陇头吟
长安少年游侠客,
夜上戍楼看太白。
陇头明月迥临关,
陇上行人[1]夜吹笛。
关西老将不胜愁,
驻马听之双泪流。
身经大小百余战,
麾下偏裨[2]万户侯。
苏武才为典属国,
节旄[3]落尽海西头。
这是王维用乐府旧题写的一首著名边塞诗,题目一作“边情”。“陇头吟”即“陇头”,汉代乐府曲辞名,属横吹曲辞,李延年造。陇头,指陇山一带,大致在今陕西陇县到甘肃平凉一带。本诗写到“长安少年”“陇上行人”“关西老将”这三个人物,其中关西老将又引苏武与之类比,表面似乎是安慰关西老将,实际上恰恰说明了关西老将的遭遇不是偶然的。功大赏小,功小赏大,朝廷不公,古来如此,从而深化了诗的主题。而今日的长安少年,安知不是明日的陇上行人,后日的关西老将?而今日的关西老将,又安知不是昨日的陇上行人,前日的长安少年?诗的主旨是发人深省的。
注释:
[1]行人:出征的人。
[2]偏裨(pí):偏将,裨将。将佐的通称。
[3]节旄(máo):旌节上所缀的牦牛尾饰物。
A Frontier Song
A hero of the capital comes from afar,
He mounts the tower to watch the evening star.
The moon shines bright on city walls of the frontier;
The wayfarer at night plays his flute sad and drear.
A sorrow-laden general stops his steed and hears,
But how could he stop his two flowing streams of tears!
He’s hardened by hundreds of battles far and nigh;
Officers under him are promoted to posts high.
He’s still in charge of the border’s petty affairs,
Like an old shepherd by the seaside no one cares.