《小雅·鹤鸣》是中国古代现实主义诗集《诗经》中的一首诗。历代学者对其主题有不同的看法,有人认为这首诗是讽谕周王朝最高统治者应该招用隐居山野的贤才。全诗二章,每章九句,大致上是写诗人在广袤的荒野听到鹤鸣声震动四野高入云霄,看到游鱼潜入深渊又跃上滩头,又看到园林檀树近旁的一座山峰,于是他想到山上的石头可以取作磨砺玉器的工具。全诗意脉贯串,结构完整,通篇运用比喻,富于艺术感染力。
鹤鸣
鹤鸣于九皋[1],
声闻于野。
鱼潜在渊,
或在于渚。
乐彼之园,
爰有树檀,
其下维萚[2]。
他山[3]之石,
可以为错[4]。
鹤鸣于九皋,
声闻于天。
鱼在于渚,
或潜在渊。
乐彼之园,
爰有树檀,
其下维毂[5]。
他山之石,
可以攻玉。
鹤在水泽边鸣叫,
声音响亮遍荒野。
鱼儿遨游在深渊,
有时也去浅水湾。
那个园林真可爱,
园中生长有香檀,
还有灌木在下边。
异国的石头,
可以用来琢美玉。
鹤在水泽边鸣叫,
声音响亮冲云霄。
鱼儿遨游在浅湾,
有时也会入深渊。
那个园林真可爱,
园中生长有香檀,
还有楮树在下边。
异国的石头,
可以用来雕美玉。
注释:
[1] 皋:沼泽。
[2] 萚(tuò):棘类灌木。
[3] 他山:指异国。
[4] 错:琢玉用的粗磨石。
[5] 毂:楮(chǔ)树,可以用来做纸。
The Crane Cries[1]
In the marsh the crane cries;
Her voice is heard for miles.
Hid in the deep fish lies
Or it swims by the isles.
Pleasant a garden’s made
By sandal trees standing still
And small trees in their shade.
Stones from another hill
May be used to polish jade.
In the marsh the crane cries;
Her voice is heard on high.
By the isle the fish lies
Or in tile deep near-by.
Pleasant the garden in our eyes
Where sandal trees stand still
And paper mulberries ’neath them.
Stones from another hill
May be used to polish gem.
[1] The garden described in this ode alluded to a state, the crane and sandal trees to mani fested talents, the fish and small trees and paper mulberries to undiscovered talents, and stones from another hill to unpolished talents from other states. it was important for a state to discover and employ diferent talents.