《大雅·文王》 -《诗经》英译-《诗经》中英双语赏析

《大雅·文王》是中国古代第一部诗歌总集《诗经》中的一首诗,是《大雅》的首篇。这是一首政治诗,歌颂周王朝的奠基者周文王姬昌。朱熹认为此诗创作在西周初年,作者是周公旦。全诗七章,每章八句。通篇用“赋”的手法,歌颂周文王受命于天建立周邦的功绩,叙述商周兴亡隆替的道理,告诫勉励周成王及后世君王应顺应天命施行德政,反复叮咛告诫周朝臣子及殷商归周诸臣要顺应天命效忠周朝,情意十分恳切。此诗章句结构整齐,每章换韵,韵律和谐,成功地运用了顶真的修辞技巧,语句蝉联,诗义贯串,宛如一体。

文王

文王在上,

於[1]昭于天。

周虽旧邦,

其命维新。

有周不[2]显[3],

帝命不时。

文王陟[4]降,

在帝左右。

亹亹[5]文王,

令闻不已。

陈锡[6]哉周,

侯文王孙子。

文王孙子,

本支[7]百世。

凡周之士,

不显亦世[8]。

世之不显,

厥犹翼翼。

思皇多士,

生此王国。

王国克生,

维周之桢[9]。

济济多士,

文王以宁。

穆穆[10]文王,

於缉熙[11]敬止。

假[12]哉天命,

有商孙子。

商之孙子,

其丽[13]不亿。

上帝既命,

侯于周服[14]。

侯服于周,

天命靡常。

殷士[15]肤敏[16],

裸[17]将于京。

厥作裸将,

常服黼[18]冔[19]。

王之荩臣[20],

无念[21]尔祖!

无念尔祖,

聿修厥德。

永言配命,

自求多福。

殷之未丧师[22],

克配上帝。

宜鉴于殷,

骏命[23]不易!

命之不易,

无遏[24]尔躬。

宣昭义问[25],

有虞[26]殷自天。

上天之载[27],

无声无臭。

仪刑[28]文王,

万邦作孚[29]。

文王英灵在天上,

光辉照耀最明亮。

歧周虽然是旧邦,

接受天命新气象。

周家前途无限好,

天命周家长兴旺。

文王神灵升又降,

常伴上帝在天庭。

勤勤勉勉周文王,

美好声誉永不忘。

上帝赐他兴周邦,

后世子孙都为王。

文王子孙代相传,

嫡亲旁支百世昌。

周家群臣和百官,

也都世世沾荣光。

世代显贵沾荣光,

谋事小心又周详。

群臣众多皆贤能,

有幸生在周国里。

王国能把贤士生,

都是周家好栋梁。

人才济济满朝廷,

文王在天得安宁。

端庄恭敬周文王,

光明磊落又善良。

天命伟大不可违,

殷商子孙都来归。

殷商子孙蕃衍多,

成万成亿数不清。

上帝已经发命令,

服从周邦为臣子。

殷商称臣服周王,

天命运行本无常。

殷商诸士多勤敏,

助祭镐京陪周王。

他们助祭行灌礼,

仍然穿戴殷时装。

都是周王大忠臣,

牢记祖德不可忘!

牢记祖先别忘记,

继承祖业多努力。

天命永远不相违,

自己多多求福气。

殷商未失民心时,

行为也能合帝意。

殷商灭亡应借鉴,

永保天命不容易!

永保天命不容易,

不要断送你身上。

美好声誉要发扬,

殷朝之鉴是天命。

上帝之意不可测,

既无气味也无声。

效法文王好榜样,

天下敬仰又信任。

注释:

[1] 於(wū):赞叹。

[2] 不:语气助词,无实义。下文“不时”“不亿”“无念”之“不”与此同。

[3] 显:光明。

[4] 陟:升。

[5] 亹亹(wěi wěi):勤勉的样子。

[6] 陈锡:重赐,厚赐。

[7] 本支:文王的后世子孙。

[8] 不显亦世:即显世,光显于世。

[9] 桢:干,栋梁。

[10] 穆穆:容仪谨敬,美好。

[11] 缉熙:光明。

[12] 假:大。

[13] 丽:数目。

[14] 侯于周服:臣服于周。

[15] 殷士:殷商之臣属。

[16] 肤敏:敏勉,美好。

[17] 祼(guàn):用酒祭祖。行祼之礼,叫作祼将。

[18] 黼(fǔ):殷商时的白黑相间的礼服。

[19] 冔(xú):殷商时的礼帽。

[20] 荩(jìn)臣:忠臣。

[21] 无念:不忘。

[22] 师:众人。

[23] 骏命:大命,天意。

[24] 遏:止。

[25] 义问:好名声。

[26] 虞:借鉴。

[27] 载:事。

[28] 仪刑:效法。

[29] 孚:相信。

Heavens Decree[1]

King Wen rests in the sky;

His spirit shines on high.

Though Zhou is an old state,

It’s destined to be great.

The House of Zhou is bright;

God brings it to the height.

King Wen will e’er abide

At God’s left or right side.

King Wen was good and strong; His fame lasts wide and long.

God’s gifts to Zhou will run

From his son to grandson.

Descendants of his line

Will receive gifts divine;

So will talents and sage

Be blessed from age to age;

From age to age they’re blest;

They work with care and zest.

Brilliant, they dedicate

Their lives to royal state.

Born in this royal land,

They’ll support the house grand

With talents standing by,

King Wen may rest on high.

King Wen was dignified,

Respected far and wide.

At Heaven’s holy call

The sons of Shang come all.

Those sons of the noblesse

Of Shang are numberless.

As heaven orders it,

They cannot but submit.

Submission’s nothing strange;

Heaven’s decree may change.

They were Shang’s officers;

They’re now Zhou’s servitors.

They serve wine in distress

In Shang cap and Yin dress.

You loyal ministers,

Don’t miss your ancestors!

Miss no ancestors dear;

Cultivate virtue here!

Obey Heaven’s decree

And you’ll live in high glee.

Ere it lost people’s heart,

Yin played its ordained part.

From Yin’s example we see

It’s hard to keep decree.

O keep Heaven’s decree

Or you will cease to be.

Let virtue radiate;

Profit from Yin’s sad fate:

All grow under the sky

Silently far and nigh.

Take pattern from King Wen.

All states will obey you then.

[1] This was the first epic ode celebrating King Wen ( 1184—1134 B. C.), dead and alive, as the founder of the Zhou dynasty. It was attributed to the Duke of Zhou for the benefit of the young King Cheng (1114—1076 B. C.). It showed how King Wen’s virtue drew to him the favoring regard of Heaven and made him a bright pattern to his descendants and their ministers. Stanza 5 carried on the subject of the descendants of the previous dynasty,called first Shang and then Yin. When they appeared at the court of Zhou, they assisted at the sacrifices of the king in bis ancestral temple, which began with a libation of fragrant spirits to bring down the spirits of the departed. The libation was poured out by the repre sentative of the dead and the cup with the spirits was handed to him by Yin officers.

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