帕布莉卡《鲁颂·閟宫》是中国古代第一部诗歌总集《诗经》中最长的一首诗。此诗以鲁僖公作閟宫为素材，广泛歌颂僖公的文治武功，表达诗人希望鲁国恢复其在周初时尊长地位的强烈愿望。全诗九章（另有八章或十章之说），共一百二十句。首章追叙周的始祖姜嫄和后稷；次章叙周的兴起由于周太王、周文王、周武王；三章叙伯禽受封为鲁公及僖公祭祀祖先；四章叙僖公的祭祀并祝其昌大；五、六两章夸他的战绩并祝其长寿；七章夸他的土地广大；八章颂他能恢复旧土，家齐国治；末章叙僖公作新庙、奚斯作颂。全诗着重从祭祀和武事两方面反映出鲁国光复旧业的成就，而首章末章又统一在鲁僖公新修的閟宫上，前后呼应，结构完整。
閟宫[1]
官有侐[2]，
实实[3]枚枚。
赫赫姜嫄，
其德不回[4]。
上帝是依[5]，
无灾无害。
弥月不迟，
是生后稷，
降之百福，
黍稷重穋，
稙[6]穉[7]菽麦。
奄[8]有下国，
俾民稼穑。
有稷有黍，
有稻有秬[9]。
奄有下土，
缵[10]禹之绪。
后稷之孙，
实维大[11]王。
居岐之阳，
实始翦[12]商。
至于文武，
缵大王之绪。
致天之届，
于牧之野。
“无贰无虞[13]，
上帝临女！”
敦[14]商之旅，
克咸厥功。
王曰叔父[15]，
建尔元子[16]，
俾侯于鲁。
大启尔宇[17]，
为周室辅。
乃命鲁公，
俾侯于东，
锡之山川，
土田附庸[18]。
周公之孙，
庄公之子[19]，
龙旂[20]承祀，
六辔耳耳[21]，
春秋匪解，
享祀不忒。
皇皇后帝，
皇祖后稷，
享以骍牺，
是飨是宜[22]，
降福既多。
周公皇祖，
亦其福女。
秋而载尝[23]，
夏而楅衡，
白牡骍刚。
牺尊[24]将将，
毛炰[25]胾羹[26]，
笾豆大房[27]。
万舞[28]洋洋，
孝孙[29]有庆。
俾尔炽而昌，
俾尔寿而臧。
保彼东方，
鲁邦是常。
不亏不崩，
不震不腾。
三寿[30]作朋，
如冈如陵。
公车千乘，
朱英绿滕[31]，
二矛重弓。
公徒三万，
贝胄[32]朱绶，
烝徒增增[33]。
戎狄是膺[34]，
荆舒是惩，
则莫我敢承[35]。
俾尔昌而炽，
俾尔寿而富。
黄发台背[36]，
寿胥与试。
俾尔昌而大，
俾尔耆而艾[37]。
万有千岁，
眉寿[38]无有害。
泰山岩岩[39]，
鲁邦所詹。
奄有龟蒙，
遂荒大东。
至于海邦，
淮夷来同[40]。
莫不率从，
鲁侯之功。
保有凫[41]绎，
遂荒徐宅。
至于海邦，
淮夷蛮貊[42]。
及彼南夷，
莫不率从。
莫敢不诺[43]，
鲁侯是若。
天锡公纯嘏[44]，
眉寿保鲁。
居常与许[45]，
复周公之宇。
鲁侯燕喜，
令妻寿母。
宜大夫庶士，
邦国是有[46]。
既多受祉，
黄发儿[47]齿。
徂徕[48]之松，
新甫[49]之柏，
是断是度[50]，
是寻是尺。
松桷[51]有舄[52]，
路寝[53]孔硕，
新庙奕奕[54]。
奚斯[55]所作，
孔曼且硕，
万民是若。
姜嫄之庙多静寂，
又高又大人迹稀。
姜嫄光明又伟大，
品德端正无邪瑕。
上帝凭依在她身，
无灾无害有妊娠。
怀孕十月不延迟，
生下儿子是后稷。
上天赐予百种福，
黍稷成熟有早晚，
豆麦先后播下土。
后稷拥有全天下，
教会人民种庄稼。
既有高粱和黍子，
还有香稻和黑黍。
四海之内都归顺，
大禹事业得承继。
说起后稷子孙旺，
古公亶父谥太王。
住在岐山向阳地，
开始准备灭殷商。
传到文王和武王，
太王事业更发扬。
替天行道伐殷纣，
牧野一战殷商亡。
“莫怀二心莫欺诳，
人人头顶有上苍！”
集合殷商之俘获，
成就大业世无双。
成王开口叫叔父，
封你长子为侯王，
使他为王在鲁邦。
大大开拓你土疆，
辅卫周室做屏障。
成王下令给鲁公，
建立侯国在东方。
赐他山川与土地，
还有小国做附庸。
周公远孙鲁僖公，
庄公之子是英雄。
打着龙旗来祭祀，
六条缰绳把马控。
四时祭祀不懈怠，
玉帛牺牲按时供。
光明伟大的上帝，
还有后稷老祖宗。
献上牺牲黄色牛，
神灵享受兴味浓，
降下洪福千万种。
伟大先祖周公旦，
也将赐你福无穷。
秋天尝祭庆丰收，
夏天设栏先养牛，
公牛有白也有黄。
漂亮酒樽装美酒，
生烤乳猪肉片汤，
大盘小碗都装满。
场面盛大百舞跳，
保佑子孙享清福。
使你兴旺又昌盛，
使你长寿且吉祥。
愿你能安定东方，
守卫鲁国国运长。
江山永固不崩溃，
如水长流不震荡。
寿比三老百年长，
稳如丘陵和山岗。
鲁公兵车有千辆，
红缨长矛绳缠弓，
弓矛一时都具备。
鲁公步卒有三万，
红线缀贝饰盔上，
大军人多势力强。
痛击北狄和西戎，
荆舒两国受严惩，
谁人还敢反抗我。
使你兴旺又繁荣，
使你长寿又年丰。
老人驼背头发黄，
寿高还把重任扛。
使你昌盛又强大，
使你年高又寿长。
千年万岁寿无疆，
长命百岁无灾殃。
泰山高峻多险峰，
鲁国对它最推崇。
龟山蒙山都属鲁，
边境一直伸到东。
还有海滨各属国，
淮夷带头来朝贡。
无人胆敢不服从，
功劳应归鲁僖公。
保有凫山和绎山，
徐国也在控制中。
沿海小国都归附，
淮夷蛮貊都俯首。
还有荆楚南夷国，
没有谁人不服从。
无人胆敢不听话，
顺从鲁侯态度恭。
天赐鲁公大吉祥，
高寿长命保鲁地。
收回常许两边邑，
恢复周公之疆土。
鲁侯宴饮多欢喜，
贤妻良母受称颂。
大夫诸臣都和睦，
国家始终能兴旺。
既受天赐多福祉，
返老还童长新齿。
徂徠山上长松树，
新甫山上柏树长。
砍下树木又劈开，
用寻用尺细丈量。
松木椽子直又大，
建成宫殿多气派，
新修宗庙真漂亮。
奚斯作成诗一首，
长篇巨制有文采，
人人赞扬好诗才。
注释：
[1] 閟（bì）：神。閟宫，神庙，指供奉后稷的母亲姜嫄的庙。
[2] 侐：清静的样子。
[3] 实：广大的样子。
[4] 回：邪。
[5] 依：凭依。
[6] 稙：早种的谷物。
[7] 穉（zhì）：晚种的谷物。
[8] 奄：包括。
[9] 秬：黑黍。
[10] 缵：继承。
[11] 大（tài）王：文王的祖父古公亶父。
[12] 翦：消灭。
[13] 虞：欺骗。
[14] 敦：聚集。
[15] 叔父：指周公。
[16] 元子：长子，指周公的长子伯禽。
[17] 宇：居，引申为领土。
[18] 附庸：小国。
[19] 庄公之子：指鲁僖公。
[20] 龙旂：画着交龙的旗帜。
[21] 耳耳：华丽的样子。
[22] 是飨是宜：指两种祭名。
[23] 尝：秋祭名。
[24] 牺尊：形状像卧牛的酒杯。
[25] 毛炰：去毛的小烤猪。
[26] 胾（zì）羹：肉片汤。
[27] 大房：一种盛大块肉的食器，形如高足盘。
[28] 万舞：一种舞蹈的名称。
[29] 孝孙：祭祀的孙子，指僖公。
[30] 三寿：指上寿、中寿、下寿。
[31] 縢：缠在弓上的丝绳。
[32] 贝胄：贝壳做的头盔。
[33] 增增：形容兵士蜂拥前进的样子。
[34] 膺：击。
[35] 承：抵挡。
[36] 黄发台背：都是老人的象征。
[37] 耆、艾：都是长寿的意思。
[38] 眉寿：长寿的特征。
[39] 岩岩：高峻的样子。
[40] 来同：来朝。
[41] 凫：凫山，在今山东邹县西南。
[42] 蛮貊：东南方的异族。
[43] 诺：答应，顺从。
[44] 纯嘏：大福。
[45] 常、许，地名。
[46] 有：保有。
[47] 儿（ní）：“齯”的假借词。
[48] 徂徠：山名，在今山东泰安县东南。
[49] 新甫：山名，也叫梁山，在泰山旁。
[50] 度：“剫”的假借词，劈开。
[51] 桷：方木椽。
[52] 舄（xì）：粗大的样子。
[53] 路寝：古代帝王处理政事的宫室。
[54] 奕奕：同“绎绎”，相连的样子。
[55] 奚斯：鲁大夫公子鱼。
Hymn to Marquis of Lu[1]
Solemn the temples stand,
Well-built, well-furnished, grand.
There we find Jiang Yuuan’s shrine:
Her virtue was divine.
On God she did depend
And safely by the end
Of her ten months was born
Hou Ji, our Lord of Grain or Corn.
Blessed by Heaven, he knew
When sowing time was due
For wheat and millet early or late.
Invested with a state,
He taught people to sow
The millet and to grow
The sorghum and the rice.
All over the country nice
He followed Yu of xia’s advice.
The grandson of Hou Ji
King Tai came to install
Himself south of Mount Qi,
Nearer to Shang capital.
Then came Kings Wen and Wu;
They both followed King Tai.
King Wu beat Shang in Mu,
Decreed by Heaven high.
“You should have nor fear nor doubt
For great God is with you.
You’ll wipe Shang forces out,
With victory in view.”
King Cheng said to his uncle great,
“I will set up your eldest son
As Marquis of Lu State
And enlarge the land you have won
To protect the Zhou State.”
The Duke of Lu was made
Marquis in the east obeyed,
And given land to cultivate,
Hills, rivers and attached state.
He was Duke of Zhou’s grandson
And Duke Zhuang’s eldest son.
With dragon banners at command,
He came six reins in hand.
He made his ofering
In autumn as in spring
To God in Heaven great
And Hou Ji of Zhou State.
He ofered victims nice
For the great sacrifice
And received blessings twice
From his ancestors dear;
Even the Duke of Zhou did appear.
In summer came the rite;
In autumn horns were capped of bull.
There were bul’ls red and white,
Bull-figured goblets full,
Roast pig, soup and minced meat,
And dishes of bamboo and wood,
And dancers all-complete.
Blessed be ye grandsons good!
May you live in prosperity
And protect the eastern land!
May you have longevity
And may the land of Lu long stand!
Unwaning moon, unsunken sun,
Nor flood nor earthquake far and nigh.
In long life you are second to none,
And firm as mountain high.
A thousand war chariots were seen;
Each had two spears with tassels red
And two bows bound by bands green.
Thirty thousand men the duke led
In shell-adorned helmets were dressed.
They marched in numbers great
To quell the tribes of north and west
And punish southern state.
None of them could stand your attack.
May you enjoy prosperity!
With hoary hair and wrinkled back,
May you enjoy longevity!
Age will give you advice.
May you live great and prosperous
To a thousand years old or twice!
May you live long and vigorous
As eyebrows long unharmed by vice!
Lofty is Mountain Tai
Looked up to from Lu State.
Mounts Gui and Meng stand nigh
And eastward undulate
As far as eastern sea.
Huai tribes make no ado
But go down on their knee
Before the Marquis Lu.
We have Mounts Fu and Yi
And till at Xu’the ground
Which extends to the sea
Where barbarians are found.
No southern tribe dare disobey
The Marquis of Lu’s command;
None but would homage pay
To the Marquis of Lu grand.
Heaven gives Marquis blessings great
And a long life to rule over Lu.
He shall restore Duke of Zhou’s State
And dwell at Chang and Xu.
The Marquis feasted his ministers
With his fair wife and mother old
And other officers
For the state he shall hold.
He shall be blessed with golden hairs
And juvenile teeth like his heir’s.
The hillside cypress and pine
Are cut down from the root;
Some as long as eight feet or nine,
Others as short as one foot.
They are used to build temples new
With inner chambers large and long.
Behold! The temples stand in view.
It is Xi Si who makes this song
Which reads so pleasant to the ear
That people witt greet him with cheer.
[1] This was the longest epic ode or hymn in praise of Marquis or Duke Xi of Lu, celebrating his magnificent career of success. It was was written by Xi Si on an occasion when the Marquis had repaired on a large scale the temple of the State of Lu.
