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《赠给毕业同学 ——张晓风》 -英语技巧与实例-英汉互译实用教程

2023-01-20 分类：新概念英语第四册 阅读(101) 评论(0)
高处何处有

赠给毕业同学 ——张晓风

For the Mountaintop
—To Students of the Graduating Class ——Zhang Xiaofeng
 
🔥背景知识：《高处何处有》是台湾著名女作家张晓风写的一篇「英雄赞」。文章虽短，但含义深远，耐人寻味。作者用一个小故事，描述这样一件事：面对一个崇高目标，有的人原地不动，徘徊不前，有的人不堪艰险，半途而返，一个真正的英雄却坚持到底，终于登上高峰。他不仅有向上进取的精神，特立独行，还有高瞻远瞩的胸襟，心境开阔，念及茫茫宇宙和「千古英雄」而深感自己很「渺小」
 
🎈题目《高处何处有》未直译为Where to Find the Mountaintop，现按「攀登高峰」之意译为For the Mountaintop。
 
很久很久以前，在一个很远很远的地方，一位老酋长正病危。
Long, long ago, in a very, very faraway place, a tribal chief found himself terminally ill.
🎈部落tribe→酋长tribal chief。
🎈「正病危」译作found himself terminally ill，其中terminally是副词，其形容词形式terminal我们都很熟悉，指「最终的」，此处指「临终、晚期」
例句
a hospice for the terminally ill临终病人安养所
a terminally ill woman一个病入膏肓的女人
乍一看一个单词有十来种释义，其实它的不同释义间多多少少是有联系的，抓住核心意思，算下来也就几种
 
他找来村中最优秀的三个年轻人对他们说：“这是我要离开你们的时候了，我要你们为我做最后一件事。
He summoned three most promising young villagers to his bedside and said, “As I’m leaving you soon, I hope you can do one thing more for me.
🎈「他找来村中最优秀的三个年轻人对他们说……」译为He summoned three most promising young villagers to his bedside and said…，其中把「村中最优秀的三个年轻人」译为three most promising young villagers，比three most promising young men of the village简练。又，to his bedside是译文中的添加词，原文虽无其词而有其意。此句也可译为He called together three most promising young villagers to hear his last words …
🎈「为我做最后一件事」可直译为to do the last thing for me，但the last thing也可理解为「最不愿意干的事」，有歧义，故译to do one thing more for me或to do one more thing for me。其中，one more表示「再一个」
 
你们三个都是身强体壮而又智慧过人的好孩子，现在，请你们尽其可能的去攀登那座我们一向奉为神圣的大山。
Young men, you three are all unusually strong and resourceful, so I’d like you to strive to climb that high mountain which we’ve always been worshipping as a sacred place.
🎈 unusually有两个含义，一是指「异常地」，二是指「出奇地、不寻常地」，本句中取第二种释义。又，「你们是…的孩子」无需字字对应译出「孩子」一词。
🎈「尽其可能的」未译作as much as possible，而是处理为strive to（竭力、尽力做）结构，将含义蕴含其中。
 
你们要尽其可能爬到最高的、最凌越的地方，然后，折回头来告诉我你们的见闻。”
Now do your best to reach the topmost and most forbidding part of it and then turn back to tell me about your findings.”
🎈「最凌越的」意即「最难通过的」「最险恶的」，故译为most forbidding。
🎈「见闻」译成what you have seen and heard不算错，但表意不如findings广泛，整体上也不够简洁。
 
三天后，第一个年轻人回来了，他笑容满面，衣履光鲜：“酋长，我到达山顶了，我看到繁花夹道，流泉淙淙，鸟鸣嘤嘤，那地方真不坏啊。”
Three days later, the first young man returned smartly dressed and said with smiling face, “Lord, I’ve been to the mountaintop where I saw flowers of all sorts lining both sides of a path, babbling spring water and singing birds. That’s a real nice place.”
🎈「酋长」未直译为tribal chief，改用Lord，因过去英语中常用它直接尊称拥有权势者或统治者。
🎈「繁花夹道，流泉淙淙，鸟鸣嘤嘤」译为flowers of all sorts lining both sides of a path, babbling spring water and singing birds，将「夹道」「淙淙」「嘤嘤」均处理为了定语，其中，考虑到lining both sides of a path长度略长，故译为后置定语。
🎈「那地方真不坏啊」译作That’s a real nice place，运用了反话正译的手法。
🎈Three days later
later 与 after 最大的区别应该是：after 可以做连词，引导时间状语从句，而 later 只是个副词。
（1） 时间段 + later：常用于过去，表示「稍后、……之后」
A few minutes later, the boss came in with my bag.
几分钟之后，老板拿着我的包进来了。
later 也可以单独用，表示「从现在开始的以后」
I will tell you later. 我以后会告诉你的。
（2）after+时间点、时间段都可以, 多用于过去
After 2 o’clock, they started to climb.
两点过后，他们开始攀登。
After so many years in the US, he has changed a lot.
在美国生活多年之后，他变了很多。
You mustn’t come home after 10:30.
（3）after 可以引导从句，later 不能。
After she had mixed flour with water, the children came home.
她用水和好面之后，孩子们回来了。
 
老酋长笑笑说：“孩子，那条路我当年也走过，你说的鸟语花香的地方不是山顶，而是山麓。你回去吧。”
The old tribal chief replied smilingly, “Son, I’ve been there before. The place with singing birds and fragrant flowers, as you mentioned, is not the mountaintop. It’s the foot of the mountain. Now you can leave.”
🎈「孩子」可译为young man，今译Son，因英语中年长者常用它称呼男孩或年轻男子。
🎈「山麓」指的是山坡和周围平地相接的部分，即「山脚」，现译为the foot of the mountain。
 
一周以后，第二个年轻人也回来了。他神情疲倦，满脸风霜：
A week later, the second young man also returned. He looked terribly weary and his face was weather-beaten. 
🎈weather-beaten 专指(人的皮肤、或物体)经风吹日晒的，饱经风霜的。
例句
They would look out through the cracks of their weather-beaten door.
他们会透过那扇经受风吹日晒的老木门的缝隙向外张望。
 
“酋长，我到达山顶了。我看到高大肃穆的松树林。我看到秃鹰盘旋，那是一个好地方。”
“Lord, I’ve been to the mountaintop where I saw groves of tall, solemn pine trees and vultures circling in the air. That’s a real nice place.”
🎈「我看到…」其实就是「我（在山顶）看到…」，译文用where引导的定从将原文略显琐碎的句子衔接在了一起。
🎈circling in the air是vultures的后置定语。
 
“可惜呀！孩子，那不是山顶，那是山腰。不过，也难为你了，你回去吧。”
“What a pity!” said the tribal chief. “Son, you’ve been halfway up the mountain rather than to its summit. But you had a real tough time. Now you can leave.”
🎈「那不是山顶，那是山腰」译为you’ve been halfway up the mountain rather than to its summit，其中summit表示「顶端」，我们在说xx领导人峰会时，也用这个词，说xx Summit，又，rather than前后的结构应该一致，即halfway up the mountain对应to its summit，up为介词与介词to对应。
🎈halfway up表示「半途、中途」
例句
He was halfway up the ladder. 
他梯子上到了一半。
The climbers made camp halfway up the peak. 
登山者在半山腰设置营地。
There is the bird, sitting on a twig halfway up the tree. 
鸟儿在那里，栖息在树中段的一根细枝上。
🎈「不过，也真难为你了」可译为But you had a real tough time或But you really had a hard time、But you were really hard put to it等。
 
一个月过去了，大家都开始为第三位年轻人的安危担心，他却一步一蹭，衣不蔽体地回来了。
A month later, everybody began to worry about the safety of the third young man. However, he finally showed up, hobbling along in rags.
🎈如约赶到、出现、露面show up
例句
It was getting late when she finally showed up.
天色已晚，她终于赶到了。
🎈hobbling along in rags作伴随状语。in rags表示「衣衫褴褛、衣服破破烂烂」
 
他发枯唇燥，只剩下清炯的眼神：
His hair was off-coloured and his lips parched, but his eyes were clear and bright.
🎈「发枯」可按「头发变了色」译为His hair was off-coloured。
 
“酋长，我终于到达山顶。但是，我该怎么说呢？那里只有高风悲旋，蓝天四垂。”
“Lord, I succeeded in reaching the summit. Well, what shall I say to you about it? There was nothing there but the wailing highland wind and the blue sky hanging over the land.”
🎈「蓝天四垂」可按「蓝天笼罩大地」译为the blue sky hanging over the land，hanging over the land是sky的后置定语。
 
“你难道在那里一无所见吗？难道连蝴蝶也没有一只吗？”
“So you saw nothing at all? Not even a butterfly?”
🎈否定意义的词+at all：一点也没、丝毫无。
老舍《想北平》
堪司坦丁堡根本没有去过。
I have never visited Constantinople at all。
 
“是的，酋长，高处一无所有。你所能看到的，只有你自己，只有‘个人’被放在天地间的渺小感，只有想起千古英雄的悲激心情。”
“No, lord, nothing. All you can see is yourself. You feel how insignificant you are in this infinite universe and how sorrowful and agitated you are at the thought of heroes through the ages.”
🎈「渺小感」以insignificant一词译出，强调「个人」的「微不足道」
🎈「千古英雄」可按「历代英雄们」译为heroes through the ages或heroes in history。
🎈想到…at the thought of
 
“孩子，你到的是真的山顶。按照我们的传统，无疑要立你做新酋长，祝福你。”
“Son, you’ve reached the real mountaintop. According to our tradition, you’ll undoubtedly be made our new tribal chief. My best wishes to you.”
🎈「无疑要立你做新酋长」可译作you’ll undoubtedly be made our new tribal chief，也可选择补充出主语I。
🎈表示祝福，可以用Best wishes to…。在会议致辞和书信中常见。
例句
Congratulations and best wishes to you on this special day.
在这个特别的日子里，恭喜您，也祝福您。
Best wishes to your young man. Love from your mother.
代我问候那个年轻人。爱你的妈妈。
 
真英雄何所遇？他遇到的是全身的伤痕，是孤单的长途，以及愈来愈真切的渺小感。
What makes a real hero? A real hero has cuts and bruises all over his body, he is all alone on a long journey and he feels with increasing sincerity how small he is.
🎈「真英雄何所遇？」可按「怎样才算是真英雄？」译为What makes a real hero?
🎈 伤痕cuts and bruises
全身、浑身all over his body
🎈「他遇到的是…」按「他+他发出的动作」结构译成了三个并列句，将「到达山顶」的遭遇按顺序列出，清晰明了。
🎈表示比较级含义，除去「比较级结构」，还可以考虑increasing、declining等词。
 
🔥必背词汇
faraway       adj.远的，遥远的，远方的
英义
A faraway place is a long distance from you or from a particular place.
例句
They have just returned from faraway places with wonderful stories to tell.
他们刚从遥远的地方回来，有很多精彩的故事要讲。
 
tribal       adj.部落的，部族的
英义
Tribal is used to describe things relating to or belonging to tribes and the way that they are organized.
例句
They would go back to their tribal lands.
他们会回到自己部族的地盘上。
 
terminal      adj.(疾病)致命的，不治的，晚期的
英义
A terminal illness or disease causes death, often slowly, and cannot be cured.
例句
The patient is terminally ill.
那个病人患了不治之症。
 
summon     v.召唤，传唤，召见
英义
If you summon someone, you order them to come to you.
例句
Howe summoned a doctor and hurried over.
豪叫了医生，然后匆忙赶了过来。
 
bedside        n.某人的病床边
英义
If you talk about being at someone’s bedside, you are talking about being near them when they are ill in bed.
例句
She was called to her brother’s bedside.
她被叫到了哥哥的病榻前。
resourceful       adj.足智多谋的，机智的，办法多的
英义
Someone who is resourceful is good at finding ways of dealing with problems.
例句
He was amazingly inventive and resourceful, and played a major role in my career.
他极具创造力，而且足智多谋，在我的职业生涯中起到了重要的作用。
 
🔥重点表达
老酋长a tribal chief
村中最优秀的三个年轻人three most promising young villagers
我看到繁花夹道，流泉淙淙，鸟鸣嘤嘤I saw flowers of all sorts lining both sides of a path, babbling spring water and singing birds.
山顶mountaintop
山麓the foot of the mountain
神情疲倦(He) looked terribly weary
满脸风霜his face was weather-beaten
秃鹰盘旋vultures circling in the air
如约赶到、出现、露面show up
衣衫褴褛in rags
蓝天四垂the blue sky hanging over the land
千古英雄heroes through the ages或heroes in history
想到…at the thought of
真英雄何所遇？What makes a real hero?
 
🔥复盘测试
老酋长
村中最优秀的三个年轻人
我看到繁花夹道，流泉淙淙，鸟鸣嘤嘤
山顶
山麓
神情疲倦
满脸风霜
秃鹰盘旋
如约赶到、出现、露面
衣衫褴褛
蓝天四垂
千古英雄
想到…
真英雄何所遇？
 
🔥表达对比
「尽其可能地、竭力」有几种表达？
 
你们三个都是身强体壮而又智慧过人的好孩子，现在，请你们（尽其可能的）去攀登那座我们一向奉为神圣的大山。
Young men, you three are all unusually strong and resourceful, so I’d like you to strive to climb that high mountain which we’ve always been worshipping as a sacred place.
 
你们要（尽其可能）爬到最高的、最凌越的地方，然后，折回头来告诉我你们的见闻。”
Now do your best to reach the topmost and most forbidding part of it and then turn back to tell me about your findings.”
 
他（竭力）想在游戏中获胜。
He exerted himself to win the game.
 
但是共和党人（一直在竭力）解决这个问题。
But Republicans have really been struggling with this.
 
这是为了（竭力）阻止病毒的传播…
A drastic effort to contain the spreading and deadly coronavirus…
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