《大雅·灵台》是中国古代第一部诗歌总集《诗经》中的一首诗。这是记述周文王游乐生活的诗,是中国最早的表现园囿之美的诗歌。此诗共二十句,可分为四章,第一、二两章每章六句,第三、四两章每章四句。首章说文王修建灵台,由于百姓拥护,很快就建成了;次章写文王在灵囿、灵沼的游观之乐;第三、四章写文王在离宫有钟鼓之乐,一片盛世景象。全诗文气连贯紧凑,气氛热烈,语言简洁生动,充满活力。
灵台
经始[1]灵台,
经之营之。
庶民攻[2]之,
不日成之。
经始勿亟[3],
庶民子来。
王在灵囿,
麀鹿[4]攸伏。
麀鹿濯濯[5],
白鸟翯翯[6]。
王在灵沼,
于牣[7]鱼跃。
虡[8]业维枞[9],
贲[10]鼓维镛[11]。
于论[12]鼓钟,
于乐辟雍[13]。
于论鼓钟,
于乐辟雍。
鼍[14]鼓逢逢,
矇瞍[15]奏公。
开始设计造灵台,
认真设计巧安排。
百姓一起来动手,
不用几天就落成。
工程本来不急迫,
百姓踊跃完成它。
周王游览灵园中,
母鹿悠闲伏草丛。
母鹿体壮毛色润,
白鹳肥大羽毛鲜。
周王来到灵沼上,
满池鱼儿跳动欢。
木柱横板崇牙耸,
悬挂大鼓和大钟。
鼓钟美妙多和谐,
君王享乐在离宫。
鼓钟美妙多和谐,
君王享乐在离宫。
鳄皮大鼓响咚咚,
乐师奏乐祝成功。
注释:
[1] 经始:创建。
[2] 攻:修建,制作。
[3] 亟:急。
[4] 麀(yōu)鹿:母鹿。
[5] 濯濯:肥大貌的样子。
[6] 翯翯(hè hè):洁白的样子。
[7] 牣(rèn):满。
[8] 虡(jù):木架以挂钟鼓。
[9] 枞(cōng):钟、磬的崇牙。
[10] 贲:大鼓。
[11] 镛(yōng):大钟。
[12] 论:和谐。
[13] 辟雍:离宫。
[14] 鼍(tuó):鳄鱼名。
[15] 矇瞍(méng sǒu):瞎眼的乐师。
The Wondrous Park[1]
When the tower began
To be built, every man
Took part as if up-heated,
The work was soon completed.
“No hurry,” said the king,
But they worked as his ofspring.
In Wondrous Park the king
Saw the deer in the ring
Lie at his left and right;
How sweet sang the birds white.
The king by Wondrous Pond
Saw fishes leap and bound.
In water-girded hall
Beams were long and posts tall.
Drums would beat and bells ring
To amuse our great king.
Drums would beat and bells ring
To amuseour great king.
The lezard-skin drums beat;
Blind musicians sang sweet.
[1] This ode showed the joy of the people in the growing opulence of King Wen who moved his capital to Feng after the overthrow of the State of Chong in 1135 B. C., only one year before his death.