《鲁颂·泮水》 -《诗经》英译-《诗经》中英双语赏析

《鲁颂·泮水》是中国古代第一部诗歌总集《诗经》中的一首诗。这是歌颂鲁僖公平定淮夷之武功的长篇叙事诗,赞美他能继承祖先事业,平服淮夷,成其武功。全诗八章,每章八句。前三章,不厌其繁地描述鲁侯出席献俘仪式的盛况;四五两章,歌颂鲁侯之德,其实重在武功;六七两章,赞扬鲁侯麾下文武用命高风亮节;最后一章,叙写高兴地看到淮夷臣服献纳。此诗有些言过其实,有夸张溢美之嫌,但气魄宏大,脉络清晰,描写细微,有较强的抒情意味。

泮水[1]

思乐泮水,

薄采其芹[2]。

鲁侯戾止[3],

言观其旗。

其旂筏筏[4],

鸾声哕哕。

无小无大,

从公于[5]迈。

思乐泮水,

薄采其藻。

鲁侯戾止,

其马[6]。

其马,

其音昭昭[7]。

载色[8]载笑,

匪怒伊教。

思乐泮水,

薄采其茆[9]。

鲁侯戾止,

在泮饮酒。

既饮旨酒,

永锡难老[10]。

顺彼长道[11],

屈此群丑。

穆穆鲁侯,

敬明其德。

敬慎威仪,

维民之则。

允文允武,

昭假[12]烈祖。

靡有不孝,

自求伊祐。

明明鲁侯,

克明其德。

既作泮宫,

淮夷攸服。

矫矫[13]虎臣,

在泮献馘[14]。

淑问[15]如皋陶,

在泮献囚。

济济多士,

克广德心。

桓桓[16]于征,

狄彼东南。

烝烝皇皇[17],

不吴不扬。

不告于讻[18],

在泮献功。

角弓其觩[19],

束矢其搜。

戎车孔博[20],

徒御无。

既克淮夷,

孔淑不逆。

式固尔犹[21],

淮夷卒获。

翩彼飞鸮[22],

集于泮林。

食我桑黮[23],

怀我好音。

憬[24]彼淮夷,

来献其琛。

元龟象齿,

大赂[25]南金。

泮水之滨喜洋洋,

人在水中采水芹。

鲁侯大驾将光临,

只见大旗龙纹影。

车上旌旗随风展,

铃儿叮当响不停。

百官无论大与小,

跟随鲁侯向前行。

游乐泮水乐陶陶,

人在水中采水草。

鲁侯大驾已来到,

马儿强健四蹄骄。

马儿强健四蹄骄,

随行人儿多热闹。

鲁侯和颜又悦色,

从不发怒耐心教。

游乐泮水乐悠悠,

采摘莼菜忙不休。

鲁侯大驾已来到,

泮水岸边摆美酒。

美酒已经举杯饮,

祝君长寿年岁久。

顺着大道向前走,

政府叛贼不用愁。

鲁公端庄又威严,

恭敬勤勉振朝纲。

注意威仪有礼貌,

真是人民好榜样。

又能文来又能武,

英明能及诸先王。

遵循祖训无不孝,

自求福佑保吉祥。

鲁公勤勉又努力,

能修品德讲法度。

已把泮宫建设好,

淮夷人民都归顺。

将帅英勇如猛虎,

献敌左耳泮水旁。

审讯得法似皋陶,

泮宫献上阶下囚。

百官济济人才多,

鲁侯善心得传扬。

三军威武去出征,

平定东南去祸殃。

声势盛大军容壮,

肃静无哗列队过。

宽待俘虏不穷究,

泮宫献功赐玉帛。

角弓弯弯硬又强,

众箭齐发嗖嗖响。

战车坚固千百辆,

战士英勇斗志昂。

淮夷已经被征服,

俯首听命不违抗。

坚决执行好计谋,

淮夷终于得扫荡。

翩翩飞翔猫头鹰,

落在泮水岸边林。

吃了我的紫桑葚,

为我歌唱有佳音。

如今淮夷有觉悟,

献来珍宝表中心。

既有大龟和象牙,

还有南方珍贵金。

注释:

[1] 泮水:水名。

[2] 芹:水芹菜。

[3] 戾止:到达。

[4] 茷茷(pèi pèi):旗帜飘扬的样子。

[5] 于:往,迈,行。

[6] :马强壮的样子。

[7] 昭昭:响亮。

[8] 色:和颜悦色。

[9] 茆:江南的莼菜。

[10] 老:长寿的意思。

[11] 长道:远路。

[12] 昭假:诚心祭告。

[13] 矫矫:勇武的样子。

[14] 馘(guó):割下敌人的左耳以记功。

[15] 淑问:善于审问。

[16] 桓桓:威武的样子。

[17] 烝烝皇皇:形容一种盛况。

[18] 讻(xiōng):争辩。

[19] 觩:弓弯曲强硬的样子。

[20] 博:多。

[21] 犹:通“猷”,计谋。

[22] 鸮:猫头鹰。

[23] 黮(shèn):通“葚”,桑葚。

[24] 憬:觉悟。

[25] 赂:赠送财物。

The Poolside Hall[1]

Pleasant is the pool half-round

Where plants of cress abound.

The Marguis of Lu comes nigh;

His dragon banners fly,

His flags wave on the wing

And his carriage bells ring.

Officers old and young

Follow him all along.

Pleasant is the pool half-round

Where water-weeds abound.

The Marquis of Lu comes near;

His horses grand appear.

His horses appear strong;

His carriage bells ring long.

With smiles and with looks bland,

He will instruct and command.

Pleasant is the pool half-round

Where mallow plants abound.

The Marquis pays a call

And drinks wine in the hall.

After wine, it is foretold,

“You will never grow old.

If along the way you go,

You will overcome the foe.”

The Marquis’ virtue high

Is well-known far and nigh.

His manner dignified,

He is ever people’s guide.

He is bright as well as brave,

Worthy son of ancestors grave.

He is full of filial love

And seeks blessings from above.

The Marquis of Lu bright

Sheds his virtuous light.

He has built the poolside hall;

Huai tribes pay him homage all.

His tiger-like compeers

Presents the foe’s left ears.

His judges wisdom show;

They bring the captive foe.

His officers aligned

With their forces combined

Drove in martial array

Southeastern tribes away.

They came on backward way

Without noise or display.

At poolside hall they show

What they have done with the foe.

They notch their arrows long

On bows with bone made strong.

Their chariots show no fears,

With tireless charioteers.

The tribes of Huai they quell

Dare no longer rebel.

As the Marquis would have it,

The tribes, of Huai Submit.

The owls flying at ease

Settle on poolslde trees.

They eat our mulberries

And sing sweet melodies.

The chief of Huai tribes brings

All rare and precious things:

Ivory tusks, tortoise old,

Southern metals and gold.

[1] This was an ode in praise of Marquis or Duke Xi of Lu, celebrating his interest in the state college built by the poolside and his exaggerated triumph over the tribes of the Huai, cele brated in the poolside hall.

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