人想到某物 严格来说、更精确地说、倒不如说🔥表达对比「一样、同样」有几种表达？她们都（一样的）美！These girls were equally beautiful!我从此（同样）敬爱都穿着白衣服的她们！I’ve since held all white-robed nurses in high esteem.姬猪的大小和兔子（不相上下）。Pygmy hogs are no bigger than rabbits.（同样的）夜晚，漂白了（同样的）树林。The same night whitening the same trees.酒瓶碎片上(同样)也有指痕。A broken bourbon bottle, likewise with fingerprints.
帕布莉卡