《商颂·玄鸟》是中国古代第一部诗歌总集《诗经》中的一首诗。此诗是宋国君民祭祀商代祖先殷高宗武丁的颂歌。全诗一章,共二十二句,通篇写商的“受天命”治国,写得渊源古老,神性庄严,感情纯真,气势雄壮。
玄鸟[1]
天命玄鸟,
降而生商[2],
宅殷土芒芒[3]。
古帝命武汤,
正[4]域彼四方[5]。
方命厥后,
奄有九有。
商之先后[6],
受命不殆,
在武丁孙子。
武丁孙子,
武王靡不胜[7]。
龙旂十乘,
大糦是承。
邦畿[8]千里,
维民所止,
肇域彼四海。
四海来假,
来假祁祁[9]。
景[10]员维河,
殷受命咸宜,
百禄是何[11]。
上天命令神燕降,
生育契后才有商,
住居殷地多宽广。
当时上帝命成汤,
治理天下管四方。
号令天下众诸侯,
九州全部为商疆。
商之先王受天命,
国运长久无祸殃,
武丁子孙有福祥。
后裔武丁多贤良,
成汤事业他承当。
十辆大车插龙旗,
满载黍稷供享祭。
幅员辽阔上千里,
人民安居好地方,
四海之内都来投。
四方夷狄也来降,
来朝人多纷且忙。
景山四周绕黄河,
殷受天命最合适,
享天指福永无疆。
注释:
[1] 玄鸟:黑色的燕子。玄,黑色,燕子为黑色,故称玄鸟。
[2] 商:指商朝的始祖契,传说有娀氏之女简狄吞下燕子卵而怀孕,生下契,契建国于商(今河南省商丘)。
[3] 芒芒:同“茫茫”,广大的样子。
[4] 正:治理的意思。
[5] 方:通“旁”,普遍的意思。
[6] 先后:先王,指商汤。
[7] 胜:胜任。
[8] 畿:疆域。
[9] 祁祁:众多的样子。
[10] 景:景山,在今河南省商丘县。
[11] 何:同“荷”,担负,蒙受。
The Swallow[1]
Heaven sent Swallow down
To give birth to the sire
Of Shang who wore the crown
Of land of Yin entire.
God ordered Martial Tang,
To conquer four frontiers,
To appoint lords of Shang
To rule over nine spheres.
The forefathers of Shang
Reigned by Heaven’s decree.
King Wu Ding, descendant of Tang.
Now rules overland and sea.
Wu Ding is a martial king,
Victor second to none.
Ten dragon chariots bring
Sacrifice on the run.
His land extends a thousand lis
Where people live and rest.
He reigns as far as the four seas;
Lords come frora east and west.
They gather at the capital
To pay homage in numbers great.
O good Heaven, bless all
The kings of the Yin State!
[1] This hymn was appropriate to a sacrifice in the ancestral temple of Shang. The Sire of Shang was said to be born around 2300 B. C. when his mother bathing in some open place took and swallowed an egg. dropped by a swallow. The Martial Tang founded the dynasty and his grandson moved the capital to Yin. This hymn was intended to do honor to King Wu Ding (1328—1263B. C.).