《小雅·六月》是中国古代第一部诗歌总集《诗经》中的一首诗。这是记述周宣王时期尹吉甫北伐玁狁的诗歌,通过对这次战争过程的描写,赞美了战争主帅尹吉甫的文韬武略、丰功伟绩和英雄风范。全诗六章,每章八句,以追忆开始,以现实作结,具有丰富变化的节奏感和灵动感。
六月
六月棲棲[1],
戎车既饬[2]。
四牡骙骙[3],
载是常[4]服。
狁孔炽,
我是用急。
王于出征,
以匡[5]王国。
比物四骊,
闲[6]之维则[7]。
维此六月,
既成我服。
我服既成,
于三十里。
王于出征,
以佐天子。
四牡修广,
其大有颙[8]。
薄伐玁狁,
以奏肤公[9]。
有严[10]有翼,
共武之服。
共武之服,
以定王国。
玁狁匪茹[11],
整[12]居焦获[13]。
侵镐及方,
至于泾阳。
织文鸟章,
白旆[14]央央[15]。
元戎十乘,
以先启行。
戎车既安,
如轾[16]如轩[17]。
四牡既佶[18],
既佶且闲。
薄伐玁狁,
至于大[19]原。
文武吉甫[20],
万邦为宪[21]。
吉甫燕喜,
既多受祉[22]。
来归自镐,
我行永久。
饮御[23]诸友,
炰鳖[24]脍鲤[25]。
侯谁在矣,
张仲[26]孝友。
六月里来心惶惶,
整顿兵车备战忙。
四匹公马长得壮,
背负旗子和衣裳。
猃狁气焰太嚣张,
我军形势很紧张。
王命出兵去征讨,
以此保卫我家邦。
四匹黑马强又壮,
训练作战有章法。
在这盛夏六月里,
服马已经训练成。
我的马儿已练好,
一日可行三十里。
王命出兵去征讨,
以此辅佐我国王。
四匹公马高又大,
马首威武气轩昂。
快快前去打猃狁,
为国为民立功劳。
将帅威严又恭敬,
供职军旅守边防。
供职军旅守边防,
安邦定国保我王。
猃狁实力不柔弱,
聚集驻兵在焦获。
侵占镐京和丰京,
一直到达泾水边。
旌旗上边绣鹰隼,
燕尾旗边光灿灿。
大型兵车有十辆,
当先开路上战场。
兵车行得很安全,
时而高昂时低伏。
四匹公马真健壮,
昂首向前步调齐。
快快前去打猃狁,
长驱直入到大原。
吉甫能文又能武,
他是万民的楷模。
吉甫设宴喜洋洋,
天子赏赐福无限。
镐京归来回到家,
这次行军时间长。
举杯饮酒敬朋友,
蒸煮团鱼和鲤鱼。
都是有谁赴此宴,
孝敬友善有张仲。
注释:
[1] 棲棲:忙碌的样子。
[2] 饬(chì):修整。
[3] 骙骙(kuí kuí):强壮的样子。
[4] 常:画有日月的旗帜。
[5] 匡:救。
[6] 闲:调息。
[7] 则:法。
[8] 颙(yóng):大。
[9] 肤公:大功。
[10] 严:威严。
[11] 茹:度量。
[12] 整:训练军队。
[13] 焦获:地名。
[14] 白旆(pèi):旐旗周围燕尾形的旗边。
[15] 央央:鲜明貌。
[16] 轾(zhì):车行向前倾。
[17] 轩:车行向后仰。
[18] 佶(jí):强健。
[19] 大(tài)原:今平凉。
[20] 吉甫:尹吉甫。
[21] 宪:楷模。
[22] 祉:福祉。
[23] 御:进献。
[24] 炰(páo)鳖:清蒸团鱼。
[25] 脍鲤:细切鲤鱼。
[26] 张仲:吉甫之友,其性孝友。
General Ji Fu[1]
Days in sixth moon are long,
Chariots ready to fight.
All our horses are strong,
Flags and banners in flight.
The Huns come in wild band;
The danger’s imminent.
To save our royal land
An expedition’s sent.
My four black steeds are strong,
Trained with skill and address.
Days in sixth moon are long;
We’ve made our battle dress.
Nice battle dress is made;
Each day thirty li’s done.
Our forces make a raid,
Ordred by Heaven’s Son.
My four steeds are strong ones,
With their heads in harness.
We fight against the Huns
In view of great success.
Careful and strict we’d be;
In battle dress we stand.
In battle dress stand we
To defend the king’s land.
The Huns cross the frontier;
Our riverside towns fall.
The invaders come near
North of our capital.
Like flying birds we speed,
With silken flags aglow.
Ten large chariots lead
The way against the foe.
The chariots move along
And proceed high and low.
The four horses are strong
And at high speed they go.
We fight against the Huns.
As far as northern border.
Wise Ji Fu leads brave sons
And puts the State in order.
Ji Fu is feasted here
With his gifts on display.
He’s back from the frontier,
Having come a long way.
He entertains his friends
With roast turtles and fish.
The filial Zhang Zhong spends
His time there by Ji’s wish.
[1] This epic ode and the thirteen odes which followed were all referred to the time of King Xuan(826—781 B. C.). After Kings Cheng and Kang, the House of Zhou fell into decay.Li, the eighth king from Kang, was so oppressive that the people drove him from the capital.The Huns took advantage of this internal disorder and invaded and ravaged the country till King Xuan succeeded to the throne and despatched against them General Ji Fu, whose suc cessful operations in 826 B. C. were sung by Zhang Zhong, writer of this ode.