帕布莉卡《九章·惜往日》是战国时期楚国诗人屈原创作的一首诗，是《九章》中的一篇。此诗反映了屈原理想的幻灭，作者在临终之前回忆自己平生政治上的遭遇，痛惜自己的政治理想和政治主张遭到奸人的破坏而未能实现，表明了自己不得不死的苦衷，并希望用自己的一死来唤醒君王的最后觉悟。全诗结构前后照应，文辞质朴率直，浅显易懂，表意十分明白流畅。
惜往日
惜往日之曾信兮，
受命诏以昭时。
奉先功以照下兮，
明法度之嫌疑。
国富强而法立兮，
属贞臣而日娭[1]。
秘密事之载心兮，
虽过失犹弗治。
心纯庬[2]而不泄兮，
遭谗人而嫉之。
君含怒而待臣兮，
不清澈其然否。
蔽晦君之聪明兮，
虚惑误又以欺。
弗参验以考实兮，
远迁臣而弗思。
信谗谀之溷浊兮，
盛气志而过之。
何贞臣之无罪兮。
被离谤而见尤[3]。
惭光景之诚信兮，
身幽隐而备之。
临沅湘之玄渊兮，
遂自忍而沉流。
卒没身而绝名兮，
惜壅[4]君之不昭。
君无度而弗察兮，
使芳草为薮幽[5]。
焉舒情而抽信兮？
恬死亡而不聊。
独障壅[6]而蔽隐兮，
使贞臣为无由。
闻百里[7]之为虏兮，
伊尹[8]烹于庖厨。
吕望[9]屠于朝歌兮，
宁戚[10]歌而饭牛。
不逢汤武与桓缪兮，
世孰云而知之？
吴信谗而弗味兮，
子胥死而后忧。
介子[11]忠而立枯兮，
文君寤而追求。
封介山而为之禁兮，
报大德之优游。
思久故之亲身兮，
因缟素而哭之。
或忠信而死节兮，
或訑谩[12]而不疑。
弗省察而按实兮，
听谗人之虚辞。
芳与泽其杂糅兮，
孰申旦而别之？
何芳草之早殀兮，
微霜降而下戒。
谅聪不明而蔽壅兮，
使谗谀而日得！
自前世之嫉贤兮，
谓蕙若其不可佩。
妒佳冶之芬芳兮，
嫫母[13]姣而自好。
虽有西施之美容兮，
谗妒入以自代。
愿陈情以白行兮，
得罪过之不意。
情冤见之日明兮，
如列宿之错置。
乘骐骥而驰骋兮，
无辔衔而自载。
乘泛泭[14]以下流兮，
无舟楫而自备。
背法度而心治兮，
辟与此其无异。
宁溘死而流亡兮，
恐祸殃之有再。
不毕辞而赴渊兮，
惜壅君之不识。
注释：
[1] 娭（xī）：同“嬉”。
[2] 纯庬（dūn máng）：纯厚朴实。
[3] 离谤：遭毁谤。尤：责备。
[4] 壅：蒙蔽。
[5] 薮（sǒu）幽：大泽的深幽处。
[6] 障壅：与“蔽隐”同义。
[7] 百里：百里奚，春秋时虞国大夫。
[8] 伊尹：原来是有莘氏的陪嫁奴隶，曾经当过厨师。后来任商汤的相。
[9] 吕望：本姓姜，即姜尚。传说他本来在朝歌当屠夫，老年钓于渭水之滨，周文王认出他是个贤人，便重用了他。
[10] 宁戚：春秋时人，他在喂牛时唱歌，齐桓公认出他是个贤人。
[11] 介子：介子推，春秋时晋文公的臣子。
[12] 訑（dàn）谩：欺诈。訑，通“诞”。
[13] 嫫母：传说是黄帝的妃子，貌极丑。
[14] 泭（fú）：同“桴”，筏子。
回想过往也曾被君王信任，
接受君王的诏命整饬时政。
守着先人的功绩光照下民，
法度更显明以消除疑惑是非。
国家富强好法度才能建立，
君上将国家大事委托忠臣。
我全心全意为了国事操劳，
即便有过失也不会胡治理。
我纵然心地纯厚绝不泄密，
却也遭到奸人的毁谤妒忌。
君主愤怒而不公地对待我，
也不明察事情的是非曲直。
君王被小人蒙蔽聪明，
花言巧语使其一次次被骗。
不去比较验证事情真相，
将我远远放逐不考虑周全。
偏偏听信小人污浊谗言，
竟然怒气冲冲将忠臣责难。
忠贞的臣子我有什么过错，
为何遭受诽谤而受到放逐。
惭愧我像日月那样的忠诚，
即便身被远远放逐仍满怀忠诚。
面对着沅水、湘水的万丈深渊，
我怎么能够忍心葬身江中。
那样的结果只能身死名灭，
可惜君王被蒙蔽仍不明察。
君王未立准则难察民情，
将芳草弃在幽深的大泽中，
怎么能抒发衷情展示诚信？
我宁愿死去也不苟且偷生。
只因为前途壅塞掩蔽阻隔，
更使得忠臣个个无所适从。
我听说百里奚曾身为俘虏，
伊尹早先也曾经做过厨师。
姜子牙曾在朝歌屠杀牲畜，
宁戚一面唱歌还一边喂牛。
若不遇商汤周武齐桓秦缪，
世间有谁知道他们的才能？
吴王听信谗言不仔细判别，
伍子胥被赐死后国家患忧。
介子推忠贞被焚死而骨枯，
晋文公一旦醒悟即刻访求。
于是下令封山而严禁砍柴，
这是报答子推的大恩大德。
想起子推往日的割股献食，
晋文公身穿丧服痛哭泪流。
有人忠贞诚信为节操而死，
有人阴险欺诈反而被重用。
既不去认真调查也不核实，
只听信小人们的虚妄之词。
芳香的与腥臭的混杂一处，
又有谁能夜以继日认真辨识呢？
为什么芳草会过早地枯萎，
因为微霜初降时没有防备。
确是君主不明受人蒙蔽，
才使进谗献谀者得意扬扬。
自古以来的贤才都被嫉妒，
都说蕙草杜若不能佩戴身上。
嫉妒那佳人的芬芳的香气，
丑陋的嫫母却自以为美丽妩媚。
纵然有西施般的绝顶美貌，
丑恶之人也会将你来取代。
我愿意陈述真情表白所为，
反而出人意料地获罪过。
挚情与冤屈显明于光天化日，
有如天上的星宿各有陈列。
跨上骏马在草原长途奔驰，
没有辔缰全凭自己的控制。
乘坐浮筏向下游行驶，
没有船桨全靠自己的掌握。
君王背弃法度凭私心治国，
和上面所说的这些毫无差异。
我宁肯忽然死亡魂飞魄散，
唯恐灾难再一次祸害国家。
不等把话说完便投水自尽，
可惜蒙昧的君主仍不觉醒。
The Bygone Days Regretted
In the past the king trusted me, oh!
I published the royal decree.
The ancestors’ deeds shone about, oh!
I made laws plain to those in doubt.
The law on rich, strong land held sway, oh!
The king confided in me each day.
The secret locked in my heart, oh!
Casual misdeeds were put apart.
My heart was pure and free from wrong, oh!
But slanders’ jealousy was strong.
Angry with me the king became, oh!
And cared not if I’m free from blame,
The king’s eyes and ears were deceived, oh!
What was wrong and false was believed.
Unjustified, I met disgrace, oh!
And was removed to far-off place.
To trust traducers he was free, oh!
Angry, he would find fault in me.
Though, loyal, I have done no wrong, oh!
I sufer from slanders in throng.
Ashamed before the sunny scene, oh!
I hide myself behind the screen.
Of the dark river on the brink, oh!
Could I bear to plunge in and sink?
I’d drown myself and leave my name behind, oh!
But to the light my lord’s still blind.
Without measure to judge man’s deeds, oh!
He let sweet herb hidden in weeds.
Could I express my feelings fine? oh!
I would rather die than repine.
Screened from my lord and hidden in the shade , oh!
How could loyal request be made?
Bai Li was once a prisoner, oh!
A cook became Shang minister.
Master Jiang was a butcher strong, oh!
Ning Qi fed ox while singing a song.
If they had not met connoisseurs, oh!
Could they have become counselors?
Wu trusted in slanderers’ words, oh!
Killed his general and rued afterwards.
Loyal Jie would rather be burned, oh!
When his forgetful Duke Wen for him yearned.
The Duke made Mount Jie a holy place, oh!
To requite his service with grace.
The Duke thought of his old compeer, oh!
Clad in white, he shed tear on tear.
As martyrs loyal friends may die, oh!
Those are not doubted, who cheat and lie.
Acting nor with care nor on truth, oh!
One would believe slanders, forsooth.
The foul is mixed up with the fair, oh!
Who could discern between them anywhere?
Why are sweet herbs withered and lost, oh!
Before descends the hoary frost?
The unwise are more deaf each day, oh!
When flattery and slander hold sway.
As of old, jealous of the fair, oh!
They say orchids unfit to wear.
Jealous of fragrant beauty sweet, oh!
The ugly queen thought herself neat.
The Western Lady had a lovely face, oh!
Jealous women would take her place.
I would explain what I have done, oh!
They say I am a guilty one.
The wrong done me becomes each day more clear, oh!
Like stars in the celestial sphere.
I’d ride my steed and gallop to and fro, oh!
Without bit and rein, how could I go?
I’d mount a raft and downstream float, oh!
Where could I find oars for my boat?
A lawless heart can never rule, oh!
Nor can a boat go without tool.
I would rather unburied die, oh!
Lest disasters come by and by.
Should I plunge in the stream with much unsaid, oh!
Could I clear my lord’s muddled head?
