《小雅·青蝇》是中国古代第一部诗歌总集《诗经》中的一首诗。这是一首劝戒当政者做恺悌君子而别听信谗言的政治抒情诗。全诗三章,每章四句。第一章说君子不要听信谗言,第二章说谗言害国,第三章继续斥责谗言的祸害。三章循环往复,由浅入深,层层递进,形象刻画淋漓尽致。此诗通篇以营营青蝇为喻,比喻那些向当政者进谗的小人嘴脸,取喻形象传神,同时也包括对谗言的危害和根源的深刻揭示,大大增强了诗的讽刺和谴责的力度,对后世诗文创作有较大影响。
青蝇
营营[1]青蝇,
止于樊[2]。
岂弟[3]君子,
无信谗言。
营营青蝇,
止于棘。
谗人罔极,
交乱四国。
营营青蝇,
止于榛。
谗人罔极,
构[4]我二人。
青头苍蝇嗡嗡飞,
停在院间篱笆上。
君子平易又通达,
切莫听信小人言。
青头苍蝇嗡嗡飞,
停在院里枣树上。
小人做事没准则,
祸害捣蛋乱四国。
青头苍蝇嗡嗡飞,
停在那棵榛树上。
小人做事没准则,
你我之间造事端。
注释:
[1] 营营:嘤嘤。
[2] 樊:竹篱笆。
[3] 岂弟(kǎi tì):平易通达。
[4] 构:挑拨,离间。
Blue Flies[1]
Hear the buzzing blue flies;
On the fence they alight.
Lord, don’t believe their lies;
Friend, don’t take wrong for right.
Hear blue flies buzzing, friend;
They light on jujube trees.
The slander without end
Spreads in the state disease.
Hear blue flies buzzing, friend;
They light on hazel tree.
The slander without end
Sets you at odds with me.
[1] It was said that this ode was directed against King You who lent a ready ear to slander and blue flies became symbolic of slanderers.