帕布莉卡《大雅·生民》是中国古代第一部诗歌总集《诗经》中的一首诗，是周代的史诗之一。此诗追述周民族始祖后稷的事迹，主要记叙他出生的神奇和他在农业种植方面的特殊才能，所写的内容既有历史的成分也有一些神话的因素。全诗八章，四章每章十句，四章每章八句，内容连贯，结构严谨，纯用赋法，不假比兴，叙述生动，纪实性强。
生民[1]
厥初生民，
时维姜嫄。
生民如何？
克禋克祀[2]，
以弗[3]无子。
履帝武[4]敏[5]歆。
攸介攸止。
载震[6]载夙，
载生载育，
时维后稷。
诞弥厥月，
先生如达[7]。
不坼[8]不副[9]，
无菑[10]无害，
以赫[11]厥灵。
上帝不宁，
不康禋祀，
居然生子。
诞寘之隘巷，
牛羊腓[12]字之；
诞寘之平林，
会[13]伐平林；
诞寘之寒冰，
鸟覆翼之。
鸟乃去矣，
后稷呱矣。
实覃[14]实[15]，
厥声载路。
诞实匍匐，
克岐[16]克嶷[17]，
以就口食。
蓺[18]之荏菽[19]，
荏菽旆旆[20]。
禾役穟穟[21]。
麻麦幪幪[22]，
瓜瓞唪唪[23]。
诞后稷之穑，
有相之道，
茀[24]厥丰草，
种之黄茂。
实方[25]实苞，
实种实褎[26]，
实发实秀[27]，
实坚实好，
实颖实栗，
即有邰家室。
诞降嘉种：
维秬维秠，
维穈维芑。
恒之秬[28]秠[29]，
是获是亩；
恒之穈[30]芑[31]，
是任是负；
以归肇祀。
诞我祀如何？
或舂或揄[32]，
或簸或蹂[33]，
释[34]之叟叟，
烝之浮浮。
载谋载惟，
取萧祭脂，
取羝[35]以[36]，
载燔载烈，
以兴嗣岁[37]。
卬[38]盛于豆[39]，
于豆于登[40]。
其香始升，
上帝居歆[41]，
胡臭[42]亶时？
后稷肇祀，
庶无罪悔，
以迄于今。
初始生下第一人，
姜嫄就是那母亲。
周人怎样降生的？
能祭天来能祭祀，
这样怎能无儿子。
喜踩上帝脚指印，
就在那里停休息。
母亲怀孕不大意，
后来生养一孩子，
孩子就是那后稷。
姜嫄怀足整十月，
头生顺利如羊胎。
胎衣不破也不裂，
无灾无害真平安，
这些事情多奇怪。
莫非上帝不愉快，
我的祭祀他不爱，
教我有儿不敢养。
把他扔在胡同里，
牛羊一起来喂乳；
把他扔在树林里，
恰好有人来砍树；
把他扔在寒冰上，
鸟儿展翅暖着他。
鸟儿远去飞走了，
后稷哇哇大哭了。
哭声又长又响亮，
大路之上能听见。
后稷已经会爬了，
显得有知又有识，
能把食物放到嘴。
他去种植那大豆，
大豆棵棵长得好。
满田稻谷穗穗美。
麻和麦子盖田野，
大瓜小瓜都成堆。
后稷种植那庄稼，
有他用的好方法，
先把茂盛乱草除，
后把好种来种下。
苗儿整齐又旺盛，
长得粗壮又高大，
慢慢抽出穗子来，
坚挺结实人人夸，
无数谷穗沉甸甸，
后稷到邰成了家。
天降好种真神奇：
两种黑黍秬与秠，
又有赤米和白米。
遍种黑黍和麦子，
收割按亩来算计；
穈和苞也是种满地，
抱起背起送家里；
回家开始把神祭。
要问祭神怎么样？
舂米舀米人人忙，
再次舂米簸糠皮，
淘起米来响叟叟，
蒸起米来气腾腾。
然后商量好主意，
采些香蒿和油脂，
用公羊来祭路神，
先烧熟来再去烤，
祈求明年丰产好。
祭品盛在木碗里，
木碗瓦登都盛些。
香气开始升上天，
上帝安然来受歆，
香气真正合时宜？
自从后稷创祭礼，
无灾无难真安定，
从那直到今日里。
注释：
[1] 民：人，指周人。
[2] 禋（yīn）、祀：一种祭天的典祀，一说是郊外祭神求子。
[3] 弗：通“祓”，除不祥。祓无子就是除去无子的不祥，求有子。
[4] 帝武：上帝的脚印。
[5] 敏：脚拇指。
[6] 震：通“娠”，就是怀孕。
[7] 达：羊胎。
[8] 坼：胞衣分裂。
[9] 副（pì）：胎盘分离。
[10] 菑（zāi）：同“灾”。
[11] 赫：显耀。
[12] 腓（féi）：庇护，隐蔽。
[13] 会：适逢。
[14] 覃（tán）：长。
[15] （xū）：大。
[16] 岐：知意。
[17] 嶷：认识。
[18] 蓺（yì）：种植。
[19] 荏菽：大豆。
[20] 旆旆（pèi pèi）：茂盛的样子。
[21] 穟穟：美好。
[22] 幪幪（měng měng）：茂盛覆地的样子。
[23] 唪唪（běng běng）：果实累累的样子。
[24] 茀（fú）：拔除。
[25] 方：整齐。
[26] 褎（yòu）：禾苗渐长的样子。
[27] 秀：出穗扬花。
[28] 秬：黑黍。
[29] 秠：麦子。
[30] 穈（mén）：赤苗，红米。
[31] 芑（qǐ）：白苗，白米。
[32] 揄（yóu）：舀出，取出。
[33] 蹂：通“揉”，搓米。
[34] 释：淘米。
[35] 羝：公羊。
[36] ：祭祀路神。
[37] 嗣岁：来年。
[38] 卬：我。
[39] 豆：木制盛肉的食具。
[40] 登：瓦制的食具。
[41] 歆：享。
[42] 臭：香气。
Hou Ji, the Lord of Corn[1]
Who gave birth to the Lord of Corn?
By Lady Jiang Yuan he was born.
How gave she birth to her son nice?
She went afield for sacrifice.
Childless, she prayed for a son, so
She trod on the print of God’s toe.
She stood there long and took a rest,
And she was magnified and blessed.
Then she conceived, then she gave birth,
It was the Lord of Corn on earth.
When her carrying time was done,
Like a lamb slipped down her first son.
Of labor she sufered no pain;
She was not hurt, nor did she strain.
How could his birth so wonderful be?
Was it against Heaven’s decree?
Was God displeased with her sacrifice.
To give a virgin a son nice?
The son abandoned in a lane
Was milked by the cow or sheep.
Abandoned in a wooded plain,
He’s fed by men in forest deep.
Abandoned on the coldest ice,
He was warmed by birds with their wings.
When flew away those birds so nice,
The cry was heard of the nursling’s.
He cried and wailed so long and loud
The road with his voice was o’erflowed.
He was able to crawl aground
And then rose to his feet.
When he sought food around,
He learned to plant large beans and wheat.
The beans he planted grew tall;
His millet grew in rows;
His gourds teemed large and small;
His hemp grew thick and close.
The Lord of Corn knew well the way
To help the growing of the grain.
He cleared the grasses rank away
And sowed with yellow seed the plain.
The new buds began to appear;
They sprang up, grew under the feet.
They flowered and came into ear;
They drooped down, each grain complete.
They became so good and so strong,
Our Lord would live at Tai for long.
Heaven gave them the lucky grains
Of double-kernelled millet black
And red and white ones on the plains,
Black millet reaped was piled in stack
Or carried back on shoulders bare.
Red and white millet growing nice
And reaped far and wide, here and there,
Was brought home for the sacrifice.
What is our sacrifice?
We hull and ladle rice,
We sift and tread the grain,
Swill and scour it again.
It’s steamed and then distilled;
We see the rites fulfilled.
We ofer fat with southern wood
And a skinned ram as food.
Flesh roast or broiled with cheer
Brings good harvest next year.
We load the stands with food,
The stands of earthernware or wood.
God smells its fragrance rise;
He’s well pleased in the skies.
What smell is this, so nice?
It’s Lord of Corn’s sacrifice.
This is a winning way;
It’s come down to this day.
[1] This epic ode was sung in praise of Hou Ji, the Lord of Corn, legendary founder of the House of Zhou.
